UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF
Name:ARRON SANITA
SECTION CODE: GE533
Chapter II Unpaking the Self

Lesson 1: The Physical and Sexual Self

What are the stages of development of men and women from childhood to adulthood? Describe the
physical/biological changes in each stage of development.

Sexual problems may be classified as physiological, psychological, and social in origin. Discuss the instances
when each type of problem occur.

Discuss 3 natural methods of contraception and 3 artificial methods of contraception.

THE PHYSICAL SELF The self as impacted by the body Physical self refers to the body which we interface with
our environment and fellow being

It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined. People now days are too
conscious on how they look. How they see themselves in the mirror, how people will look at them and what
will people say about them. Our concept of our self and the perception of people around us will always
have big effect on how we deal in a situation, cultural or not. This discussion of Physical Self has found place
on different Schools of Psychology, like paychoanalysis, behavionam, humaniam etc.

What is Sexual Orientation?

•Refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both
sexes.

> Refers also to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions related behaviors, and membership
in a community of others who share those attractions.

2. HUMAN SEXUALITY

Sexuality is much more than sexual feelings or sexual intercourse. It is an important part of who a person is
and what she/he will become.

THE BASIC BIOLOGY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: TEEN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

The change from child to adult is an especially dangerous time for adolescents in our society. From their
earliest years, children watch television shows and movies that insist "sex appeal" is a personal quality that
people need to develop to the fullest

Teenage Pregnancy
This is also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female under the age of 20. Pregnancy can
occur with sexual intercourse after the start of ovulation, which can be before the first menstrual period
(menarche) but usually occurs after the onset of periods. In well nourished females, the first period usually
takes place around the age of 12 or 13.

Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy

1. Comprehensive sex education and access to birth control appear to reduce unplanned pregnancy.
2. Abstinence only Education: This is a form of sex education that teaches not having sex outside of
marriage. It often excludes other types of sexual and reproductive health education, such as birth control
and safe sex. Comprehensive sex education, by contrast, covers the use of birth control and sexual
abstinence

THE FIVE CIRCLES OF SEXUALITY

1. Sensuality is awareness and feeling about your own body and other people's bodies. especially the body
of a sexual partner.
2)Sexual Intimacy is the ability to be
emotionally close to another being and to
accept closeness in return.
3)Sexual Identity-is a person's understanding of who he/she is sexually, including the sense of being male or
of being female.
4. Reproduction and Sexual Health These are a person's capacity to reproduce and the behaviors and
attitudes that make sexual relationships healthy and enjoyable.
5) Sexualization-is that aspect of sexuality in which people behave sexually to influence, manipulate, or
control other people

THE HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE

Biological factors such as the presence of androgens, estrogens and progesterone, prime people for sex.
People's sexual response follow a regular pattern consisting of four phases: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm
and Resolution Sexual motivation, often referred to as libido, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for
sexual activity. This is motivated by Biological, psychological and Social factors.
In most mammals, sex hormones control the ability to engage in sexual behaviors. However, sex hormones
do not directly regulate the ability to copulate in humans: They are only one influence on the motivation to
engage in sexual behaviors. Social factors such as WORK and FAMILY also have an impact, as do internal
psychological factors like personality and stress.

HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the cycle consists of four phases:

• Excitement/arousal
• Plateau
• Orgasm
• Resolution

Excitation
Vasocongestion: pelvic area receives more blood in general in particular to genitals.
Males: penile erection, scrotal sacs thickens, elevates
- Orgasm

Mates Two stages

contraction of seminal vesicles, vas and prostate contraction of urethra and penis: ejaculation
Females:
contractions of orgasmic platform
contractions of uterus several orgasms possible it stimulation continues oxytocin
Both: very high heart rate, blood pressure and breathing intense myotonia
Females: vaginal lubrication glans clitoris enlarges (similar to penile erection) nipples erect (myotonia:
muscle contraction) breasts enlarge (vasocongestion inner lips of vulva swell and open, change in colour
(darker) upper 2/3rds of vagina balloons cervix and uterus stand up: tenting effect angle of cervical opening
more receptive to sperm
Both Sexes: sex flush (can happen later) heart rate respiration rate gradually increase generalized myotonia

Plateau

Females:
orgasmic platform: outer third of vagina thickens, swells: condition sine qua non: without it, no orgasm
tenting complete clitoris erect
Males:
Cowper's glands secrete fluid through tip of penis. Warning: may contain live sperm!
scrotum even higher and testicles bigger Both males and females: continue vasocongestion to max Heart
rate, respiration rate and blood pressure continue to increase Copious perspiration Increased myotonia
Females: vaginal lubrication glans clitoris enlarges
(similar to penile erection) nipples erect (myotonia: muscle contraction) breasts enlarge (vasocongestion
inner lips of vulva swell and open, change in colour (darker upper 2/3rds of vagina balloons cervix and
uterus stand up: tenting effect angle of cervical opening more receptive to sperm
Both sexes: sex flush (can happen later) heart rate respiration rate gradually increase generalized myotonia

SEXUALITY IN ADOLESCENT YOUTH (age13 to 19)

Once the youth have reached puberty and beyond, they experience increased interest in romantic and
sexual relationships and in

THE CHEMISTRY OF LUST, LOVE AND ATTACHMENT There are physiological and psychological aspects in
being turned on, being in love and attached to other person.

1. LUST- this is a phase which is driven by the hormones testosterone and estrogen - in both men and
women.
2. ATTRACTION- this phase is said to be one of the beautiful moments of life. This is the phase when a
person actually starts to feel the love.
3. ATTACHMENT- is a bond helping the couple to take their relationship to advanced levels

DIVERSITY OF HUMAN SEXUALITY

Sexual diversity:
Gender and sexual diversity (GSD), or simply sexual diversity, refers to all the diversities of sex
characteristics, sexual orientations and gender identities, without the need to specify each of the identities,
behaviors, or characteristics that form this plurality.

