3 by Ae (LOGARITHMS) (Unit Outlines) 93404 i Sibtey (Scientific Notation) 675° 3.1 (Logarithm) 46) a2 (Common and Natural Logarithm) A6/b5.si¢6 33 (Laws of Logarithm) fi LA6! 3.4 (Application of Logarithm) Jek 564 3.5 (Students Learning Outcomes) (G/M b 703 UL ALL be toy ouprtee wi bite Wake Kaui Setar VL Sieber! SEL on tONE Wie (scientific notation) 27 s*L-Sae Z 4 +f (standard form) fife x EBLE ei 0,a41y! y>0 G) AS Oantissa) C21 Characteristic) EP ea * A Ey 6 SerIEMiog tables) Jue RIL LL Sp log 6 mee oe Gree 245 (antilog tables) our 30h S17 £ (antilog) Atle tt See be SG ole vb Fh Ib ee ae et fetbiiecL Pb) 66@___ loga(mn) = logym + log.n Gi) top") = logym— logan (iii) loggm” =n logy (iv) logymlog,n = logan Gas 2 bie eB SSS Pe PLM SLT L Fy aE She ty tT IF i NHIE Sut bab, ab ie be S rutin FT FEL Og ia WIL AY Ubi BUIL (ohn Napier) Af be twine LUUPS Atwood SII 'e* (base) VIL U1 Lor (log tables) Uae F Fut if Fb) bo OIL Sef EULA del Henry Briged Sis Axe Fz sar S antilogarithms) 26142 Gobst Burgi) Sete uer1620-LL Uae (Scientific Notation) A751 3.1 wt ce noth fet REELS Wl Let BoE on 6 Fl Pu) wt AF 150,000,000 bF bb F bur = ti ge Le setuid 7c suet sh—2-< ¢1* 0.000,000,000,000,000,000,000,001,7 heb GLb rMeic IK iS UH e bts HL Se tras GIO GLLE Gf nuipre rend Fp WAL EL We drat (develop) Gu.) Usirn! etl el ax wed Labeda tule PO nyilsa< 10 1F1.7« 10% WH 15x 10° ARLE EAL Sratlonts hy 67whi iteuoidedie 1d @ 30600 (i) 0.000058 @ 30600=3.06x10° (petri le meted) SF Gi) 0.000058 =5.8x 10° (Gre PGA tre voli 19) Zod edit hbest fur wit le np she wNiwle, @ PGS wABL EA er Pe hus bor @FL-K WH nl PA len (ES eB PA aera hawt or ORE Gi HAI He toewn dnd gidux Seth bet cre e Are hus piso» te SS Sp fe dP ww beurbitiabiivd begat 2de @ — 6.35x10° Gi) 7.61x10"* @ 635% 10°=6350000 (perp tre vg lps) v Gi) 761x10°4= 0.000761 (per be viele) 33% Hei Stal bio sce Et @) 5700 (ii) 49,800,000 (iii) 96,000,000 (iv) 416.9 (v) 83,000 (vi) 0.00643 (vii) 0.0074 (viii) 60,000,000 (ix) 0.00000000395 275,000 © “d.0025 68A Pipe Guibioue a] @ 6x10 Gi) 5.06 x 10° (ii) 9.018 x 10° (iv) 7.865 x 10° (Logarithm) 48) 3.2 ea tee ot FOFOIL ELS 62 IF EL deasiel Lain at Aes bss Fle i As re AOL 0 uu a4l'a>0 slaw Li @ BLS aA SAty (O08? 3.2.1 PCY Oo Gus a= agli > x= 5 = log2=4 SRO Cou fble a ASE @.. &=1) => -log,] =0 lpkcai=aes> een ed (Common Logarithm, Characteristic and Mantissa) &uLab Ebel ‘43 ASE bee (Fie) < bedi wd Ged Lb srt Senpni FelG coin etzAiG (Henry Briggs) £25 +t Abid: & Fit) thts LS Pit ieos utairiLut ne he A6IG10 HL? tae OL ue ZS bow 10° =1000 © log 1000 = 3 10° =100 ~ ogl00 = 2 10' =10 oe log 10 a 10° =1 @ logl =0 107'.