Pewee Eve cronies Bhagave Sangam Acct Prope High ve rage, suppl dor luk oo Shae pect pttalon & al aprcaton eke 6) Power supple do Lorom Unt ation system Exleprone errhanger, LAU oyster es Home eppliantes tuck cu vefigevalore» reashing mactines » vate Gort, fant oft claanem o mineds, rooking orp B Commer tat wage for advectierng, battery clearges» com Puen phote a rdlevaton el OS Rutorotive Wogt Her alarm delerly cysCiny eleetete vebrut 10) medical las wioge Atte taset povoee suepplens sneditcal Pnitrumentetcnn be uy Autos pax field Like Rts eva te poser fyeteor + Spare Welicle fouw sein + SOLU pore ayiien : Ya) SofA skeG& power Compentatow , states contaclors, CantdonnacPowe Senuonditer Devices 7%, 1454, victor; SCR Wet Tovertid (duveloped. Ut 1470, cart wour eadturvety tucd ty taduchial a pplitat Aye Chal Various davicts wut devctoped and Commmetetaltg Ove Lobl aa a4 od Shows the class eeation of The Powe henteonduel one pnacle e eltier gelivon B LP oon Car btde Daicee Sf davus ou conde uy 8 6tQcon- Te out essthed WO 2 F pe DH. Powe cltrode» 2S Fransic lou 3) 6 bow Thue ole fortes cevidad a into 56 Spe SB Pown atoder 2) Thydtste r 2) Pow brvolos Sanckien teanester (@57) W Powe metal extce fentCondule Fred e pest Lanier = = CmMocren, re prpotec Conte 0485) ) cord Statin induction tonwele (ITs) > Wantc@n have Ape forcGens and See have & po fou ee se r—C—C“C“CrrCLrrFLLL ama t veath condurtien Bands 7 Bo, Ste based deviar usttn stand foe baghn ve age aud Leneperaliore s flan arlcon Counter parts Le davitts Can Rave Cant emensfon ar teat of Se devtes Ard cor wetthstand wD Het: nom vettage 7 Ge davies ce Vinh tere Heteknese Hoan Oe devices and Carey, Same Vn CF caerPower Semiconductors —— = Silicon Sticon Carbide t ‘ Trane Diodes Transitions — Diodes "| [_ Transistors] —S Schottky-Diode i | [Sons bioce Thyrstor for aT ay u | Phase Controf | = J88.Diode Expiaxie Fast Thyrstor em \ | —— | pawoseer antes Doub al Diffused Diode emer esi roles i . Hegh oukpus N-channete Conducting §— dy ttere cotton ductor 3 Enhancement a Porou & Raw Conventional S-FET Cool-Mos P-Channel- Enhancement IcBT | = Low Vers High Speed Fig. Y@ Classification of state-of-the-art power semiconductors Nate bebden PAN d, mnoterials Symmetric ‘Asymmetric Reverse Conducting | Asymmetric ‘Reverse Conducting is = °°" wer ©” | GB Today: Low importance on Marketa er @. | ca He Tat ' a rN "6 staie Ynbasion thugs a perk SE ae sun pp Ips pt = mos contadled #4 (oas) met pipid wliee = ne ne rat yen < , y sruladeh gate se ie ‘| We Meares Gigaah mld aut ‘Es ¥ ele o ‘ TranGatos Vou wm ra 4, a os ° a) aot Stodie ineuchen ot 4 ok, “Hamuakd . 7 Ys Seg 8. Chotartertilia aud Sgmlact Of pow Citronic oleviwaCen fee Seto een eet tice Swath cling duovtts ou elattfiea en tae baste ots . €g: YN Untentetid Germ -on & uncontylicd tivar OFF (dredey 2) Contgothd Gam-on 2 ancontretted Cam- off Eqs SCR Plbas Mesres, GT. ciTH, Fear , aw) 5) Contollid tam on £ conbolud fim-ofF a Corfe nuowr Got stgnst Reguivemeat Casty roster, Lear set) Pitre aot Pequdye ont (scR, Gf. meg) S Ergot vottege Wh tanding eopatn ity Cece. Gte) Sy # Uvtpolar ve rage | cap otnlli Cast, moseet, Qte, SGRT, Mer) ® Be dteecGonal eument copale | Crerac, eet) VW Unkdtverona Cuwent Capabt lity (ace, Gro, BIT. moster, Met, Fear, STH, SIT | Diode) Note Rer- Prvevce Con dasatiog Taga TRING = Frtede for obtinneting uamat MeT ~ Moe Contrelicd on BY STH - Shek An gluection Flurry slo SIT = Oats Tadlection Tanitelo Gt - Get tum-ort a| | | | | | semteonducht | \ Powex Doves: wi Giver os. teaumed tn most the Crowe tonveabers, Pou diode & uncontsolled dota? has are 3 fyper g Pores Aeoder The Nau tokens cy Genaal purpose diode : B get Om These Aiodes fave Nish Reverse Recovety te, abouk B¢fs flence thie diode ose wed tn tod speed. applications such ac fecbiptene and convatiArr, Shey cow oprrats, uple thy . hese hatinas Oa fiom 14 /Sov +45 1000 A / Sov, by Fask tecowsy dlioder : Shere diodes fave the teverse frcouay time late fhon Sar. Glens these diodes ake used in high epee applicator such ax choppers and invatarn Thee dtoder have Ratings fom sassov fe loon/ sky Giiy Gchottey A tocles Pnode Gn shottky droder, the_pa. junchto giles a, mubol %s ec gemitonducth | Natmatly alumni. | 7 1 \ te atimirabedl A+ placed hireetly os shoo ft cum (AL) te devo -condueld.. Jt on. Aebype seri ‘4 anode ond te! Sence, thate ie | x | small sisi bchong phequenczes. She shotthy tow voltage constr os gerdiback and dex Tene tate foc (es oMfode & yedure The Fevers Currtnt Ur airo token yerrg Gre forward bio t revecte bras rathodke no pn junchton. t abrent. dlerwe, duar Hence, schotthy de ace De weverse ve covey fate (ie) Bowe_leyaistor Famiry 5 s Shee ote ugh types Povo. devices tn TAyatsbo family « they Ose, 1. Siltcon orttolleck suckipiers (ser) a. Gote tuan-o5 thyateto C@TO) @. Peverse conducling