HOW T
O KNOW IF YOUR A LESBIAN, GAY, OR BISEXUAL

People don't decide who they're attracted to, and therapy, treatment, or persuasion won't change a
person's sexual orientation. You also can't "turn" a person gay. For example, exposing a boy to toys
traditionally made for girls, such as dolls, won't cause him to be gay.

You probably started to become aware of who you're attracted to at a very young age. This doesn't mean
that you had sexual feelings, just that you could identify people you found attractive or liked. Many people
say that they knew they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual even before puberty.

WHAT ABOUT SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND

COMING OUT DURING ADOLESCENCE?
Adolescence is a period when people separate from their parents and families and begin to develop
autonomy. Adolescence can be a period of experimentation, and many youths may question their sexual
feelings. Becoming aware of sexual feelings is a normal development task of adolescence. Sometimes
adolescents have same-sex feelings or experiences that cause confusion about their sexual orientation. This
confusion appears to decline over time, with different outcomes for different individuals.
Sometimes adolescents have same-sexfeelings or experiences that cause confusion about thier sexual
orientation. This confusion appears to decline over time, with different outcomes for different individuals.
Some adolescents desire and engage in same sex behavior but do not identify as lesbian, gay,or bisexual,
sometimes because of the stigma associated with a non heterosexual orientation.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ Infections

These are also known as "Venereal Disease" (VD).They passed through sexual are passed contact or genital -
through vaginal intercourse oral sex and anal sex.
The term STI evolved from "venereal disease" to "sexually transmitted disease", then "sexually transmitted
infection which has a broader range of meaning that it can be passed without disease. (You don't have to be
ill to infect others)

►HIV/AIDS
HIV is "Human Immunodificiency Virus". This is a retrovirus-genetic info@ RNA that DNA. HIV is the virus
that causes AIDS and it is preventable and manageable but not curable.
AIDS is
Acquired Immunodificiency Syndrome" Since this a syndrome, there are several manifestations of the
breakdown in body's immune system and have developed in people who have been infected by HIV.

How do people get AIDS?

AIDS is developed through: 1. Bodily fluids (blood products- transfusions,semen

and vaginal fluids)
2.
3.
4. Intravenous (IV) Drug Abuse ( sharing needles and used of unsterilized blades)
3. Sexual Intercourse unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex

FAMILY PLANNING / RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD

This is having the desired number of children and when you want to have them by using safe and effective
modern or traditional methods. Proper birth spacing is having children 3 to 5 years apart, which is best for
the health of the mother, her child, and the family.
A concept linked to family planning is contraception, also known as birth control and fertility control. This is
a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. It is also defined as deliberate prevention of conception or
impregnation.
Family Planning Methods
Natural Birth Control employs natural control methods that people do to help prevent an unintended
pregnancy are without the use of artificial ways of contraception. These requires commitment when you
make decision, discipline and self-control for it to be effective. This include abstinence fertility awareness
methods, the rythm, calendar or standard days method, outercourse and continued breastfeeding, all
requiring discipline and responsibility which the Catholic Church approves.
2. Artificial Birth Control employs artificial control methods to help prevent unintended pregnancy use
modern/ contemporary measures such as contraceptives or birth control patch , birth control shot,
birth control implant intrauterine device (IUD), tubal ligation / vasectomy tubal and emergency
contraception pill.

VALUES INFUSION:

Biblical Citations Regarding Responsible Sexuality

Gal. 5:16-19

Now the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, idolatry, sorcery,
enmity, strife, jealousy, fits of anger, rivalries, dissensions, divisions, envy, drunkenness, orgies, and
things like these. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do such things will not inherit
the kingdom of God. And those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions
and desires.
1Cor. 6:17-20
The body is not meant for sexual immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. Or do you not
know that he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one body with her?
Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a person commits is outside the body, but the sexually immoral
person sins against his own body
1Cor.5;1
It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that is not tolerated even
among pagans.......Let him who has done this be removed from among you
1Cor. 5:11.

But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who bears the name of brother if he is guilty of
sexual immorality or greed, or is an idolater, reviler, drunkard, or swindler-not even to eat with such a one.
For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Is it not those inside the church whom you are to judge? God
judges those outside. "Purge the evil person from among you."
Col. 3:5
Put to death therefore what is earthly in you: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and
covetousness, which is idolatry. On account of these the wrath of God is coming.

Punishments for Sexual Immorality

1.If a man commits adultery with the wife of his neighbor, both the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely
be put to death...
2.If a man lies with a male as with a woman to woman, have committed an abomination. If a man takes a
woman and her mother also, it is depravity:
If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death, and you shall kill the animal. If a
woman approaches any animal and lies with it.they shall surely be put to death.
Thes. 4:3
For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from sexual immorality; that each one of you
know how to control his own body in holiness and honor, not in the passion of lust like the Gentiles who do
not know God;

fornication (sexual intercourse between unmarried man and woman)

Lesson 2: To buy or Not to Buy? That is the question! Discuss the difference between need and want. As a
student, enumerate your needs and wants. How do you plan to fulfill them?

A couple of years ago I taught a lesson at Reagan Elementary to some 1st graders about the difference
between needs and wants. I made a bunch of cards with images on them. Each card had things like food,
water, a job, or a house while others had things like a bike, ice cream, toys and various other items. I passed
all the cards out to the students and then one by one they had to come up and tell the class what card they
had and if they thought it was a need or a want. For the most part they did really well. But as we get older
sometimes the line blurs between our needs and our wants. I need a car to get to and from work and pick
my kids up and do all the mom/wife things I have to do. When making the decision to get a 2022 decked out
Honda Pilot would that fall under the need category or want? Both really. Yes, it would fulfill my need for a
vehicle but I could get something way less expensive and still meet that need. So in this case it would be
more of a want and I would need to really evaluate my budget and what I was willing to pay every month.

Have you ever struggled with separating needs from wants? Read on to learn how to tell the difference
between these two spending categories.