=01 & - logO1 | -=-1 107 =001 « og00l1 =-2 107 =0.001 << log0.001 =-3 wee MAL ios Boel F 10 ides 5 AO eri Set win? 70AE ginbsood wl 4 Ae! Oke vL 101 1 Ae wevE 100.31 10 1+ pA ok »L 10001! 100 2+ gli X Uev£ 14101 GA Ub oL 0.1410.01 oe A oe 2£ 0.01810.001 3 tA S Su tae- wet pur» (nceF ie S02) P bib -etnh db Lod he a4 pioadls Leen ne Wteeiuels of) @ BE characterisicy Ae 6 PRIS Oe CLE LI Ls ant (mantissa 4 F26-U! sete d eR wr L Gi) woPbLuwere VY Setnphe LEE Seite setn Ob PB IL rd nF 4 ee Gow b bush -otn LAK bIL en pur sen 2 be Ebah os ods etn 2A BIL un gr sick bre 66a hi ews Surnl bel th AW PIL were T Lely» etn ft ES NE Est he Reb tdatt so Ai b=ax10",1 Lut ELIS hte 73EPP log 43,254 4325 sete Ale 2 AST 28 543.254L Si Bb PL seeds te £43 Ko burst tL oe Abie £ Ue FEY dese Lyf refer Ly fosf 0355 7£ 2 CEL és) ae 2 Jeauibut eb 5 CBL Ing L5boL indi LB Ret Gs [Lees (63554-0005)6360 wK MEL SES ei Us ~6st 0.6360 ~6 5 0.6360 = 2? ¥ log 43.25 - Zp L°6 log 0.002347 2347 PL Ur aii eA ly 3692 rel BLA Law BUELL 23 tow LEICA. de es bn BACGL TLS BELL 23 sy 63105 Ho S FLIES 13 91 3692 ~6 20.3705 Le*'¥ 10g(0.002347) Li! 1Je v @ Gi Gid (iv) 2Je fe bt UL UE log Lt nll wet bur AL Fae aed =< F 0.3705 Le 6 U9 log 0.234711 log'0.023471 LLP AOL oe Sint LU MP gLS (round off) HESS Lp 66 log Ese Sb Fy i! UME log Lowe 24 Sse fos) Pn KoeB i og Lr Su sod tenob 74 @ Gi) Gi) (iv)ped S log 0.07058 (ii) 4s! log 278.23 (i) 6278.2 surely — ESTES £278.23 (i) Boe pirat 3 ru 6278.2 wb =2,.4...G-122) WELL 1 ele re LHL eI Le fees Ves 4140 FU CCL ow ZAKL 8 Ko ts Wo 4443 swe LG S3 01 4440-3 Ait EL 246 L OA LAB gulin Le = 0.4443 log 278.23 = 2.4443 © log (0.07058) le2220 Liat L Lge 0.07058 4Z 2» ete 2 dpiae 206 el 1058 se Seed nd Si PSs gid LE See Be hig S69 ude = 0.8487 log (0.07058) = 2.8487 Li! 16 sup 591-26 (Antilogarithm) (iiae Fbiae 6x Sy Ix logy=x A Pact Abin Abi Pen 3 Je v (ii) 3.2.4 utd y = antilog x <1 i tet apie hte BEL WHS se E Abe nL Sib LSS ye Bef ae ce eS ESA Sb tose Moe Ue tii ern KL Wt bed oe KE AAS Ut Ire At LSet, CCLM YL a me Fi BEE GLI L/S) 75Lett LiF Aint 08 LMU AW La red a AB gel S etn bac he PY Ure a LSC iii eed eu Sei ea S ob rug nbn Po Ane LG UN eset A Ge log Ze, @ be Seah, Uridine te pedi ede abivn iS KeL In Libulsiak oh di Ete tow bL erst -ebived FHL RE pe iy th 13247 (i) 2.1324 Gd logx= 