CurrentMUDDE

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Aim: Promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts,
sciences and culture.
Total members: 193 member states and 11 associate members (as of April 2020).
Headquarters : World Heritage Centre Paris, France
Maximum Sites: Italy is home to the largest number of UNESCO world heritage sites in the world.
After the annual announcement of new sites by the UNESCO committee, the country now boasts 58
world heritage locations (as of August 2021).
Director-General of UNESCO : Audrey Azoulay.

S.No Site State Listed Description

Year
1 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra 1983 It represents the Buddhist art. It consists 30 rockcut
Buddhist cave monuments.
2 Agra Fort Uttar 1983 Indo-islamic architecture. It got its present layout under
Pradesh the Emperor Akbar
3 Ellora Caves Maharashtra 1983 The largest temple is kailasa Temple. They were built by
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Indo-islamic architecture, built on the bank of Yamuna
4 Taj Mahal Uttar 1983 River, as a mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal, the Persian
Pradesh wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (founder of Taj
Mahal). It was designed by Ustad Ahmad Lahori.
5 Sun Temple, Odisha 1984 Hindu temple, Kalinga Architecture, represents solar
Konarak deity surya.
Group of also called the Mamallapuram temples or
6 Monuments at Tamil Nadu 1984 Mahabalipuram temples, built by Pallava dynasty, few
Mahabalipuram types of monuments : rathas, mandapas, descent of
Ganges
Located in the floodplains of Brahamputra River. Famous
7 Kaziranga Assam 1985 for one-horned rhinoceros as well as tiger, Asian
National Park elephant, ganges river dolphin.
Famous for rare & endangered endemic wildlife such as
8 Manas Wildlife Assam 1985 Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, and golden langur.
Sanctuary Famous for the population of Wild water Buffalo.
9 Keoladeo Ghana
National Park / Rajasthan 1985 Man-made wetland, famous for thousands of birds,
Bharatpur especially during the winter season.
National Park
Architecture style : Gothic, Manueline, Mannerist,
10 Churches and Goa 1986 Baroque. Famous monument is Basilica of Bom Jesus
Convents of Goa where Saint Francis Xavier was buried.
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11 Khajuraho Group Madhya 1986 Hindu & Jain temples were built during Chandela
of Monuments Pradesh Dynasty. Built in Nagara Style.
It was the capital of Vijaynagar Empire. Style: Dravidian,
12 Hampi Karnataka 1986 Indo-islamic style, near Tungabhadra river, include
Virupaksha Temple.
Was the capital of Mughal Empire in 1571 by Akbar, It is
13 Fatehpur Sikri Uttar 1986 also known as “City of Victory” after Akbar’s victory on
Pradesh Gujarat. Mughal style. Some Important Buildings are :
Buland Darwaza, Jama Masjid, Tomb of Salim Chisti,
Diwan-i-khas, Diwan-i-aam, Panch Mahal.
14 Pattadakal Karnataka 1987 9 Hindu & 1 Jain temple, were built under Chalukya
dynasty. Style: Dravida style + Nagara Style.
15. Elephanta Caves Maharastra 1987 Located on Elephanta Island in Mumbai Harbour,
Temples are dedicated to SHIVA. Famous Caves:
Sadashiva : Trimurti, Nataraja: Lord of Dance.
Hindu temples built under Chola Dynasty, Dravidian
16 Great Living Chola Tamil Nadu 1987 Architecture,
Temples Temples: Brihadisvara Temple, Airavatesvara Temple.
17 Sundarbans West Bengal 1987 It is known for the reserves of Bengal Tiger. Covered by
National Park largest Mangrove Forest.
18 Nanda Devi and Home to the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown
Valley of Flowers Uttrakhand 1988 bear, and bharal.
National Parks
19 Buddhist Madhya 1989 One of the oldest stone structure in India, Commissioned
Monuments at Pradesh by Akbar (Maurya Empire).
Sanchi
1993 Humayun was constructed in 1560s. First Garden-tomb
20 Humayun’s Tomb Delhi on the Indian Subcontinent with the elements of Persian
gardens. Mughal Architecture.
It was named after the Sufi Saint Khwaja Qutubddin
21 Qutb Minar and Delhi 1993 Bakhtiar Kaki was begun by Qutb-ud-din Aibak who later
its Monuments became first sultan of of Delhi.
It includes Alai Darwaza, Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam
Mosque, Iron Pillar etc.
West Bengal, It comprises three mountain railways – 1. Darjeeling
22 Mountain Tamil Nadu, 1999 Himalayan Railway (1999), 2. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
Railways of India Himachal (2005), 3. Kalka–Shimla railway (2008).
Pradesh