Defining needs and wants

A need is something necessary to live and function.
A want is something that can improve your quality of life.
Using these criteria, a need includes food, clothing, shelter and medical care, while wants include
everything else. However, these terms are more fluid than they appear to be at first glance, and some items
can seem to fit into both categories. A good trick for dividing wants and needs is to let some time pass
before fulfilling your desire for the item. The desire for a need grows stronger with time, while the desire
for a want will weaken with passing time.
Listing your needs and wants
Now you can begin listing your own needs and wants.
Start with needs, including basics like food, rent or mortgage, as well as other fixed expenditures that are
necessary for you to live and function, such as transportation costs and insurance coverage.
If you get stuck on a particular item and don’t know where to place it, hold it up to the following questions:
Do I really need this item to live and function?
Is it possible to fill this need in a less expensive way?
How would my life be different if this item were not a part of it? When you’ve completed your list of needs,
you can list all remaining expenses in your category of wants.

Reviewing and tweaking your lists

After completing this exercise, review your list of needs to see if anything can be removed. Will you still
need these items a few years from now, or even a few months from now? Can any of your needs be
swapped for a cheaper option? For example, you may need clothing, but do you need eight pairs of designer
jeans? Or, I may need a new vehicle but do I need the newest, most decked out SUV on the market?
Do the same for your list of wants. Which of them are only there because of pressure to keep up with others
or look good? Which of your wants were more important to you in the past than they are today? Which are
status symbols? Pare down your list until you’re only left with the wants that truly add value to your life.
Now that you know how to tell the difference between needs and wants, creating a monthly budget is
simple. Assign dollar amounts to your fixed and non-fixed needs, set aside money for savings, and use the
rest to pay for your wants.
Going forward, you’ll likely also have an easier time keeping your impulse buys under control. Before
purchasing an item, ask yourself if it’s a need or a want. If the item is a want, consider its importance and
other wants you’ve recently bought before going ahead with the purchase.
Separating wants and needs can be one of the most challenging parts of creating a monthly budget. Follow
the steps outlined above to learn how to make the distinction between these two spending categories with
ease.

Lesson 3. Supernaturals: Believe it or not? Some of the major world religions are Buddhism, Christianity,
Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. Select any 3 of these religions and discuss their (a.) beliefs, (b.) customs and
practices.

Buddhism
Buddhism is one of the world’s largest religions and originated 2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists believe
that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior
are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.
Buddhism is one of the world’s major religions. It originated in India in 563–483 B.C.E. with Siddhartha
Gautama, and over the next millennia it spread across Asia and the rest of the world. Buddhists believe that
human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is
possible to escape this cycle forever. Siddhartha Gautama was the first person to reach this state of
enlightenment and was, and is still today, known as the Buddha. Buddhists do not believe in any kind of
deity or god, although there are supernatural figures who can help or hinder people on the path towards
enlightenment.

Siddhartha Gautama was an Indian prince in the fifth century B.C.E. who, upon seeing people poor and
dying, realized that human life is suffering. He renounced his wealth and spent time as a poor beggar,
meditating and travelling but ultimately, remaining unsatisfied, settling on something called “the Middle
Way.” This idea meant that neither extreme asceticism or extreme wealth were the path to enlightenment,
but rather, a way of life between the two extremes. Eventually, in a state of deep meditation, he achieved
enlightenment, or nirvana underneath the Bodhi tree (the tree of awakening). The Mahabodhi Temple in
Bihar, India—the site of his enlightenment—is now a major Buddhist pilgrimage site.

The Buddha taught about Four Noble Truths. The first truth is called “Suffering (dukkha),” which teaches
that everyone in life is suffering in some way. The second truth is “Origin of suffering (samudāya).” This
states that all suffering comes from desire (tanhā). The third truth is “Cessation of suffering (nirodha),” and
it says that it is possible to stop suffering and achieve enlightenment. The fourth truth, “Path to the
cessation of suffering (magga)” is about the Middle Way, which are the steps to achieve enlightenment.

Buddhists believe in a wheel of rebirth, where souls are born again into different bodies depending on how
they conducted themselves in their previous lives. This is connected to “karma,” which refers to how a
person’s good or bad actions in the past or in their past lives can impact them in the future.

There are two main groups of Buddhism: Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. Mahayana
Buddhism is common in Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Mongolia. It emphasizes the role models of
bodhisattvas (beings that have achieved enlightenment but return to teach humans). Theravada Buddhism
is common in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Burma (Myanmar). It emphasizes a monastic lifestyle
and meditation as the way to enlightenment.

Buddhism has been a controversial religion. The head of the Tibetan school of Buddhism and traditional
leader of Tibet, the Dalai Lama, fled from China-controlled Tibet in 1959 to India in fear of his life. Many
Tibetan Buddhists actively resist Chinese control of the region. Recently, the current Dalai Lama, who is
understood to be the fourteenth reincarnation of the first Dalai Lama, has raised questions over whether
and where he will choose to reincarnate.

