BADMINTON

Badminton has its origin in ancient civilization in Europe and Asia. The
ancient game Known as battledore (bat or Paddle) and shuttlecock probably
originated more than 2000 years ago.
Modern badminton can be traced to mid-19th century British India. It was
created by British Military officers stationed there. As popular as it was in the British
garrison town of “Poona” or Poonai this game was taken by retired officer who
get back to England. It was introduced as a game for the quest of the Duke of
Beaufort at his stately home “Badminton” in Gloucestershire, England where it
became popular Hence, the origin of the name Badminton.
The first Open Tournament was held at Guildford on March 1898.
The first major IBF tournament was the Thomas Cup (world men's team
championships) in 1948. Since then, the number of world events has increased
with the addition of the Uber Cup (women's team), World Championships
(individual events), Sudirman Cup (mixed team), World Junior Championships and
the World Grand Prix Finals.
Badminton is a new Olympic sport. It was a demonstration sport at the 1972
Munich Olympics. Badminton eventually became an Olympic sport in Barcelona
in 1992. Only the singles and doubles were introduced for the first time in the
Olympic Games. Mixed doubles was included in the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games
and badminton is the only sport that has a mixed doubles event in the Olympics.

Badminton Equipment

1. Badminton Racket - rackets can be made from several types of material. A

nylon type.
2. Shuttle cock - it could be a feather which consist of 16 goose feathers. And
the other one is made up of plastic one.
3. Badminton shoes –are designed to give you better traction and grip to stop
in time to return a shot.
4. Badminton Attire –A comfortable pair of shorts and cotton or dry-fit t-shirt is
sufficient
Basic Rules of Badminton
1. A game starts win a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide whether
they should serve as receive first or what side of the court they want to be
on.
2. At no time during the game should the player touch the net with the racket
or his body.
3. The shuttlecock should not be carried on or come to rest on the racquet.
4. A player should not reach over the net to hit the shuttlecock.
5. A serve must carry cross court (diagonally) to be valid.
6. During the serve, a player should not touch any of the lines of the court,
until the server strikes the shuttlecock. During the serve the shuttlecock
should always be hit from below the waist.
7. A point is added to a player’s score as and when he wins rally.
8. A player wins a rally when he strikes the shuttlecock and it touches the floor
of the opponent’s side of the court or when the opponent commits a fault.
9. Each side can strike the shuttlecock only once before it passes over the net.
Once hit, a player can strike the shuttlecock in a new movement or shock.
10. The shuttlecock hitting the ceiling is counted as a fault.

Injury Prevention and risk management

Badminton injuries are either acute, traumatic injuries such as ankle sprains,
or are overuse injuries such as impingement syndromes. Both types of injuries can
be prevented by using the right equipment, warming up, cooling down and
ensuring you are strong and fit enough to compete.

Badminton Techniques

 Serve – long or short

 Forehand

◼ For right handed players: A stroke hit when the shuttle is on the right side of the body.

◼ For left handed players: A stroke hit when the shuttle is on the left side of the body.

 Round the head – An overhead stroke played on the left or backhand side of the body.

 Smash – A hard hit overhand stroke with a fast downward path.

◼ It is a main attacking stroke.

 Drive – A powerfully hit forehand or backhand stroke which just clears the top of the net.
 ◼ Difficult to return due to the shuttle’s straight-line trajectory.

 Clear – A stroke which sends the shuttle high over the opponent’s head and drops near the
backcourt boundary line.

◼ It may be hit with and overhand or underhand stroke.

◼ Can be used as offensive or defensive play.

 Drop Shot – The shuttle is stroked over the net so it drops very close to the net.

BADMINTON TERMINOLOGIES
 Alley – An extension of the width of the court by 1’6” on both sides

◼ Used in doubles.

 Back alley – Between the doubles back service line and the singles back service line.

 Baseline – Another name for the back boundary line.

 Bird – Officially known as shuttlecock. Referred to as shuttle.

 Block – Placing the racket in front of the shuttle and letting it rebound into the opponent’s side
of the court.

 Carry – Holding the shuttle on the racket during a stroke. Also called a “sling” or a “throw”.

◼ This is illegal.

 Center or basic position – Position in which a player stands in relation to the court, net,
opponent and shuttle.

 Clear – High, deep shot to the back boundary line.

 Double hit – hitting the shuttle twice in the same stroke

◼ This is illegal.

 Doubles – Game of four players, two on each team.

 Down – Loss of serve given when when the serving side fails to score.

◼ In doubles, the first side to serve at the start of the game only has one down.

 Drive – A hart hit horizontal flight over the net.