13247 LA a et fob 3 Sx = antilog 1.3247 4 ee logx=1 Uy LH? 6 log x=0.3247 isl Hen e Lami ve rel osrutoeee a fi dieiL Uw Able CCL UE LIL u Gas sigt fos 2109 Ai es L 212 Ao Foe d SE fa 2109-2 310 FP Ur b0EF nl Bn 122 LIE ye og “etx ABLUGAL Urea oy felt sit 2112 yi x= antilog (1.3247) = 21.12 2.1324 Gi) alee Oi t= 0.1324 76be £01324 (Lye Ab) Eni phFELE @ 1356S Kotor fly WL HA Sno 21a ed FS 2 i buf TG 2 0 i antilog ( 2.1324) = 0.01356 Ue 320° eee? BIC Nel Lio sae 1 @ 232.92 (i) 29.326 (ii) 0.00032 (iv) 0.3206 x log 31.09 = 1.4926 ALE PUD our L Ue 2 (i log 3.109 (ii) log 310.9 (iii) log 0.003109 (iv) log 0.3109 chica d (AGILE REC H sLees 3 (i) 3.5622 (i) 2.7427 Lunevetibord Led Set 4 @ log, 81=L Gi) log, 6 = 0.5 Gii) logsn=2 (iv) 10’=40 : ut ( ed 5 @ log, 3g (ii) Jog 512 to the base 2)2 Spm eh Sx ae tuie-Leuw 6 @ logx=5 Gi) log, 9=x (ii) log, 8 =5 (iv) log 64 =2 ) logx=4 (Common Logarithm and Natural Logarithm) CO ai Abe & 3.3 ea WA bi pee Sas Abie Lb ould fut 3.2.2 LAU ait EF togx fosox 414 oA UL WE F6Y (decadio SEs G6) Bo © ULI L (ohn Napier) A wb tL nusir- wid Lecols bre 8! 7Je Ate 1614 Keb UE ATES x te the te nx AS og Bin Ee Abie -ctnyir deeper fi ter h S StH ire = 2.718 (AG 2.7182818...2 8 Sere Pt (Laws of Logarithm) of Ho Ae 3.4 Mab Gop bla tipsl Jette Ae Atonley LS Lol Sir 8 Aig (i) log,@mn) = logy + log,n Gi) tog{ ™) = logyn -log.n (ili). logy" =n logy (iv) logn = log,n x log,b ‘ log, (mn) = log,m + log,n (i) Ors ox logm=x sl log.n=y é4} d=msia=n et ePives axa’ =mn enw pies iv a =mn IEC PI GE UieF log,(mn) = x+y a Sa ASP bY 4 log,(mn) = logym + log,n eb Senet Syatx oy @ —_log,(mn) # login x log,n (ii) log, + log,n # log,(m + n) (iii) log,(mnp ...) = log,m + log,n + logp +». BELLS AL Ue uvbig who See LiF ore L Ay : ah Sei Beers il 781 Je Lp cb 291.3 x 42.36 = 4 SAE! ig x= 291.3 x 42.36 SLI} log x= log (291.3 x 42.36) <2 Abus = log 291.3 + log 42.36, — (logmn = log,m + log,n) = 2.4643 + 1.6269 = 4.0912 x = antilog 4.0912 = 12340 2Je Fes 2 8 F 0.2913 x 0.004236 4 SEY y= 0.2913 x 0.004236 MyI0> log y = log 0.2913 + log 0.004236 ae togbe4s = 1.4643 + 3.6269 = 3.0912 => y =antilog 3.0912 = 0.001234 Tog, (% )=togn — log. (i) UIE : eK logyn =x ul logn=y Sati => d=msi den aim ite ee =e a aa? =) 79m tog, (2 )= x-y tog, (= logy logyn es tou (S)+ Bee (i). logyn = log,n # log,(m — n) (ii) log, (3) =log,1 —log,n =—log,n,...... (" logg1 = 0) 1Je Fp hf BS cSt ee) Us x= B13 => logx= tog (2343) | logx =log 291.3 —log 42.36, ...... (log, 