Islam
The Five Pillars are the core beliefs and practices of Islam: Profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that
"There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written
in Arabic, is often prominently featured in architecture and a range of objects, including the Qur'an, Islam's
holy book of divine revelations. One becomes a Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction. Prayer
(salat). Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark.
Prayer includes a recitation of the opening chapter (sura) of the Qur'an, and is sometimes performed on a
small rug or mat used expressly for this purpose (Muslims can pray individually at any location (fig. 1) or
together in a mosque, where a leader in prayer (imam) guides the congregation. Men gather in the mosque
for the noonday prayer on Friday; women are welcome but not obliged to participate. After the prayer, a
sermon focuses on a passage from the Qur'an, followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a
particular religious topic. Alms (zakat). In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of
their income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy Muslims build mosques, drinking
fountains, hospitals, schools, and other institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings
associated with charity. Fasting (sawm). During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the
Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink. Through this
temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of and gratitude for everything God has provided in
their lives—including the Qur'an, which was first revealed during this month. During Ramadan they share
the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to help those less fortunate.
Pilgrimage (hajj). Every Muslim whose health and finances permit it must make at least one visit to the holy
city of Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia....
The beleif of Christianity The Trinity
It is the testimony of both Testaments and of the Christian Church that God is both One and Triune. The
Biblical revelation testifies that there is only one God and that He is eternally existent in Three Persons:
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
The Father
The Creator, Sustainer, and Source of all things. He created the universe in love, to respond to Him. He
created man in His own image for fellowship and called man back to Himself through Christ after the fall of
man in the garden of Eden.
The Son
Jesus Christ is eternally God. He was together with the Father and the Holy Spirit from the beginning of
creation, and through Him, all things were made. He left heaven and became man by the Holy Spirit through
the virgin Mary for man’s redemption (the act of paying our sin debt in full). Therefore, He is forever one
Christ with two natures, God and Man, in one person.
The Holy Spirit
God, the Lord, and Giver of life, who was active in the Old Testament, and given to the Church in fullness at
Pentecost. He empowers believers for service and witnessing. He cleanses man from the old nature
conforming us to the image of Christ. The In-Filling of the Holy Spirit, following conversion, releases the
fullness of the Spirit and is evidenced by the fruits and the gifts of the Holy Spirit that include a Super
Natural Prayer Language for each and every Believer. This Super Natural Prayer Language is an intimate and
unique communication between you and God.
The Word
The Bible, which contains the Old and New Testaments, is the infallible inspired Word of God. Its authority
is ultimate, final, and eternal. It cannot be added to or subtracted from or superseded in any regard. The
Bible is the source of all doctrine, instruction, correction, and reproof. It contains all that is needed for
guidance in godliness and practical Christian conduct.
Salvation
The Word of God clearly declares that salvation is a free gift of God based on the merits of the death of His
Son, Jesus Christ, and is received by faith. Salvation is affected by personal repentance, belief in the Lord
Jesus (justification), and personal acceptance of Him into one’s life by believing with your heart and
confessing with your mouth the Jesus is The Lord of your life and that God raised Him from the dead.
Atonement
Christ died on the cross, on our behalf, to pay the penalty for the sins of the whole world. These benefits are
only applicable to those who receive Jesus as their personal Savior. Healing – body, soul, and spirit – as well
as all of God’s promises and provisions for every believer, are provided for in the atonement it is a finished
work.
The Chrisitan Life
God’s provision for His children is total: His promises are final and forever. The shortcomings of the
individual and of the church are because of the still progressing sanctification (the process of becoming
Christ-like) of believers. The Christian life is filled with trials, tests, and warfare against a spiritual enemy. To
remain faithful through all circumstances of life, requires dependence upon the Holy Spirit, making God’s
WORD the final authority and a willingness to die to worldly desires,
passions, and temptations
INTRODUCTION

Primary Questions: In your opinion, what does it take to be a proud Filipino? Do

you think that the Philippines is still living in the shadows of the colonizers?

The 1987 Philippine Constitution

citizenship of Filipinos are within the Article IV Section One

ABSTRACTION

Who are Filipinos? How do we distinguish Filipino people from other nationalities? Do
physical characteristics such as having dark hair, flat nose and dark complexion enough to

tell a person is a Filipino. The person’s physical appearance, language, birth place, and

ethnicity are not enough to tell the identity of a person.

The colonization of Spaniards, Americans and Japanese made a difference. Could we say

that Filipinos have developed their own identity?

Values and traits are also important indicators that set apart one nationality from the

others. These values are not always positive since it also points out the weaknesses and

mistakes but with the unity and commitment, there would be a progress and

empowerment through common goals, principles, and values of its people.

WHO IS FILIPINO?

Filipinos are often referenced from globally know personalities who have made Filipinos better recognized
in the world.

Independence Day and Buwan ng Wika celebrations prompt us to go back to our roots.

According to the Philippine Constitution, Filipino citizens are those whose fathers or mothers are citizen

of the Philippines, those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority, and those who are naturalized according to the law.

Citizenship – a legal relationship between a person and a country. It can be acquired by birth or

naturalization.

Jus soli-right of soil

Jus sanguinis- right of blood

Nationality- the country where you came

Culture and history have greatly influenced the manner Filipinos learn, live, and behave.

People who grew in the same community share the same traits and values.

KINDS OF FILIPINO CITIZENS UNDER THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this constitution.

Natural born citizens

Citizens through election

Naturalized citizens

HOW CAN YOU BE A NATURAL BORN CITIZEN?

According to the Philippine Nationality Law, it is based on “Jus sanguinis.”

FILIPINO VALUES AND TRAITS

The Philippines is a lush island paradise famous for its grandiose mountain views, pristine
beaches, rich and diverse culture changing from province to province. While the Philippines may be well

known for its awe-inspiring beauty, perhaps the Filipinos' unique traits, reputable values, and laudable

talents make the Philippines a place to be.

Tourists who have visited the Philippines can never forget the:

Big and Bright smiles that greeted them.

Colorful and loud jeepneys.

Common Filipino phrases such as "Mabuhay!" and "Salamat!"

Habits such as saying "po" at "opo" to the elders.

Leaving shoes or slippers at the front door before entering a house.

Importunate asking of "kumain ka na ba?" meaning "Have you eaten yet?".

Indeed, it is a marvel to experience first-hand these unique traits of the Filipinos.

As Filipinos, we possess the best characteristics in the world. We aren't perfect, but we do have

amazing values and traits that everyone should be proud of. As a result, let us recognize that these

ideals should be applied to our society in order for it to have a good potential in terms of working for
FILIPINO HOSPITALITY

Is the most common terminology that describes how Filipino welcome foreigners or tourists who

visit the country. It is a pleasure and the country’s honor to accept foreigners as visitors and build genuine

relationships and friendship with them.

Every country has its differing values, and the Philippines is no exception. One thing that stands out

the most about Filipinos is their Hospitality between people from other countries, it has been long term

relationship and it grew even more because it gets praised from people who experience it. Many

foreigners throughout the years have been fond of the Filipinos because they greet you with a warm

welcome when you visit the country. If you go and look at the social medias, there has been tons of

documentaries or even vlogs about the Philippines and its people that solidifies the praise we get, and

their opinions is actually true. And an important reminder is that you need to have the positivity, optimism

and humor so that you can get along with each other.