Thyrete. CRerd pw Static taductton thyarto (S2TH) s Gote astebedt tutn- gg thywreth Cgarr) 6 ye 8 teht activated ecltcor consoled hecltged. CLASCRD mos ~contkolled thygict, (Met) TRAC Out @ all there deview, Seg wv He mort commonly | | used Thynsstet t alld techs (SCR) © L2ltcon coll Figg il finade (A) At. } rr] a br ' evs ,oPl* 5 Got ir} i t@ ie - x} see 08-Sck oye Cathode CKI : ee fi ~ See feng by Sndearal elauchare Be See on She thie deamincle 9 see ans node CH) : Cathode Ck) IPN 96 shown fa pie py functors Inside the scp. i } | @ Symbol i i i ‘ i¢+— ~ aa on @ | dhe anode ip macle paursve ott Kecpect to cathed. | Tha called pdword Sas on the Ser f= @ small postive Volbage i applied bebuwreen gete | ano cathode to tum on the See. | 7 Athen the sce ix tusred ov, they cuttent plover } por anode. to cathode tm -the ser. i One the see te tuined om, the gate har no contto Love the conduction see, Eva the gate Barve” | is gamoved, Sc2 doce not tua gg. lo The eer tusne 54 tohenevaa the wacent pole fe gue She cussent and the volbage cRosackesestree g See ¢ i t f, - f ots OF Shower ft © 1 | @ Gate honigs tyrislt C670) + sae j 14 \ { | - 4 aon oe re car Symbol 4 370 670% similos fo sce, bub Con be tuaned gp by the ate tuminal by applying wwe gate pubee. onttol over the conduction GTO. Gate has pull contkol ove, 5 aA b I ato tx os shown fe py Car, he daeart symbol f Foe ee Chen chnverlion 000 -the pe bod dabrge a ghus gro gion the convintionad Chg eon 7 GTO te duane on by tve gale pulie and shen the tngud te given 4 Gro do not Mguere | | | | wirmutabren etaeuit.——— a ce the @7 g the 470 ake ac chown In > GTO, axe ued gh ow pow application She ate deve tuted go dusn-oys te vety Lotge flonee “the daive cinutt G Gro kaguines mole poet. Geotic induction: thyncsht (SETH) : stra can be tuned a5 by applying ‘ys ive. Chua pate hes gull conltol conduction Ge sera the, do not tguike any tammutakton cian Fata) shows the 6 q strH cher = «fl, chosockristics & ase timslor to “those bot medfum power @ Symbool 5 SIT fg 470. Ty of uc © convu.b er qadoutds, an ® lt 7 fn antipes i re} } 7 dt has thy 4 | cL rot (eee cspabstiy) AP S pied tn. tevsce detect le = They ode uced chops. and invttal soughe @) Symbol _g Rer (@) TRIAS. cy—— a 3 TR | | | | I i 1 ' 1 gupply inpul TRIACS Oe -tuane tac can be conrideecl ax anttracal tonduoh in both, the ditechtons got? ot hae ‘rng ni eta) shows the symbol, toutvalent? cineuit and vee chorackecetics g TRAC tence au ued ph heat contac! Cht contol , moté control and sinrilos applteations whreh ute AC ; % by bene communtentior wthe Be supply. They ore not suitable pk highly” ° inductioe loads te { fe. TRine ton rang daminal postive Mt teaminal > TRAC ‘ow / negelive va, G) VE chatoebuisher 5 TRIAC. © Light aclivated sce C2AscR) 2 Aoate (4) . Jb Gote c4) —T Cathode (2 { Pte WY @ Symbol 9! hy V2 chatackerrstics g taser—— ee ee 2 She taser can be tuned [> dhe gate tt photo cen light gol: on ft a Fe (or shows the symbol % Lasce and Bi chovas | the vel Chosactearelies % Laser [4 dasce provide uolation between the pater and dere ceil (hy parsers ose uced in dlvoe feanemseren ight signal and” gee dusne on then fn a @ 2108 — Cordettsd thy : ny Te mer can be tutned on by rigative 3 voltoge to the. pete. ord tt can be 44 datnad 35 by voltage : a i } i | k b> Mets have Lowa pow fabings than gto and SETH Syebot yer > Fe shows thy symbol q Mor, Me va | | chatheletrciecs ake \\ l | | i \ i | Transisror Fr dhe porwr dowices tn Peansentol family ose as polos, t Bipolar Janthor taneteto C8Ir) Metol oxide semiconductor geld iygect fiansrcte (mosrer) Fngutatecl goto bepolar transiebt (Zee a 3. Geatic induction thansretor Gtr) @ Powe BIT: Collector CO Collect C2) tout —{ | vata LL 4 Evctle. (EY sentta (8) opmeSomien AOraNEREEST: chy Synge. oF PNP BIT 3 " wt wea Rw fues* cont | Beane SE yh Mees Pameey Beene Do Neca > Veet Yee ge Bea 4 (Wee cureut) cHasncressries of npa BIT Weg BVH (eure) cunsnerewsties oF npa RIT. °so dhe teantlt. has thaw teminaly, cotlectot, base ad C¢ tmatis.. The bare % the tnput tuminal, the collect x the output fumiaal and the mittee common betveer ingut ond oulp a fe rolmally opsabh as a eattel in Pre common unttar congigurations. by he cteautl eymubol pat onpre BUT and pnp BIT te ae L bhown tn the py and (b) setpeetively. $9 Co. ghows the i fagut characheacstsee ark pga) shows the ve output | cherackettstics g the npn goot BIT 3 Prpolar teansiefots ase cuminl conteoltect devices That tondtol the amount % cureenk gloustng Theoyst thom acting Ike a curtent “contiolled “brortch. i She gRireiple @ operation the two tansebots Par ard Non te éxactly “the some the only Axsetonce beng fe Thee brasirg and “the -polasity g Th ph each type g © polosity g The Powe supply @ Pais _Mose Drain (0) Daain (99 wot Gt yp o |" a douse (5) aes (a) Symoor oF n- CHANNEL capone