 Drop shot – A stroke hit with very little speed that falls very close to the net on the opponents
side.

 Fault – any violation of the rules.

 Game – A game consists of 15 points in doubles and 11 points in singles.

  Hairpin stroke – Made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle just clearing the
net and dropping sharply downward.

VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a

net. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it
on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The
team has three hits for returning the ball.
In the winter of 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United States), William G.
Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game
called Mintonette -now volleyball, a name derived from the game of badminton,
as a pastime to be played indoors and by any number of players. The game took
some of its characteristics from other sports such as tennis and handball.
The activities required when playing volleyball strengthen the upper body,
arms, shoulders, thighs, abdominal, and lower legs. In
addition, volleyball improves hand-eye coordination, reflexes, and balance.
Volleyball also teaches teamwork and communication and is a great
social activity.

Basic Skills in Playing Volleyball

1. Serve
2. Passing
3. Dig
4. Attacking
5. Setting
6. Blocking
Equipment Needed in Playing Volleyball
1. Ball
2. Net
3. Score Sheet
4. Score Board

Basic Volleyball Rules

• Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in the back
row.
 • Points are made on every serve for the winning team of the rally (rally-point
scoring).
• Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
• Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
• A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
• A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of
the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling
above a non-playable area.
• It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
• It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
• A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
• After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
• Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play

Top Benefits of Playing Volleyball

1. Improves cardiovascular health and muscular system
2. Improves hand and eye coordination
3. Enhances your reflexes and reaction time
4. Develops agility, speed, coordination, stamina and flexibility
5. Increases your metabolic rate
6. Improves interpersonal skills and builds teamwork
7. Reduces stress and anxiety
8. Develops self-esteem and boost confidence
9. Teaches accountability
10. Great way to meet people
Injury Prevention and Risk Management

Since volleyball involves repetitive overhead motions, such as spiking and

blocking, players are prone to overuse injuries of the shoulder. In addition,
volleyball players are particularly susceptible to finger injuries, ankle sprains,
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and patellar tendinitis. Usually injuries can
be treated con-operatively with bracing and physical therapy, or home
rehabilitation exercises. However, treatment can vary significantly depending on
the injury. Recovery time usually depends on the injury.
Rules of the game, established by Morgan:

1. The game. The game shall consist of nine innings

 Inning. An inning shall consist of: when one person is playing on each side, one
service each side; when two are playing on each side, two services each side; when
three are playing each side, three services each side. The man serving continues to
2. do so until out by failure of his side to return the ball. Each man shall serve in turn.

Court. The court or floor space shall be 25 feet wide and 50 feet long, divided into
two square courts, 25 feet by 25 feet, by the net. Four feet from the net on either
side and parallel with it shall be a line across the court, the dribbling line. The
boundary lines must be plainly marked so as to be visible from all parts of the
court. Note: The exact size of the court may be changed to suit the convenience of
3. the place.

Net. The net shall be at least two feet wide and 27 feet long and shall be
suspended from uprights placed at least one foot outside the side lines. The top of
4. the net must be six feet six inches from the floor.

Ball. The ball shall be a rubber bladder covered with leather or canvas. It shall
measure not less than 25 inches, nor more than 27 inches in circumference, and
5. shall weigh not less than nine ounces nor more than twelve ounces.

Server and Service. The server shall stand with one foot on the back line. The ball
must be batted with the hand. Two services or trials are allowed him to place the
ball in the opponent’s court. The server may serve into the opponent’s court at nay
place. In a service, the ball must be batted at least 10 feet, no dribbling allowed. A
service which would strike the net, but which is struck by another of the same side
before striking the net, if it goes over into the opponent’s court, is good, but if it
6. should go outside, the server has no second trial.

Scoring. Each good service unreturned or ball in play unreturned by the side
receiving counts one score for the side serving. A side only scores when serving, as
a failure to return, counting for the opposite side. The ball hitting the net on the first
7. service shall be called dead, and counts as a trial.

Net Ball. A play, which hits the net, aside from the first service, is called a net ball,
and is equivalent to a failure to return, counting for the opposite side. The ball
8. hitting the net on first service shall be called dead, and counts as a trial.

Line Ball. A line ball is a ball that strikes the boundary line. It is equivalent to one
9. out of court, and counts as such.

Play and Players. Any number of players may participate that is convenient to the
place. A player should be able to cover about 10 by 10 feet. Should any player
during play touch the net, it puts the ball out of play and counts against his side.
Should any player catch or hold for an instant the ball, it is out of play and counts
for the opposite side. Should the ball strike any object other than the floor and
10. bound back into play, it is still in play.