As we all know Hospitality is a Filipino trait that is known everywhere. The Filipinos being hospitable

makes the culture of the country outstandingly distinct. It is never taught to an individual because it just

naturally comes from within, and when it comes to foreigners who visit our country, we Filipinos always

try to accommodate them and make them feel welcome in our country and to not be disrespected as an

individual. An article that I found about an American’s perspective about Filipino Hospitality said “Filipino
Hospitality goes beyond the friendly treatment of guests or a warm welcome into their home. It is Filipinos

welcoming you to their family or in other words, becoming a part of the Filipino Family.” This statement

proves that our Hospitality towards foreigners who visit our country is getting the recognition it deserves

since we are doing a good job at it. Rest assured, you are bound to get your share of warmth by the

Filipinos when you visit the country.

RESPECT FOR ELDERS

Respecting elders has always been part of our identity or tradition.

A Filipino child is taught to respect older people or family by greeting them and showing a gesture by

taking the older relative's hand and placing it on his or her own forehead to express profound respect for

the elder called “mano po.”

We also have a wide array of references to older people (such as ate, kuya, tita, tito, lolo, and lola)

One of the very important words that a younger person must not miss out on is the word ‘po’ or ‘opo’

because forgetting to address older people properly will regard them as rude and impolite.

Although there are a lot of ways to show respect, we should always show respect to elders not just by

addressing them but by helping, taking care of them and having a respectful conversation with them.

CLOSE FAMILY TIES

Filipinos maintain a tight relationship with their families regardless of the children are old enough and
already have families of their own

family reunions are a common thing for Filipinos

extended families exemplify that it's their center, while a nursing home is not practiced

Extended Family (Stach Philippines, 2017)

are one or more bloodlines living in a house, compound, or community; they genuinely take care of each

other as long as they are somewhat biologically connected

even after marriage, the couple tends to stick to either of their bloodlines' homes

CHEERFUL PERSONALITY

Filipinos have been smiling and laughing a lot and this has been a coping strategy for Filipinos especially

during hardships and calamities, maintain a positive outlook in life which makes them resilient.

SELF-SACRIFICE

Self-sacrificing is an extension to Filipino hospitality.

Filipinos extend their help to their friends and loved ones.

They even go to the extent of working abroad to earn more money and save up for them.
Overseas Filipino Workers(OFW) sacrificed a lot that’s why they are regarded as the modern day Filipino

heroes.

BAYANIHAN

Is a Filipino word derived from the word bayan meaning town, nation, or community in general. It

literally means, “being a bayan,” and is thus used to refer to a spirit of communal unity and cooperation.

It is also a Filipino core value that inspires the community to be living heroes to each other. It is not

the celebration of the strengths of an individual mighty hero, but is the practice of helping a kababayan, a

member of the community who is in need, and it showcases what Filipinos can do together. Bayanihan is

also known as tulongan or damayan, a system of mutual help and concern which has become the backbone

of family and village throughout the Philippine archipelago. It may also be expressed as pagkakaisa and the

people who get together or unite to execute a job are the magbabayani.

Bayanihan during the time when most Filipinos lived in nipa huts is referred to as the cooperative

spirit of neighbors carrying a hut or house to a new location. But In today’s age, the term has been

adopted to refer to local civil efforts; regular Filipinos working together to uplift fellow compatriots.

Bayanihan as an example of this would be Brigada Eskwela which was enacted during the time of

President Ramos, which is a nationwide voluntary effort that was first established in 2003. A program of

DepEd which aims to address resource gaps faced by the Department through strengthening partnerships

with local communities. The program mobilizes and brings together thousands of parents, alumni, civic

groups, local businesses, non-government organizations, teachers and individuals who volunteer their

time and skills to do classroom repairs, maintenance work, and clean-up of public elementary and
secondary schools.

"BAHALA NA" ATTITUDE

One of the most commonly used phrases in the Philippines is bahala na. This phrase has been so

overused that it is sometimes used as a natural reaction. When Filipinos are unable to decide their next

course of action or have no idea what will happen next, they commonly say "Bahala na." They say it as if

all they want to do is go with the flow, regardless of the consequence.

“Bahala Na” is the Filipino version of the famous line Hakuna Matata which means "no worries".

Hakuna Matata is a Swahili phrase that means "there are no difficulties,"

Hakuna = "there's not here"

Matata = "problems or troubles”

Hakuna Matata can be translated as "all is fine" or "everything is alright."

The phrase “Bahala na” originated from "Bathala na"

Bathala means God and the phrase means leaving everything to God's hand.

It can also be viewed as something similar to the cheerful and positive attitude of Filipinos and allowing

situations to take care of themselves instead of worrying about them.

The Filipinos' pag-asa is an extension of their bahala na attitude, which encourages them to rely on the

future positively rather than negatively.

It becomes a coping mechanism in the face of risky activities. This attitude is evidence of a deterministic

mindset from this perspective.

COLONIAL MENTALITY

Colonial mentality is defined as the perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority and a form of internalized
racial oppression.

This is one of the negative traits that we are viewed as.

It is regarded as the lack of patriotism or supporting one’s own nationality.

This does not only concern goods, but the desire to look more foreign than local and keep up with foreign
beauty trends are included.

It is attributed to the centuries of colonization Filipinos had experienced under the Spanish, American,

and Japanese rule.

One good illustration could be by watching too much foreign drama series like Korean drama or Hollywood
movie, Filipino people tend to unnoticed the adaption of others’ culture and way of behaving.