b Ik Ves Co) Input Characteristics Ther ote tio typer a Moseer : eee fy n-channel moste wy pechanne thet etcuit Be Grou tn, pyty ke Ourte ——>i | Region . , ' t | i | Lar She mosfet te a trae taminal devite, the gate, deatn and source. She tnpul taminal gate Conttols the plow \ quent betwen “The outpub feemnale goutce (Cs) ancl dear CD? o te gate Cg) ts L fan the channel by a there | onide loys Mo ’s a voltage conbsolle Devite i> MosreT te mode. and enhancement | mode vasiante ls mosrers ate ucec | applications, such ac micoprorensie, lagic integated exe ett suttches and are pliysees She tap and. outpuf cheoracksrsties ¢ n-clannel | enhancement mode. a and. Ho? Raper ty ve ax Shown Mm the gy ceCollected £¢) re Emitter. (ED (a) Syeor of 2687 coo Tvur_cnann evegist ies Ihe Vea "oer Ves > Masa * Vesa > Vass iF Laat ae volt trhetently 40 i Ohe dave and nuip 7 papas Daw 8 ae cutent andl Peequencees 100V , oor, & dhe help 9 a voltage on ee eeCc Lebron. Ss @)_Symeo Most Meee Vas > Masa ch Inpor cHarecteristics > A polite wduchon fequency Levice Low Aseboilion anc noire, fo te a hgh 1 ‘to a Jfer. oe FUL powe- fig St har Lovo capabils lib <> dhe turn on ard tum ace tirrce age veey chad 0.08 jag typi ally a dhe ustent and biitch as 6 bas S11 ean be upls taoov, 3004 fey| ! i | fiepueney be Ute hist Be: Fudio, 6 fequerey 9 and mictowave Arnplegreae @ Conroe sq See 2 & Ser. Ag shosn in a teeoughe Lod nctoss sitive votbope Vy és applied Fre) shows the gigcnd posite vel onod— cathode across gate-cat Ts anode volloge tusns on the ScR ve thon ile cathode voltageOnce a oi ee tke o ineenctlive to gate xt te when See the gate loses Fs fonteol ova the device Hence, 1 negative gete pulse doce nok tun gy Che See. Due te thir pRopaty See te also contideud ax “botched dewee” She rye ube can be tuned. OFF by a tevicce bior voltare [Npx <0 clad — ¢eortch @ Conksol chosar < Be epelipeiee eeeaeemencesecmceecl Bose voltage ' Sint on 4s ~ et ‘Tata on Tas OFF ve cudeenl dive te T,20 4 veg pee Ish i) Wavegdins gy 877 She contto! chatac A positive voltage collect and ens de Opptreol £ de shown fn gra Cal_(6) + aough. lood befwreen sicld. the conkeol vol bare lohen base-emitter voltage ts psitne, Sopply volbage Vs Oppeose actos Load when base- enter Rae e Ht, ae ie . ts gao. fee base FR ato gee© Conbiot chaswctaietie y gro and st nnd SIT Gece Puan HR) Gro and siTH o8e OB a fave atmiles. tonteo! | Choon tn I chosnchess oro fs en by applying & portive gate pulee j and gs te 8 ave pulse to the poe. | Whenee Appears ackoss the | bod, phen thy, Soe Ors the Oatpuk voltage ce pea | |ov by applying a sve gote pulse SETH fh tuned OFF got HOhenewee applying a ve pulee to the (rs buined on, -the voltage Vg shart ~the cleviee ts OFF, the Appears — acoss the Load, outpul yolloge te gure 1@ Conkrat _chasactuitis gy Mer: (mos conbrebled Hapa) AN Logat pub @) Cheutt gq mer % | —————_—. h Mo: be P| Oalyut que ieee alee ON aye 0 FF ~~ ~ dn mer, a pp qa 9 mule Coures ? Sb shile a net wh Wowerdenrs g¢ Met caus (Eto futn on | | | | oF vol bage Vy Oppeare “the device is OFF, the outpul ia Whenever MCT fs acess The voltage ts Fi (0) & (4) ahovst crud and conftol chotacbeeredies 4 snct taspectively rand Leer: i@ Conta! cboxat! H he tonite! § as ghown it a Moster and Jepr gee ¥5 noster anol Teer o¢ how fe gis (09 ani fove miler sonkol | chatacters[eee us . ean * ol . Nye. che 4 as shown in betwen votloge tusns te supply vol the MosF i Siem appleed AY positive bupply volh. volfoge deuns Vs Sapa pubie + Gate vollnge | ! € L. | ON oh conunaneeeeaes ce) Klavydine g _MosreT & £4er pohew, waned ot Vs eppeaas ot output toad oFF: Oubput tf 0 wmosFer and Ager ix voltage (Vs) ts applied A) portttve §ote source , brad! voltage te esual soukee voltage 12 gore, pitace fe (a). ve tose DO Be? BY 0) Susply voltage Ve cotlesbet- emtiter g £4 eT, ins on TERT and ¢ bead. Zero fete emitter and load? voltase ig Gero.‘Spe oT _ Town Elatrontc Chri or Te tontret A cluutyie power ot Pewee Condlioniag + (tin Conversion *f eluteke pororr fom One. fore te anstliy To nenssate > The aaa chotottivsisu ef Te pduer cleiis permtt there Con wee Sfers > fla skate pe we Convectk Petform Thate fewnets ome Of forse clutronies} Lonvensions A Convnter may be tonticlered au og mete to Loleteh One O Chu power Seppe Sour tn Gide to Cbhtain The cheitvel eulput vottane Ce ere OL more wotetlss Uemed ON ant conn Rowe eluttont, efreutl Con be chssified tate 6 Spe % Deode Rectifier (un Contretid Rectifiean) D VE Pe Conver ( de choppecs) a pe-at convetin’ (tavertis) AY Ae- Do convertive ( tentrolled Perle frees) 5> Ac Ae Convertess Cae voltage Contvet lees) OS Lt atic Cutt ches % Dtodk Re ctefias Ig 24 ae | Hed 8 Dr 2) Crate Aa cas BD Voltage toave fore > Prods Rectifiers Conver ar voltage tele a find De votbags on ahown #7 Py : as Th pur Supply Te Ue rele fies could be