7; = logym —log,n) = 2.4643 — 1.6269 = 0.8374 x =antilog 0.8374 = 6.877 2Je LP SIGHE. a uG years = vey=WelGpme) — UA log y= log 0.002913 — log 0.04236 3.4643 — 2.6269 3 + (0.4643 - 0.6269) - 2 = 3-0.1626- 2 80= 3+(1-0.1626)-1- 2, (LIES wiF-1) = 2.8374 [- 3-1-2=-3-1-(2)=-2= 9j =>. ysantilog 2.8374 = 0.06877 log,(m") = n logm (iii) ws C logym" = x, => a'=m" SUL} et logm =y, >a@=m ast =m" =(@ L d=(@)"=a" > x=ny logym” = n log, m ab Qed Sy ut x 1 Je ed E Yon <4 SFey v y= 0.0163) = (0.0163) : Oe => logy =3 dog 0.0163) =3 x 7.2122 =-6.6366 Bears = 240.6592 = 2.6592 as y =antilog 2.6592 = 0.04562 ivust (ur ehe Suu) log, n= log, n xlog,b | et 81SO et log,sn=x => n=b' a2 log bet hguita log, n= log,b* =x log, b log, n= log, 2 log, b eine ed‘unaakie hele a EE = are a ad Seed log,b L (i) log, n log,n era eee ji & Eby bs SPRY ce wt fb! ce SPI sa FoI6 Wb our no he Le logig log.n=logionxlog.10 jogos 1 log, n loggn=log,nxlogie = Tog, 10 ered Flog, 10 1 logy e LU” Ae log, 10= THE = 2.3026 45! logy ¢ = log 2.718 = 0.4343 “pS 2 4S log,3 x log38 eu Suwibew Ie Satna of log,n logn = Tog,a log3, log 8 +. log,3 x log;8 = log 2 x log 3 82log 8 log,3 x log 8 Pig z etic Gi Pit (form) BL 7 Mouseiheduu LELIS Sane cit Ge Ab ged EF ok£ 101 es 1 ang tl ved Sums cette 330° COPIER LAO B22 1 ; - 15.2 ‘a 25x 5 @_ log(AxB) ii). 10g 35; Git) log j 3/7 aay} : 25x 47 (iv) log 15 (vy) log 3 (vi) log 29 EEF Sfibier 2 log x— 2 log x + 3 log (x + 1) — log (x”- 1) LES abf tigi 3 (i) log 21 + log 5 (ii) log 25-2 log3 (iii) 2 log x3 log y (iv) log 5 + log 6 — log 2 Ep ei Lieu 4 (i) log,2 x log,81 (ii) logs3 x log;25 log 2 = 0.3010, log 3=0.4771, log 5 = 0.6990 AapemedSbioue 5 @ ~~ log 32 (ii) log 24 (iii) log~\ | 5 (iv) log $ (v) log 30 83Ueritec leh Ae a5 LL SLA ie Wed. i Abul POUS ti LAGE ALA cehitver lors EL PE SHL Ruse obi YU Stet 1d 16 Tog 42 + 5 log 33 +3 log $4 =log2 / 16 25 81 px = 7 log 75 +5 log 54 + 3 log 99 = T[log 16 — log 15] + 5[log 25 — log 24] + 3[log 81 — log 80] = T[log 24 — log (3 x 5)] + S[log S* — log (2° x 3)] + 3flog 3*— log (2* x 5)] = 7[4 log 2 — log 3 — log 5] +5[2 log 5 — 3 log 2 - log 3] + 3[4 log 3 — 4 log 2 — log 5] = (28 — 15 — 12) log 2+ (-7—5 + 12) log 3 + (-7 + 10—3)log 5 =log2+0+0=log2= GALL 2h 3 [0.07921 x (18.99 3 (5.79)°x 0.9474 ui et edt Suse os o,o7921 x 18.997 ~ (omen xusaat a - (5.79) x 0.9474. \ (5.79)* x 0.9474 * oa (oomsay eraser ) 8) = Flos (5.79)* x 0.9474 =} [log {0.07921 x (18.99)"} — log {(5.79)' x 0.9474}]logy =} [log 0.07921 +2 log 18.99 — 4 log 5.79 — log 0.9474] = ; [2.8988 + 2(1.2786) — 4(0.7627) - 1.9765] _ ¥ [ 2.8988 + 2.5572 — 3.0508 = 1.9765] =} [1.4560 — 3.0273] =3 ( 2.4287) =3( 3+1.4287) = 1+ 0.4762 = 1.4762 => y=antilog 1.4762 = 0.2993 3Je bx a=” tlh Swazi tasae™ £2; wh k=2, wl A=>,> pre a2 Ftseubed yj logig 1—logyy2 =~2dloge (¢ ~ 2.718) 0 - 0.3010 =~2d (0.4343) 0.3010 SD ABaas vee 3407 SoU SUS ge Soe BEY -1 ; s V8 «... 0.678 x 9.01 @ 0.8176 x 13.64 (ii)_((789,5)' (iii) 0.0234 { 1.23) (0.6975, «3 [0.7214 x 2 (iv) 92709 x 4/1235 (wv) mre (wi) \f aa 3 3 ity $22 (vity 38)" 010056 4 127x 9/246 G88) 85etn Lede bioetlgeut =f) pv'=C wena? a ved p= 808 ped SC we bit Hh LS product) 45% ea Bey 18. 0S ee ed Sey tipai Gury (Let) a2 @ tu? LF La boyt no wi ra5 Bapfoeed fA In vanr A P peers i, h=42 wine 6 ra258 eed iV Fx vegnrn Zi 3 ole ZO Reve eeenes in a=n/i (i) gan (d) a=log,x wud y=log.x/1 Gi) (@) a=log.n (b) x=log,a (c) @ =z @ yex PIO ZS Gi) @ 1 © e @ 0 ne K MNS PIL 0S Gv) (a) 1 fo 1 @ 10 (e =2.718)- log e (v) (a0 (b).0.4343. (> @ 1 2d Slog (2) (vi) (a) log p—log q (b) we () logp+logq (d) logq-logp --=logp—logq (vii) logP @ tog (2) ) log p-4) © es @ tog 2)-c Fol f .. (b) mlogn (ec) nlogm (d)_ log (mn) Slog m" (viii) (a) _ (log m) -e Oy f... Slog, ax log.b (ix) (a) log,e (b) log.a (©) og). dog, HL wee BRAY Og, x (x) log. x log, z log. x log. y @) log, z ©) log, z © iog.y © log. x USF fetter el bse 2 usb. iy Seine EM Louse (ii) wh EAL Abie L oss (ii) 6 xfyIn x=logy/ (iv) edn. MASP IL RABE A in Do IL eA (wv) Sn ogy WIS AROSE Nn VAC PIE 30S (vi) eKfeesbagdrcn” 3 @ logy =5 ii) aire iii) loge) .5 atx (iv) loge, x= ? Spm ed Sx tice A () Jog x =2.4543 (ii) log x =0.1821 (iii), log x = 0.0044 (iv) logx= 1.6238 # log 5 = 0.6990 vs! log 3 = 0.4771, We 2=03010A fou Shier —-5 (log 4s i) log 78 ii) Jog 0.048 WPS BeurersS Ie fh) 6 > @ 2547 i) 3422 Gi, SIDxG95" i537 87wie AO’ y 4 'a Ulu x dnael ,a>0,y>0 ust axyeR £a'=y/ ure! x=log,y titel x=log,y ae ele 2718) Li B20 CY Briggs) Lapheiieby ys Ay / LL A6S (Naperian) of ikd8 (FL UKE ws (characteristic) 6 6 Ab) Se? Soe EL Pei Les” -ut£ (mantissa) ef PreiiturnLc Gb Lie th oe 6FbIL rere 1 @) -otn BWVL pA Lrenetnl 26 66 L wide Gi) oh DT Supra PA State 37 TekKl 324 Lbintge vedi (ebred BOS el) 2 bt ett (ULL) GLI Pb IL a gor mide rad et Abend tL tree log, = 0.434311! log, 10 = 2.3026 LiL Ae log, (mn) = log, m+log,n (i) log, (+ log, m—log,n (ii) log, (m")=nlog,m (iii) log, n=log,nxlog,b (iv) 88 ba Br