MANANA HABIT

Filipino term for procrastination

originated from the Spanish word "mañana," which means tomorrow

the delay of priorities to do other activities or simply in Filipino phrase "mamaya na"

a bad habit

passed down to the current generation to the current generation by the Spaniards (Ron Arabit, 2013)

TYPES OF PROCRASTINATION (ARABIT,2013)

Structured Procrastinator

prioritizes wanted activities instead of needed to do tasks

Active Procrastinator

rushes tasks within the last minute

Couch Potato Procrastinator

does leisurely activities for the rest of the day such as watching TV, reading a non-academic novel,
browsing the internet, etc.
NINGAS KUGON

Ningas- flame

Kugon- Cogon grass

The attitude of eagerly staring things, but quickly losing eagerness soon after experiencing difficulty just

as fast as the fire ignited.

Laziness- common problem of the Filipinos that’s why they are regarded as “Juan Tamad” or “Lazy

Juan.”

PRIDE

Is an assertion that the people and culture should promote the interest of the Philippines by

developing and maintaining a national identity based on largely shared characteristics such as language,

race, religion or political goals. It is also when Filipino consider the success of Philippine citizens or

foreigners of Philippine descent–such as boxer Manny Pacquiao, chess prodigy Wesley and so on, as a

national achievement since they were able to accomplish things with they’re amazing talent like being

on national television broadcast.

People’s notions of “Pinoy Pride,” after all, often stems from a long history of Pinoy humiliation of

being told we were second class, alongside being exploited and held back to such an extent that our

inferiority seemed natural. People have looked at international validation as a way to affirm their sense

of national worth and by accepting Pinoy pride, we reinforce the power of others to validate us,

unwittingly perpetuating our marginality. The foreign validation that stems from our pride is exploited by

unscrupulous entities, such as those who extract huge fees for children and adults alike to participate in

some international event, or get some foreign certificate. And because, in turn, the resentment for this

“foreign validation” is then capitalized on by racists who insists on a narrow definition of what constitute

is.

Pride as we know is a trait that almost all Filipinos have, it is sometimes viewed as corrupt or as a

vice, sometimes as a proper or a virtue. We have something called Pinoy Pride, it promotes the Filipino

national identity and shared characteristics and exhibits the country’s race and culture only when a

Filipino athlete or beauty queen takes the international spotlight. It may seem positive on the surface to

others but in reality, it can be unhinged and misplaced because of the superiority complex that we show

towards one another.

CRAB MENTALITY
Crabs, as we all know, are a type of sea creature or seafood that is commonly found around

seashores, and Talangka is a little crab. When you put a lot of crabs/talangka in a container, you'll notice

that they all want to climb to the top, with one crab dragging down the other to be in his place, and only

a few of them are able to escape and survive. Just like crabs in a container, Filipinos pull each other

down and ruin each other's reputation rather than bringing them up, which results in no progress.
Crab Mentality is a toxic trait among Filipinos where one resents the achievement of

another instead of feeling happy for that person.

This is one of the negative traits of Filipinos. This mindset occurs when someone desires to

always be the greatest, to be the highest of all, and to believe that no one can compare

to his thoughts and abilities.

They have a motto in life of…”Why should you have it, if I can't?”

Filipinos should change this troublesome attitude and focus more on their own inadequacies

in order to improve one's self.

Signs that a person has a Crab Mentality:

1.They are too proud of themselves and treat others as inferior

beings.

You can sense a breeze of arrogance from people with crab mentality. When they earn

some achievements of their own, whether big or small, they brag it to everyone to

position themselves higher from the rest of the Filipinos. And that is why they will

always look down on you, especially if you’re a Filipino who came from the province or a

“probinsyano/probinsyana”. They can be racist to their own race, the Filipinos.

2. They panic when their comrades are happy and improving.

Aside from arrogance, you can also smell envy, jealousy and bitterness from these

kinds of people. They freak out when the people they look down on are rising or

progressing beyond them. It gives them a terrible feeling of insecurity. That’s why they

will try to pull them down, either by harsh words or by unkind actions.

3. They are full of positivity for themselves but full of negativity for others.

They only see the good things in themselves, but they’re blind when it comes to their

negative characteristics. When it comes to how they view other people, it becomes the

opposite. They only see the bad things of other people while they’re blind to their

positivedeeds.
4. They treat their comrades as competitors.

It seems like the words unity and cooperation are not in their vocabulary. They

always treat other Filipinos as competitors instead of teammates. You can find this kind

of person everywhere. In a basketball team, in your office, and even in a cooperative

organization, they could be there.

5. They don’t know a thing about compassion.

Compassion is a great virtue that enables us to understand the feelings of other

people. But people with crab mentality lack compassion. They are inconsiderate and

ignorant of the many people they are offending. They only care for themselves.

FILIPINO TIME

punctuality is a rare thing to Filipinos

they have this common attitude of arriving late at commitments, dinner, or parties especially if they are

meeting someone close to them

Filipinos refer to being late as Filipino time

it spanned from the Spanish era when siesta was brought to the Philippines; even though Filipinos know

the World Standard Time, they would still proceed to continue on their own time (Tin Valerio, 2016)

Siesta (Valerio, 2016)

means taking a nap in the midday, which may result in being late in meet-ups of occasions and other

social activities

FILIPINO MARKERS

PROVERBS OR SALAWIKAIN

Proverbs are traditional sayings or concise expressions of fundamental principles used by Filipinos based

on local culture, wisdom, philosophies from Filipino life/

It conveys a lesson and reflection on Filipino practices, beliefs, and traditions.

It corresponds to the word salawikain, kasabihan or saying.

Proverbs are utilized to emphasize a point or a thought of reasoning: the Filipino philosophy.

Six categories of Filipino Proverbs according to Damiana L. Eugenio:

a. Proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life and the laws that govern life

b. Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices;

c. Proverbs expressing a system of values;

d. Proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human nature;

e. Humorous proverbs; and

f. Miscellaneous proverbs

SUPERSTITIONS

Filipinos also subscribe to their own set of superstitions passed down from generation to generation. Some

of these beliefs may be influenced by beliefs from other cultures, but Filipinos have retold these
superstitions

according to their own experiences and they sometimes end up even more interesting. Superstitions that
hold to

ancient beliefs and traditions are still popular in today's Filipino culture. Some may be humorous, while
others

may be strange. According to an article, superstitions originate from the belief that most early Filipinos
worshiped

many gods, creatures, and spirits. They worship them through a variety of rituals, sacrifices, and practices.