bf MS-Gac supply.3 A Ato Condieh, when th ancds delt & Thee volt nd @ LLL we UG lwep Londlty or, cathoodt vo ad oO forr a ved sea o elvep ay 7 BR deode behav oF tle Open Creit , pohen costhocl vote 7 Lek aa 6 My Cuvrente a Chan, anode and of pea wy cle rest Cane, § Lyre be > gute a pulses pe bur clicatid and Contain hacmonte = Avunge Oud put, eter” de ae, 25 De- DE converte re ( o“ ned votty vette [ined Ovo able De sappy tonvatix vottage De ogy. tar _ \ Lit. Ns * Vee. 14 oy mo old. : Fp Noe he ~ ™ i jt sd ° 4) 7 “Covent atragom bs Veurage Loar fonns. > pe De converte te abo Known as a chotper & Sead aaa f Shown fn t4¢ Th ttre dtagaam pwetun Q, i Gamned oN my giving, Ur 4 aoe Aupply Vge- De sorply Bo wnntetd tr load and oelpue erage i Vo =e DP \ehen Oy G tamed: EFF, by Fe moving Cha ane copy Vge* be Supply, be Supply & olit tonnecad frm Wa load and out. vo Wrage ¥o 70 ee Ae ge eulp lub we tt age Ye Controtlid by Vety tng The . Jo ondurten t Uo ef tare iter By UT tn he cleopping peeseet Yuen, owl Votauny > Vel ty 2 8Vy.3 VE- AL CONVERS (Lrvetleys) Nae oo eee eee | A af - . uy e— — ole Le: . G TT an | ‘ar & LJ Fh vay vas De Ygsx 5 ‘T- ey — LORD 5 2 _ eae — = — ¥a3, Van Me | Mr 4 { 7 : 5 6 Ie 4 ao Te - ot _ _j _—__—_ — 546) Ctrente Dé &Y S Chr eut o-aeom : ann : T]2- {Tv as _ _ 4 Be Non rect Cue ein eee gener eae ener Saad Alken rmtosPeT ml AM, os Gime ON, by oop ging qe Ww Utoge Be PC sage ww troae Vo opps Atrose Tle Load & Vo =tVs 7 Stat louly + When Ploseet Mg k My au Gomed en by apptging qe vet Ne Oppeara Te toad » bur te Spposete divecte ceo ras J Moctet Mid My Wonder io hott of he period: en mm masteT My Amy tondiat to ettuchal: Thus, Che oak put ede ee attr nck rg po ha oelpet voltage Gan be Contvolteel | varied Cin Conduchken time ci Gyansielor > - Sutpuk vo tage Lontates harmontr and can be frtterd out before Sappiging at te the load, A ACH DC Convatin (conta ed Pectifien) IG 36 [rete Pe Vesalstt AC sop py Con vecGive fined De outputTo, Greate Caguarn “wp verege Waveforenas => ‘Trg ar b to B% 3H Ac suppl aver (ob Pew Mates ” Culp GD tle Controtiid pe voltage and arnt — It ab Tag sctors Ax wm OFF stage od can be Lemed-or by preg qt pube a bh vis G 1, & Cumed Oh af a Acree ang x, Aopey yo lr age appear on {lu lood- tags JF, by Caraed OFF at tot “KR” ag oG FT G Grvasd ON af a cult angle teats Rte Negots pak of Cas spy vote age Appean actors fu Load Fo Cle pect ve divelfons Tay ouako mali Cably Camed ofe ar wh 2w > hy defor on Tamed off by notecal tomnurtelion ond no etirael Commatateor cine au vegutved oe average valu o fl eatpet voltege tan be tontotd ky ara Ta tine 4 too and fring ange & tis Te ale known as Controld Realefies 5) AC- Ae Convert. (og utoten verter) acta we | MEAS fregeeney, fined frequented [ Cometiyf Vawalls vettege Ac on pier JY vo teage Wavefonnt Te ts Kared on by C ati vette at wot = for ¥ Ue wot e or OO Cetwrene cuter t w ta boattr ve ia on & flow ty Output fraensy 2 low thar Be uN ee Irequeneg Jey cor alo brown as ar vettade contottey feqetoconverctes? oo - : a Se metals wrsal fe as Barteon Artrer &) Stativ ct, > Pown olevtus can be operotid O%+ chair geoftcher er contact 7 te ey Suppty tf 424 can be eftte Ge ade TP there quettcrer are Known as A cate, Cwiteler & de latte Cutter Appltcations % eas Sethe poses Many od vant eGo OVER neechane cat ond eliitrontclanienl doce brcakeceBae Date Sure — Naum bee * con vee tan) stage ore tanaliyg euteded produce clsarved Sulput > maine teppy on sup pty tS Us lead fhrough state fo pesee gotth — Ac} De tonvertir e4 Rectifrer charges thy battetey frm rata: 7 Pelac provides trans feng pores supply te thy load throug Frolalien Wansfermer > Wain lard 2 connuted fo tha Came ae Supply Converston Types & Symbols: Conver ston Loower Ge Conver a G Bron |» Name Cun dion “Yor boet AL & Vl Rectifier Ac te unt pater a oe cere | cae Dr ee Chopper tonitart DU ts — 4 vattabk De mM es GQ vwartabl DC b& {7 Gnifanst De cana PL ar Trwer tor Det at ef dnsead ofp votcage 4 feguenay |= Dé te Ae Ke voltage fe daiteed lonventiv ae oe Ferg ucnuy arson Re ~ Cytle Love er pangnt Cade fen om on dyentratuy ae Aewla me Mati te converterVeen ef Power Etertronte eq utperunts the dutan oF Power elcetvonte cqtponenst Con be elevicts In A ports S Durgn of power Crates 2) Pop Bion ef power davies BS PuBemtnateon of control Cera bay AS Duatgn of wate and qn arte Te pow date an arcumed te be Téral, gustfeler Contes Qtalid SKalweme: The Pract od power Amir aad Cnet After fron thue teak vondttiont aud dustan of tia etrudG au ae . te sont a eH duran. te atop tifred analyte ep Te cheaute Ty wen wuefel te undustand The Epeacen ef Ce CEcutE aynd t artablith Te charactor and Control wretay * Before oO pre® & pe Ge Gurlt , me dese a should tv Gac Cu fgets Cf Che ekeeatte Pasatrnetine ancl deve tm Berle clio a a s. perteccon ond gloutd wedity fla