23 Mahabodhi Bodh Gaya, 2002 Here Buddha had attained Enlightenment under the
Temple Complex / Bihar Bodhi Tree. one of the earliest and most imposing
Mahabodhi structures built entirely in brick from Gupta period.
Mahavihara
It comprises five clusters of Rock Shelters in the foothills
24 Rock Shelters of Madhya 2003 of Vindhya Range. They contain Rock Paintings from
Bhimbetka Pradesh Hunter Gatherer societies of the Mesolithic period.
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 Terminus was designed by Frederick William Stevens,
25 Chhatrapati Maharastra 2004 Italian Gothic style, formerly known as Victoria Terminus.
Shivaji Terminus It is the headquarter of India’s Central Railway.
26 Champaner- Gujarat 2004 Constructions were under Chavda Dynasty. Famous
Pavagadh constructions: Kalika Mata Temple, Jain Temple, Jama
Archaeological Mosque. Champaner was the shot time capital of Gujarat.
Park
It was built under Shah Jahan. Zenith of Mughal
27 Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007 Architecture. Indo-Persian culture with Timurid elements
/Lal Quila & Indo-Islamic, Mughal Style . It was the site where
Independence of India was first celebrated. Designed by
Ustad Ahmad Lahori.
2010 Built by Sawai Jai Singh II (founder of Jaipur), World’s
28 Jantar Mantar Jaipur, largest stone SUNDIAL is here. 20 astronomical
Rajasthan instruments were designed for the naked eye
observations of stars & Planets.
Karnataka, They are covered with Montane forests. Anamudi in
29 Western Ghats Maharashtra, 2012 kerala is the highest peak. Biodiversity Hotspot & home
Kerala, Tamil to endangered species such as Bengal Tiger, Dhole lion-
Nadu tailed macaque, Nilgiri tahr, and Nilgiri langur.
It comprises 6 forts Chittor Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort,
30 Hill Forts of Rajasthan 2013 Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort & Jaisalmer
Rajasthan Fort. Constructed by Rajput kingdoms.
Example of stepwell, constructed during chaulukya
31 Rani-ki-Vav Gujarat 2014 dynasty on the banks of Saraswati River. It consists seven
levels through which ground water was accessed.
32 Great Himalayan Himachal 2014 Covers an area of 1171km². Home of endangered species
National Park Pradesh such as western tragopan and musk deer.
It was a Buddhist ancient higher-learning institution. It
33 Nalanda Bihar 2016 was established during Gupta Period (Golden Age of
Mahavihara India). It was destroyed by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji.
located around Mount Khangchendzonga, the world's
34 Khangchendzonga Sikkim 2016 third highest mountain. First Mixed Heritage site of India.
National Park
The Architectural
Work of Le
Corbusier, an It is the central part of the city of Chandigarh and was
35 Outstanding Chandigarh 2016 designed in line with the principles of a radiant city.
Contribution to
the Modern
Movement
36 Historic City of Gujarat 2017 Ahmedabad was founded by Ahmad Shah I in 1411.
Ahmadabad Capital of Gujarat.

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 Victorian Gothic It is a collection of 19th-century Victorian Revival public
37 and Art Deco Maharashtra 2018 and 20th-century Mumbai Art Deco private buildings in
Ensembles of the Fort precinct of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Mumbai
Founded was Rajput ruler jai Singh II in 1727. It is also
38 Jaipur City Rajasthan 2019 known as Pink city & paris of India. Important buildings &
sites are Hawa Mahal palace, Govind Dev Ji Temple, City
Palace, and Jantar Mantar.
It is Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, was constructed
39 Kakatiya Telangana 2021 under Kakatiya dynasty. Marco Polo called the temple
Rudreshwara "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples".
(Ramappa)
Site was officially discovered by J.P. Joshi in 1967-68.
40 Dholavira Gujarat 2021 Unique water harnessing system & drainage system
found here.

UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in India

Year Intangible cultural heritage
2021 Durga Puja in Kolkata
2017 Kumbh Mela
2016 1. Nawrouz
2. Yoga
2014 Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala
Guru, Punjab, India
2013 Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur
2012 Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan
Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2010 1. Chhau dance
2. Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan
3. Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala
2009 Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas, India
2008 1. Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre.
2.Tradition of Vedic chanting
3. Ramlila, the traditional performance of the Ramayana

UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities

As per UNESCO, 77cities from 44 countries have joined the UNESCO Global
Network of Learning Cities.
Indian cities (Joined in Sept 2022)
1. Thrissur – the cultural capital of Kerala (Kerala)
2. Nilambur, Kerala’s eco-tourism destination (Kerala)
3. Warangal, the tourism spot (Telangana)
UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN)
Created in 2004.

Aims: “promote cooperation among cities which recognize creativity as a strategic

factor in their urban development”.

Total creative fields: 7 (crafts and folk arts, media arts, film, design, gastronomy,
literature and music).
Currently 246 cities are in list.

Total 6 Indian cities on UCCN.

Srinagar - Creative city of Crafts and Folk Arts (2021)
Mumbai – Creative city of Films (2019)
Hyderabad – Creative city of Gastronomy (2019).
Chennai - Creative city of Creative city of Music (2017).
Jaipur - Creative city of Crafts and Folk Arts (2015).
Varanasi - Creative city of Music (2015).

By Chandan Maity & Varuni Shukla

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