Religious beliefs and customs in the Philippines have shifted from animism to Christianity as a result of the

country's long history of colonization. Filipino superstitions continue to have an impact on everyday life,
ranging

from fortune, love, and marriage to family, disease, and death, despite the union of animism and
Christianity

Some examples of most common superstitious beliefs in the Philippines:

A woman singing while cooking will end up spinster according to a Filipino superstition so parents

remind their daughters to avoid singing while preparing their meals.

Filipinos also avoid taking picture in threes as the one in the center is said to die, according to another

superstition.

Siblings should not marry within the same year

*This superstition is called “sukob” and advises against siblings marrying within the same year as it is

said to divide the luck between the two marriages. Another type of sukob advises against marriages

within the same year as the death of an immediate family member. Pushing to do so is considered bad

luck.

Serve pancit (noodles) at celebrations, especially birthdays

*This ever-present dish at Filipino gatherings is believed to represent long life. It remains a staple at

nearly every birthday feast.

MYTHS AND LEGENDS

Myths is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk

religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. It attempts to explain the nature

of the world through the lives and actions of heroes, deities (referred to as anito or diwata in some

ethnic groups), and mythological creatures.

The indigenous religions of the Philippines developed through a variety of migration phases and

trade routes. Scholars theorized that Austronesians arrived through the “Out of Taiwan model”, where

Homo sapiens from mainland Asia crossed Taiwan, and later the Philippines, until furthering to other
islands south of the Philippines. The Austronesians are believed to have brought complex animist beliefs
with shamanism, ancestor worships, totemism, and tattoo artistry. The beliefs and malevolent spirits
was also established by their arrival. By 200 to 300 CE, Hindu mythologies arrived in some area of the
Philippines about a variety of superstitions which gradually established more complex indigenous
polytheistic religions through trade routes and more waves of ethnic migrations.
Each ethnic group in the Philippines has its own set of stories depicting their mythical heroes,
notably through oral traditions such as epics and verbal poems. The oral tradition or literature (also
known as folk literature) consists of stories that have been or still are being passed down from one
generation to another through oral means such as verbal communications. Many of these stories have
now been published in scholarly works and books by various folkloristic and anthropological scholars and
researchers throughout the country. And we also have written literature that is a part of oral tradition
that has been committed to writing in the form of manuscripts or publications. The publication of these
books ranged from the 16th century to the 21st century. There are also printed but unpublished sources
of Philippine mythologies. Specific written literature should not be used as a generalizing asset of a
particular story, as stories differ from town to town or village to village, despite the people of a
particular area belonging to the same ethnic group. Some examples are the story of Bakunawa and the
Seven Moons and the story of the Tambanokano, which have multiple versions depending on the
locality, origin story, and cultural progression.
HEROES AND ICONS
Filipino Heroes
serve as a reminder of true patriotism and nationalism as they have sacrificed their lives for the sake of

their country’s freedom and progress on the last Monday of August, Filipinos celebrate the National Heroes'
Dac
Rizal Day (December 30) that commemorates the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, the National Hero of the
Philippines

Famous Filipino Icons

also serve as important Filipino markers as they have made the Filipino name more pronounced worldwide
through their expertise
Filipinos such as our very own Jose Rizal, Manny Pacquiao, Lea Salonga, the more widely known nowadays,
Bretman Rock, and many more.

HOW TO BE A GOOD FILIPINO

BE AN ACTIVE FILIPINO CITIZEN

Be aware of the current events and participate in government programs.

Exercise your right to vote.

STUDY THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

The road of the Philippine history is long and bloody.

One way to be a good Filipino is to know one’s person own history.
It gives us a greater understanding of our stand today.
Through learning and fully understanding the events of the Philippine history, a person would know the
importance of loving one’s country with their life, extend help to fellow Filipinos in need, and recognize
abuse of political power.

Lesson 5 Digital SELF, WHO AM I IN THE Cyberworld

1. Define online identity;

2. Compare real identity versus online identity;
3. Describe the influence of Internet on sexuality and gender;
4. Discuss the proper way of demonstrating our values and attitude online.

It has only been 25 years since Tim Berners - Lee made the World Wide Web available to the public, but in
that time, the internet has already become an integral part of everyday life for the most of the world's
population. Almost two-thirds of the world's population now has a mobile phone. More than half of the
world's web traffic now comes from mobile phones. More than half of all mobile connections around the
world are now "broad band." More than one in five of the world's population online in the past 30 days.
Media users in the Philippines grew by 12 million or 25% while the number of mobile social users increased
by 13 million or 32%. Those growth figures are still higher compared to the previous year. More than half
the world now uses a smartphone.
ONLINE IDENTITY
is the sum of our characteristics and our interaction. PARTIAL IDENTITY is a subset of characteristics that
make up our identity. Meanwhile persona is the partial identity we create that represents ourselves in a
specific situation.

Selective Self-Presentation and Impression Management

According to Goffman (1959) and Leary (1995), self-presentation is the "Process of Controlling how one is
Perceived by other people" and is the key to relationship inception and development. To construct positive
images, individuals selectively provide information about them and carefully cater this information in
response to other's feedback.

Anything posted online should be considered "Public" no matter what our "Privacy" setting are. PERSONAL
IDENTIT is the interpersonal level of self which differentiates the individual as unique from others. SOCIAL
IDENTITY is the level of self whereby the individual is identified by his or her group membership.

BELK (2013) explained that sharing ourselves is no longer new and has been practiced as soon as human
being formed. Digital devices help us share information broadly, now than ever before. In older Family
albums, the photographer was not often represented in the album (Mendelson and Papacharissi 2011),
whereas with arm’s length photos, they are necessarily included.