are % oman 2 Adlis a Pr @ Gp a butt, tle cert nes peti be about the aria and Um nce acuvaGt con frole. wa 80m, a Ce CEyreeke Parameters fuck As then FadeeCanc. Pe2t Pueeac Ef fens: > The Cpraticns of Ch Powe tonvetine are bated teal On Me sutteleng of power Perrttoncdurtor levees OF OO Fesulle SF Cet Tit converte Mmordurce Came af Vetoes harnconter Bo Cle seppley cu stion and en Cegutput et Cus Converter ae “Tha Cati problinu tue a4 ee vo tage Actor Con Tat fenet Letts The fommunteation and same Cork G dence to vedire Chee harmonies, fettin ae ted at both cto and okput Lonverter. J aseecing \"3 tontre| ct cea enrol a Oo L +4 ad suas power tonreti. a feq oa. chon fhe bloek ctr oe wuatized ee Covenlé 4 open te ¢ cs power ee —~ Tr Aclr te veolve the, Prebtern Cent pherat on feets] % required ty Kuos te Bualily ef Pores ond COnGnG % hovmor 9 fla Can be anal Hyd 4 w& Sean tie THtal tanmonic dts @cleen [THs), Harmonte fons LHP) and tu Par powsee Gator [I PF) : Tw fect caw be datty mined by anal ong a vo Lag, tuner Sete 4 fees ime duce olurtre evagaette yadtalion aud Mae geting Chee ils mag Ond peers” ees a ett the hetp 4 7 te Power Convecterd Can cane Packs frag cnc ier" awencots Stanely PA BrCirfperenee Com be avordlid j By Greundedd ehtelRdvantoge ovnd memes (a Pf Pons Cleetwence coutys lees Bee * S Asa lysamnte xe Parse dase te Stole ductus » High dpicercy 8} Cnverston clue B lew Lore to Cactront devius- 2» Comyport stye Ang Kght weight 6] Che Coutwolins olus oS Autronic devtus WwW Thusared Sprateng Ute And riduud nintntainanee dere Tat on wo moving pos BS Powe electyontc contalter Wit at attal ow nit eo protercoe oe) tont rel. Henee Wake Seco Re waghty deat BS Gene dott ute cate Od a a waLeonse grat 1 Fronce ound a atoumee notte g weleceeds Dtradavantage “4 conto ee 1) Powe Heuvonte, auntiott hoy neonter s There hornronter offen tle Peformance of olan loads. De powe foe Cee & ta mamsure of wrataotirg how edfecttug Te to comer electric powe % used an bn olectica! nye Gen) of Sonne pres cle cfronte Convetfert ¥5 very tons . Hence Powe fect cov ection & eeeeacar|| 2 Fe ved stenple tonvn stone eee aunty powes clacton te convents Ate nd 4s Regrnssa teen ef poe 2 eltdffartt tm tha Agito BY Ned ot Corege eat crake, Lasge frets ty decetore and copeattey Qud taductan THe bow Areqsennacy pee tonvectivs be Cone buley ad coctty,v FoweR “I RANSI sTORS Bhaugavt Sangan —> Pown transttors lave Pro fessor. Lontreld tum-on 2 eontwlteel Dept. of Ere Kesert Game Off char aeterte Gra: > Transidtors wheeh Gre uted as Switeling Uementi are Opsrali Yo gat pation weper rule e fr Low On ctati volt pe clvof sped # modin Ronititerr fe much ie Han J pe Oks. axturutvety employed fo de- do ond de ae conver ert: 7 Howwevia tate volrage f current eer ane (ow tron a Pow Wantstor ae broacliy ctorerfred tate A ype Bt pote Sunetion Kani © B37) 2 Webak ont gered corn hurler ana fet Cranaistoct (res Fer) bt potas than aster (1487) > Swi woe a da BY Insutabe gate ad Stal wadeutton Ganitstor (631) Be potar Sanction Jranticte Cea) — Bs, tap MockeT, SIT can be assumed a2 tdeal switelres Hevea ts catty Howwt , Tan values daft shen obreaving praccicamny: BOT hos 3 Gand nabs, + Colleclor , Emttt rs Base - 7 Bo & doconed by oAding a second P & On! maior ho per funcion diode ss WU 2 n- vegont and one ealea lwo Swsclrons cue docmad te Kena ar o-pon Cranes Coes oI, Fig ta Shonte tha npn Ceancitir = tp |! ot. Se Tealo e =PSH Q po regtons and one- nonegion 1% Cold as pap Lansist a4 1 Shonor (ee Pap Wanstsre c LAL De 7a > Bb . n ose | dale: i Pe Ent thw > A Bot hos St ca Brett Bate funtion (85) ond cotteeton Base fancier cceas Emrtter aS nepne Garis &) por Gants fy Cros section *4 Bur maker ort foo nt regions fo Wa enter ey NPw ote Rantesé Shown ta Bm @ Tha one Gov pt vegtent for Cr Cottielty of Che pnp Gype Danced shown ta &q Ca) — Doe an NPN pe ent tha atch N ax Te made netder Cha Probar 2 narrons and The collecter Ate a lags i mawrces and hav’ eae —> Fe Pre Gypes Emi RA taxes Dr omodi wide Ce nase & Keren avd Mu collecl& Arde prays kW narrow aud heavily dopedoJ S teacly gta eae ct GIT te v ds veered Vers 7 Veer a e f Ve a) Cereuet diagram >) Inpar chasachvetio® kh sa Ache Region> SoG | — Jen gm Tan? Tey leo. Cotlee tor Coltecte ay Caost Section Sf BST Troe: (N mes) ey Tras je ( Vk —— dlacati wishes = Seas fe t Warfeat) eae>The Common - aniber Condi quien ds shoven tn qe sper npn: Pronses bo —* Fo pnp tantetre, Cue ppotarttter Of at current @ vettoge Ase reverted: has we & bpereting regions Of 6 Rancrs & * dD Cae = Off egien a Pele ve Pagion 3) S otivetron Region: Feq. 9 a) Sbonss tha etreutt deagear fre fu Genititor , re yer oy wed to Suot khang ap Mice ten rq BS Shows the Gypreat Trpar charakint sO ef ove euywer Se agate ose tad Hu ve toe Vee Fq aeS a houst Ci Cy peak ses characte ef Uo Leto gq. ogee toUlietor — act then et Ver Cumentk Le — Bor PNP Casts, fre PotasrGer ef att Current and ade ous rewerteds ig Ca ee Ce Coe current kh net dufnaert Cum fc ON & both. fhe fareteow Out sevesed ioued - ae ae Flat Cansei anh an ampligir role Me Dace cumert %& ambufed “4 (ie a G WR Colleetot emitter veleege Agcteaser BOL, lle Bere cumert the cps Ceolteclan Bare Gunetim) % veverse lotared . % The BES tt Sorewand lppatcel, — Sr saturation region » bare Canal ts sofas high: se That Chr cyt teeter ~ ent Hee vo Ut dr bows & Coanitelar acl as Castel Both. Sunetine (CaP BET) ave forward ratd g SS ree ee eFee=e- Modot aes TW obtain thr velolioa belioen K a6 Under, tage ine De - Operstton he tet &O Bare cunmr ee Pnput Curract Cotte Currnit % bop teat Getter Curract Gots = Pree O te #4 aay on + Npn Gants ote Currert hes Qo tom pout NH due & Ge bbe Oat 2 lrakege caste” Tego + Jer Pla Lees, ® wo Te beakogs wort with bare aa CRrutt & cam bee Lite 6 oes Grom “y "O «@ Te cites Leeot te OD fe 2 T (vp) ieee Avena Iceo PB we cmalt, De Tel 4p) de> Fe ( (i+p) -© r The Pov). Che colkctes current Con be oxprested ay I ket te —O Thee canetant K bb held t e ba, ja > P| «Cx

earnel et above regen “4 Dh pbterned when Vee= Vee | Seqprany., “Yer EO Re ~Jefrardacce “(0 Sees C > B® bee currect Crtreoses, Une CraniteGor commu out ef alive rd mani mum bare carrnt i Sa gnar) ai. Reais and re fate Satirnation mode . te VegS Vag 5 bee coltetor Suncien wit be fornsacd brated , Coltcter corn 1 catuvation Te(eaty 7 Vee Ves teat) 6 The bore Cownit oP Ge, Feccaty = Teeceey OBur Uns artral Soe cure F& orlwagt WXGne Than Jaccat), ‘het aitisok Bare cummt be Ig: then the velroot Tat Parcaty i cotted pverdive factin (ODF) 8, Over cre facts Cope) = Le Tee cary he yalio of Neccat) & Ig % cated freed p- a Ppones. Pjowa = _leccat) fe Pot ed powa Loee P = Vane coaay'® Vor (sat) H(cot) Paro blan & yp te bepoler CKarnitedee th a * Specified t have p ay Ts vangt BB HO. Te lead weristanes 16 Re atta Tee PC comply Veto & Vee™ A0eY G ta pat ve Lage ty Tea base ePreuke % vgs Ty Veetcer) ~ lov 4 Vee ecaty BUSY: Find ) Ga Value Oke, tat verth wm calivation with om ODF 4 6 2) forud Ps tr 3) The power Coss feta Te Kearnsis te * Qivent Vee = 200%, Penne 8 : frrer= 0, Read , OnF 25, Ve 7 lOv, Veeccae) 21% £ Vee craty? SY 1 OD Fos Teccat) * Veem Veegeaty 2 goo-bho 7 1R14 Re w eccaty = 18TH Jaccor) = Leecaty 2 ey 2 gaea- (m8 Lee Ve- Vaeccatya Yo find le, Ot =F, L Je(sat) Ia 5x wD = hare. fe, = Dacsae) A ODF A Was Orns > OFA SIG We Sa eee b) Pirred > Tecsoty 2 1G 1G Ty eal C) PF Vecccagy Dat Vee rcs 7 (us +322) 4( vo nig) > BHOFW A) The simple Guna slr faottch A wed te Lonel a aay de Supply acuoss A velar cofl, wobec har a De Sorlttane st ROO Bn pr ple of ob sv Arn pWlinels Ut opp lect through Q Sonier ba vestsGy 2, at Mu baw Ug fo a; 0 Camon Ca” Eanicler tui Berkel Ce dave currot Cee ane wth noe ty Tou Fopuct pure Cote ote T Pe PEN Vode of Rp turd G obtain opf 2 TTD That poor oliecibatd tm transrer Phar Ouse Vee 2 BN f9 Solivraloen shake B95 & bo: 1) Teeroat) > Vee ~Yeecont) Vee csat) TORY 2h ney 2h On Veg ¢sak) WT obtain Ry fe ove Tatoat) = efor), opr =T_ > Ds cue) Bete) Sa + Yee las) Leceaty > C1. 6x53)Switeuing Cupracreristics OF BIT nt ce Bk pede ‘vs tg : + 2 RWW I ee Veo Mi a = i 7 1M : t ‘ Leqpe Me L | Cue is Cob le g '— c ye Cue G fre fy = Ree. / |“ le Ee igh) Model siti cement goin fomgtcer (lhe pribotet | pe Gansteu® sheron tr above fy: The equivatiar 065 (coleuk- hare S unete en) Capaettang (Co) & BES {apse tans (Che) Ply atgnificane sole Cutan fum-ON § far OFF. E fet ao thse Capacttanu Caw be m4 becfed uncles cate Mati Con dttou: Bur Cumon & tim-ofF ace offutid due te intimal atlanenwe _..¢@oT—s| <_—_ kt >} Ny ing times dipolar teantistAs Sortchi ig Ce) ¢i> # prod brased pr funckon S a : capacitances, a dapletion layer capac! bance. Aippucson capaci tane. > DP savetse biosed pn Junction has only dapletion Copactbante, Under cheady~ bate conditron, thue, capacitances do not ploy any sole, However und teanecient comdrkong they Inghuence tie tuan-on and buen -gg behawiour_ g the transit hh. 3 hue f the inbunal capacitance, tie teaneie dh foes not fuan on instantly. She pee ste tala thy wovigrrnd and tort che dimes. O tHe input wolkage Vg Rises fron quo 4. and the base cussent ates fo Sp, , the collect cuseent doce not gespond immediately. fhase te a delay Lrowre Ge Belay tine (44) a dhs delay fre (ba) & because the coltect& — bare funckvors capacitance Cob ctoate chaegtng ee boce dave is applied. 3 chit detay geguriadh to chaage up the capacitance Cre ta he prvoed brat vollage Vee = OV. Pte thre deloy, the collectet quseent fthea to the heady site value § Teceat> + lo dhe ame time (44 dupendsc on the time constant | 1 debremined by the Coe-{ —> then the input volkage tg gaverced — gham and the bose cuxenk t also Ranged f a, * = the collect cusaert doce not charge pra Lime ¢ called the stotage time = > dhe t, is tepuined to temove the catusals choase om tke base. Eecoue Yee ty wilt positive porth O-av, She base cussent gavetses tte Rexectron due to the chonge in. the polasity 5% fom v, to -Np. ao Che eeveree cussent —Lp, hatps ta dirchosge the bose ondh demove the extea 2 fom the bow. Without Lp. “the catusabing “¢ hos to be tamoved enticely by Recombination and -the etehinge dime poould “be Longer. > One the erber 2s Removed the Coe copacitance s to the Inpub vyoltace “Yy, and the bose cusunt falls fo guo. She yall dime ‘4,’ dipnds on the time constant, sohioh” ie debeem ted ley the capacitance 4 the guvare—biased BET (OD = dhe tum-on me toy % ger by, hur, delay dime < 49 Gt ig the Hime token by thy Te to Rise fiom 0 to Ot Le ceaty Rice dime i te SE ie the time taken by the IL. to aie plom O-t Legaty to 0-9 LecsotTum - off tem vo oo am bp [Pepe = by] ep Got Us) Geb ts By Hme tabi by tts de te fut Frere Tecra O99 6 trae) Fatt time up) De he Ba dtm da ben oy Le & fe fen OF Se pear) & OLD. (cat vrtreen, Power Moser (mos eer). Devres Oferaki on: > Mosf€t to ia AH oma sn par Ha Sothling Vo tho Cond veltecl diver and reaptrer onle Curent 2 Socata oped & legh & rw eve oi GHler of Nano cetonoli- Les frrelo Lon OF cheateve teaver Aelarge § pe Spezah Cate hy han ding. MOE ts have Mostelr ou of 2 Cpe » Pep. tron Moser D Enhanmect MorPer ) Depueon MovkeT : pete dp | — pe rie | ge c wt Ike fg la - 7 An on chanaed Ap ecm Cate MosfET % Arend on a J PG pe Stltton dubia ds tla tm a leyfore 2 Plosees {Depitien Wpe) Ik const Of Cor haavtly doped nt galicon foe lone vest efany Connectront the ae & teo lated fren te channel by a dln extol ‘eae fla 3 Gemtrab are mltecl gaG, Drain § Sours > Tee tubchet % novmal Connectrd te The dource, — te Noe Cen be otdler pose ev negative w ‘s ote, fone of Che eithont tn tla no channel area anda &&en + “aren ust be crralio voto code sangte a aw fie hanadl ¢ 4 hah vosteeale fom a Avain te souns Rpg. “yk Vas Ww made olive trough, Tle channel pst be tom plataty depts efferccny a so valite Of Lop & flare woh be ne Cucrect Flos fon Dra to Sourer., fp, 20 The tatted Proak aff mettege: V, — Hy \ge bh nada PoseGve » tha channel beromer eotdler § The fn neter dase te medueleron ty 2p .aretth a fo Channel Aeplti mn G pe MOSFET | tha polar foe ai Mpc Toe & Y, qs Qu yeverstect shoven to Fg!) P- channel Pepue on Type mosey r = | [i % Fi a Ngs aes |tnchanu ment Gy pe Mo sFeT- 7M ge B posttive san tmeured voltage attrach Che alishs from fhe P- Subsat ond aeeimutetie tem at Cu wpe Denrath the ortay Maye . 7 y Var bs + Ahan mr eduol a wales brensn as theres hold ve hoge Yoa aie number OY leetront ae, auumeteti tf fem a virial ne channel os glrousa oy Potted nw off ey aed cures tort from Drain G Jourec the poterticn Pr Ve Toss Vgy aux reveteeot for a pe channel eplron ut” “Qype MBCLET, shown to fq id) $ig, 1d) p- Channel anhanumenst Uy pe MesFet:aa teen MOET remains ON eines gee wo thagn. off 7 Enhance mot {ype MOET f wed an sptthing olives ry powe Abul nius 7 bohantecnm® MOSEET remains Bt al? ae a Vo Utage, Steady SoG choratirtelu: o veg tegh Taper Tonpedanet The a chrawe a voted Small taahoge coment, on (le The Mosfet: Oe Cap controttd duvrem avd have ede ed, ane Aref ets 7 The tants ton ductanw te wate of dlretn Curves te gate Vetroge difiner tly Gamte cherac& tele, the Conse cherackvtties ef nv clannet ep. channel Mester ds ghouwwn tn 4 an wb Vp t oor Vp a ole “Ib ae Pro channet- dq 2a) Pepletion ype Morecr. Sp ) / ns Yoo ly — ——— / Nay pochannet . n- Chana Tp 4 20 Enhanunuat Gee MetronOukpur Uvorale vt cli or Rensbiofh Teg! H fabiention Region de 4 begin a sn — Nes Mass —— Vase to Vins, _ CLL LEE LIEK ZZ. ° Cut ty ry Vos Veco Vo #4 ay Befp wr cheta twtr of Mosfer- Fea 8) chows Che eubpur chavartiwtrbet Of enhanu mar tape Mos FET Foe Ce es ype MoseeT Vasr,Vasa Vegan > Veen ote ve val h Fo Una hegion, Curt 2 Tp = pple Va) Moe ~ wee | Fos LSokiirsbion wafen, Curet a4” pd? £ Ngee “iy ice ee r egtn ef © peatien ® tut - on vegton yotate Var Tn The nem veqton . Clu Anafn overt Dp Vane %o Prpacoensl ty The drate - fouru vottage Noe > In Raliralion Tegfon, the Avafs Cunedl pamratm alyrort Conttant’ for amd Pusote ty Ue vets Ry Vor othe Kanitefou LUcd tH {ut eaten stor Veltaae amplitca ton.