As Schwarz (2012) mentioned, we have entered an extraordinary era of self-portraiture. Blogs and web
pages have been continually used for greater self-reflection and self-presentation Facebook and other social
media application are now a key part of self-presentation for one sixth of humanity. As a result, researchers,
and participants become concerned with activity managing identity and reputation and to warn against the
phenomenon of "over sharing". Many teenagers, as well as adults, share even more intimate details with
their partners like their passwords (Gershon 2010). This could be an ultimate act of intimacy and trust or the
ultimate expression of paranoia and distrust with partners. This condition has been called "Fear of Missing
Out". People would like to remain updated, and they keep on sharing themselves online because it adds a
sense of confidence at their end especially if others like and share their post. One of the reasons for so
much sharing and self-disclosure online is the so called "Disinhibition Effect” (Ridley 2012: Suler 2004.) the
lack of face-to-face gaze-meeting, together with feelings of anonymity and invisibility, gives people the
freedom for self-disclosure but can also “flame” others and may cause conflict sometimes. The resulting
disinhibition causes people to believe that they can express their “true self” better online than they ever
could in face-to-face context [Taylor 2002]. However, it does not mean that there is a fixed “true self.” The
self is still a work in progress, and we keep on improving and developing ourselves every single day.
Seemingly self-revelation can
therapeutic to others especially if it goes together with self-reflection (Morris et al. 2010.) But it does
appear that we now do a large amount of our identity work online. When the Internet constantly asks us
“Who are you” and “What do you have to share?”, it is up to us if we are going to provide answers to such
questions/ queries every time we use the internet and do what extent are going to share details ourselves
to others. Many of us share the bad, embarrassing, and lustful things we experience. We also react and
comment on the negative experiences of others. Sometimes we empathize with people.

We also argue w/ others online. Relationships may be made stronger or broken through posts online. Blogs
and social media are the primary digital for a on which such confessions, occur, but they can also be found
in photo- and video sharing sites where blunders and bad moments are also preserved and shared
(Strangelove 2011). According to M. Foucault, confessing our secret truths feels freeing, even as it binds us
in a guilt-motivated self-governance born of a long history.

According to Foucault`s (1998) Confession along with contemplation, self-examination learning, reading,
and writing self- critical letters to friends, are a part of the “technologies of the self” through which we seek
to purge and cleanse ourselves. Despite the veil of invisibility, writers on the internet write for an unseen
audience (Serfaty 2004). Both the number and feedback of readers provide self-validation for the writer and
a certain celebrity (O` Regan 2009). Confessional blogs may also be therapeutic for the audience to read,
allowing both. Sincere empathy and the voyeuristic appeal of witnessing a public confession (Kitzmann
2003). Thus, we should have a filtering system to whatever information we share online, as well as to what
information we believe in, w/c are being shared or posted by others online. In the same way, we should
also think before we post or share in order to prevent conflict, arguments, and cyber bullying and to
preserve our relationships w/ others. Gender and Sexuality Online According to Marwick (2013), the term
“sex”, “gender” and “sexuality” are often thought of as synonymous, they are actually quite distinct.

The differences b/w the common understandings of these terms and how researchers think about them
yield insights about the social functioning of gender. SEX is the biological state that corresponds to what we
might call a “man” or a “woman”. While “sex” is often explained as biological, fixed, and immutable, it is
actually socially constructed (West and Zimmerman 1987). Gender- is the social understanding of how sex
should be experienced and how sex manifests in behavior, personality, preferences, capabilities and so
forth. A person with male sex organs is expected to embody a muscular gender. While sex and gender are
presumed to be biologically connected, we can understand a socio culturally specific set of norms that are
mapped onto a category of “sex” (Kessler and Mc Kenna 1978, Lorber 1994). Gender is historical. It is
produced by media and popular culture. It is taught by families, schools, peer groups, and nations states
(Goffman 1977). It is reinforced through songs, sayings, admonition, slang, language, fashion, and discourse
(Cameron 1998; Cameron and Kulick 2003), and it is deeply ingrained. Sexuality is an individual expression
and understanding of desire. While like gender, this is often viewed as binary (homosexual or heterosexual),
in reality, sexuality is often experienced as fluid.

Performing Gender Online

Theorist Judith Butler (1990) conceptualized gender as a performance. She argued that gender was
performative in that it is produced through millions of individual actions rather than something that comes
naturally to men and women. According to the disembodiment hypothesis, Internet users are free to
actively choose which gender or sexuality they are going to portray with the possibility of creating alternate
identities (Wynn and
Katz 1997). Social Media sites like Twitter and YouTube have led to the emergence of a “free culture” where
individuals are empowered to engage to engage in cultural production using raw materials, ranging from
homemade videos to mainstream television characters to create new culture of memes, mashups, and
creative political activism allows for civic engagement and fun creative acts. While Digg, 4chan, and Reddit
are used mostly by men, most social network site users are women; this is true in Facebook, Flickr, Live
Journal, Tumblr, Twitter, and YouTube (Chappell 2011; Lenhart 2009; Lenhart et al.2010)

Setting Boundaries to your Online Self: Smart Sharing The ff

. guidelines will help you share information online in a smart way that will protect yourself and not harm
others. Before posting or sharing anything online, consider the ff. 1. Is this post / story necessary 2. Is there
a real benefit to this post? Is it funny, warm- hearted, teachable-or am I just making noise online without
purpose? 3. Have we (as a family or parent/ child) resolved this issue? An issue that is still being worked out
at home, or one that is either vulnerable or highly emotional, should not be made public. 4. Is it
appropriate? Does it stay within the boundaries of our family values? 5. Will this seem as funny in 5, 10, 15
yrs.? Or is this post better suited for sharing with a small group of family members? Or maybe not at all?

Rules to Follow
Here additional guidelines for proper sharing of information and ethical use of the Internet according to
New (2014)
• Stick to safer sites
• Guard your passwords
•Limit what you share
• Remember that anything you put online post on a site is there forever, even if you try to delete it. •Do
not be mean or embarrass people online
•Be choosy about your online friend
•Be patient