> Solurahivn hes the oppose peered to thor for gar. > Poo t high Drein carck and for dvata voltoge ,Mosfel te Operotid wm Unear regton for awitetang Condlifion. mt outtake watstanu, Bo =p = AVor te normaly vouy “ASy Ligh th The pinch off regen ee fe “4 gmat em fis Mrwar region Steady bhale Gro ttetesng prockel of MmoreeT r ® & 8 oe rs + ow = s 7 tga equi veloat “Creare ag 4 dy Uruk Clteggion = So Set, swthbing moc b tame for depletion Gy pe Coen Anatom eer Cpe MOET s. glousn 44 4aS § Ub Ry bb Te load eetictanu Re Bo thee e wetctane In maga Ohm tonnecha to belideen tle get and dource TH ostablech Ca gen toge & defined uel: Pe bent Ce ola 4 Cure is Ba ta lemal CHpartbaned OF Bar rashes > Fo dapletson fype mosteTe, Mu gee wettage could e afte postte ve O neaatire > fea ehhanunent & pe mosfet (ty, Gr verege chould be Post tive onty. — Power Mecfeds are gone oF enhaniunwt Gpe.wt Eling Arar Aint SU or Of MOET Swrbeling Modot ot MOSFET + q Cd a . “oe ae Juv 3s ae} ) oe —— 4 & o ~ Hq Sa) eae moat 2 Moscen, Qustt Wea Cae of HosreT & 6b) Ewitdeng waved rons of MOLT > fle Wlenral Caan Tarn OFF biota OF moc Fen. | Godly Sta ‘eq SOS thones Flu ewe hebi votive » Co & { Moster off or tu Tumon arg These caparttances have no “fee moclet oF Moses. Ch yet SOunt Patacrtte cop act tane 4 Cpa & te Get to dvatn para crtic Capasttanse. Fla MOET com be Ciamed on ’Y applying Poveleve qe voltage 04 thrown A fq > Stun ne otk oqe be applied (qe starts chasging: > Facony Cle Geen Crue dita te th Ce Cae vequicsd or Coe te Unarae Te Clr threshold vettage (vy)> PAU AGL Clu dvain current (ip) shal vii brestrat vottog 1S felt gat voltage Vay sth tiene vequived fer tugs oq tattd Reve tenwlt,) 7 during dics Une, Avate Cawect (Io) ese te 1G fut value toe Now Tse MosfeT i fatd te Rave fey Gamest on Frew = Tateg te] — To Caen OFF , the rocrt? fu qe ve trode te made marae oe aiee The at bourne, Petia s Vgc weclecces from Vaconsy V1 % Vacp fe Cy Afechargus from ewe drive vottage GB Piackoft region eB oteage: The ee vequived foe Heke dis Charge tabted Con-oFe cAekoy Ths” Gatoery 7 > Ta oko start tedeeein, — the keepe on Ads onaing , to Ve. Tk ne tly voltage. Geroner peat Und & Ate chouge Ca from Voen Vp tated Lau time (y) Baee ston Vge < Vp. Th Mosfe 7 b so5d le have Gromd OFF. the Ge Ha, Altschratg tt ee vo ltoge The Cam - off Tee of MOSFET is Cam off te mg Tome ora fot Bnet: [ Gore = Hata + | guet & dam caI Gfr- Det Oprateon + > An TERT vombtaus Cer aan in of BIT & MosteT. by Teer hos lah fobt 2 —ispadonte: GIA Moser ond Low Oo Stati conducts losses Lika ROT - Bur Here % no dttond breakdown probum rk» Bots 7 by cap dutgh YY dali Me equivalent dv atn te foune yutstonte Rpg 7 tontroUled ty Selave Uli drat of « BOT. Gost Section Ve oe Feud for Tqets Rul . 4 VO) Cross tection. e tog un J ads e ia & a P 919 fa savalent Cast he ama fred Cecilhe silicon whos feckion fan 168 b grown to fi (9? eottek & tdenGul te that ey a Mosrer emer t pt mulls cots. > Howeve Pee Per foronan o Of an Dear go dos G Ware, Bo thom a MOSFET. fide Ts ola te Bo pt subotrate. vabiech ir pO REI he Te mtn odeG cara Unjateon tte nm reat > Equivebt trade Te shown th hq Yo? G Cow be age) uy & 44 > Py Tent % mack ob YW alternate PAPN tages % could fateh Uke a Hay th At badger Cayer le nsicle ept bare tedeerr Che Qate SL Cle NPN berntnel &4 to Grrat derran , torte by SRE tot rbieg, q Stady Sto. Oulpur elatarte weir of QRT. Ve ama {Eo [« dl Re & Veta Ny 24 in =e o "New ee RL a Veg 24 & i 1g BaD Symbol @ crattet 2487 2 ¥ seo" ctate trarafe chavactiictio rg 265 chreta iat sls “1 . LZ Vy Nee $4 20} Transfer Chorarteriie The Gypreas outpur cheraedtie of Be Versus Ven Ort town PA PP for vawious gods eaktter ve ltage Vee us anther clracacancl + Re Views Ve Ts Shes Torq 2c > dace Petntler tH MOLEET, eden Va pS We clevtte Bt OFC ekaSwing outpurk chetartiatclie of 14 BT. —> Spot feleir chara iika a £qer for te prcattg hig hha Yodutive lead shower ™ Gy > qh & ainila te Hot oF MOSFET: > ba fe the Tine Heqpiredt tn eb ck Ee Sun Inte con AueLion. ei tane by Uae ty He bang dave ne Vee abrope from shady ated volt toltertar currest vitor pom gee » w = dud ng tee bet Ee Veg te OFWee volute Te bk +9 Bad Btidaing aroha clive ed fGen wo te tw feel foe De te We fem Olle t te seady chat valu Te = ahve Daving tee aint Vee AvePt frm O-1Vee & ol Veg (oe eats] ; “Be tan OFF, Us Gu ims sraquiired tee Vee te fa eon steady chalet vats Veg % Vp becouse 9 dirclataiof ate tot er actfanu: a“ Dasing des trtervel, Be fouls from le te °-4F¢ — Tir sequined be fon Horry ofl, & orf, t th § to pou from Ore ty OVE ts ‘fa. Qo, Ha dotat lamote tine & (Teer = te syitty |Plopuce = & THY RAS TRS -8 haxg avi o am Kose Paap essor Defer of Ec Kesemfom © Mopuré -2 Tuyristors Unir-3 aa Scr Silico tonfiolled sectgre — OO OO a a LP is, e Jz q A fa 7 K L&) fa Yyrabol a a chy Stecopliged taelvee & SCR A thupisl ix a. poe lays, Wer qunebor, trate | tecenira! geratoondertbo— dayice. She taminals ose Bode (ri), Cxthode (1) and Gate C4). Thyictis ore oproted a bretable waiter, optsationg ot ad ae th on stale. Thyaist& tg ‘ateo called a Silteon conteolled, kechigic- (ser) tn genus. TayeisToR CHARACTERISTICS AND mMonES oF OPERntion She sobbing g the, thyridt can be divided ints tha mode: Avice Slocking mode, ford blocking mode, and ead wnduetion mode. Fig below shows the v-t chasackerzelics g-the thysrted (sca) | 6