UNIT IV

INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is one of the most popular, competitive and recreational sports in the world. It is fast, it
is exciting and the action is explosive (FIVB, 2013) It has become a widespread team sport in
United States of America and throughout the world. The game is open for young, adult and even the
senior rank. It is played by six players as the official game, two players as beach volleyball and
sometimes even more for recreational activities. The basic objective of the sport is to volley the ball
over the net. It is a game of skill, endurance and strategy. This game can play by any level
(beginners and elite). It is entertaining and enjoyable.

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF VOLLEYBALL

In 1895 Prof. William G. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the Young Men's
Christian Association (YMCA) developed the game of volleyball, initially called "mintonette" after
the invention of basketball in 1891. He designed the game to be a combination of basketball,
baseball, softball, and tennis.
Before the development of volleyball, basketball game became popular recreation for men.
Unfortunately some people particularly older businessman rejected the basketball because of body
contact and the roughness or game. He comes up with the idea of hitting the basketball back and
forth by hand. He also considered the game tennis, but rejected the idea because of the sport
required balls, racquets, and nets which were too expensive. However the concept of a net was a
good idea to divide the players. He put a net which is SIX feet and six inches in height between two
groups of participants. 1nen he developed some rules and a mintonette was developed. In 1896,
Alfred Halstead, who is also a faculty member changed the name mintonette to "'volleyball", after
the game demonstration of Morgan. The rules may vary and change. Some rules were similar and
others were different, For example, in the original game rules, any number of players could play
regardless of gender and status. The players were not allowed to touch the net. Other rules such as
players did not rotate and the court size was not standardized and even the height of the net. In
1912, the new version of the rules started. The court, height of net and the ball were standardized,
and the rule requiring the players to rotate clockwise before a serve was established. In 1916, the
YMCA and the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) published the rules and made
added changes such as the height of the net became eight feet, the game score set at 15, and the
winner of the match which the team that won two out of three games. The popularity of sport is
rapidly rising as a recreational and professional sport; participant and as a spectator sport.
PERIODICAL EVENTS OF VOLLEYBALL
In 1910, the game was introduced in the Philippines by Elwood Brown.
In 1913, Volleyball was played in Far Eastern Championship Games (Manila).
In 1916, "attack" which is an offensive skill of hitting the ball in a high trajectory was introduced in
the Philippines. In 1917, the scoring system was changed from 21 to 15 points (side-out).
In 1920, three hits per side were allowed and back row attack rules were instituted.
In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. Twenty-seven teams
from 11 states were represented.
In 1930, the beach volleyball game was introduced consisting of two men a-side.
In 1947, Federation International De Volley-Ball (FIVB), the international governing body of
volleyball was founded.
In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo as a medal sport.
In 1974, the World Championships was held in Mexico
.In 1986, Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
In 1995, marked the 100 years of the volleyball sport!
In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.

VOLLEYBALL COURT
THE NET AND COURT

The volleyball court measures 18 x 9 meters

Free zone that is 3 meters wide on all sides
Height of Net for women: 2.24 meters
Height of Net for men: 2.43 meters

LINES AND ZONES

Side line 18 meters

End line or Service Line 9 meters
Attack line 9 meters
Center line 9 meters
Back Zone or Back Row Area 6 meters
Front Zone or Front Row Area 3 meters

THE POSTS AND CABLE

Posts distance 0.5 to 1.0 meter outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters high.

THE ANTENNAE AND SIDE BANDS

Antennas are 1.8 meters long made of fiberglass

THE REFEREE'S STAND

It allows the referee to stand about four reet above floor level. From this point, the umpire or the
official can see ne railyot the play, the action of the game and the illegal movements committed by a
player or a team.

THE BALL

The Ball The ball is made of leather or synthetic leather, spherical and have a circumference of 65-67
cm, a weight of 260-280 g and an inside pressure of 0.30-0.325 kg/cm2.
HOW TO PLAY
A team is made up of 12 players (6 starting players), 1 coach, and 1 asst. coach The game is a rally
point system, there will be a score once they committed error or fault regardless if the team is serving
or receiving team. For every set, there will be a twenty five (25) points. A match is won when a team
has won three sets out of five or, in a "short match', when a team has won two sets out of three.
Tossing the coin or "toss coin" is done by the team captains before the Start of the first game and
another toss coin for the deciding set if needed. The Winning team captain can choose service or
preferred side of the court.
Positions and zones are important. The players in the front zones are called the right front (zone 2),
center front (zone 3), and left front (zone 4). The three back row. players are the left back (zone 5), the
center back (zone 6), and the server or right back (zone 1).
After the side out, the new server moves from the right front zone (zone 2) to the right back (zone 1).
Players rotate clockwise.
Each team is allowed to have two time outs per set. Time outs are 30 seconds long.
For substitutions, a starting player can be replaced only one time per set. The substitute player cannot
return to the game once he or she is replaced by the original player. Substitution made six times per set
(international rules).
In the first contact, there will be no double violation; the player may hit the ball with any part of the
body.
Only three touches or contacts are allowed per side of the net. A fourth contact would be a violation.
For a common scenario pass, set, and attack would be the three normal contacts that a team would
make. The ball can be hit over the net with one and two contacts are also allowed. A block is not
counted as one of the three contacts.

TERMINOLOGIES
Ace. An successful in-bound legal serve, resulting in a point for the serving team.
Antennae. The vertical red and white flexible rods along the outside edge of the net; they
extend 32 inches above the net and indicate out of bounds along the sideline.
Assist. A ball pass or a set to a teammate, who attacks or hit the ball to the opposite court.
Attack. The offensive action of hitting the ball; the attempt by one team to terminate the play
by hitting the ball to the opposite court.
Attack line. A three-meter line parallel to the net; the attack line separatesthe front-row players
from the back-row players.
Attacker. Also known as the "hitter" or "spiker"; a player who attemptsto hit a ball offensively
with the purpose of terminating the play in his or her team's favor.
Back-row attack. An attack in which a back-row player jumps from behind the nine meter
line.
Ready position. The flexed yet comfortable posture a player assumes before moving to the
point of contact.
Rotation. The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving
position.
Serve. The act of putting the ball in play.
Set. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can attack or hit into
the opponent's court.
Setter. The player who makes the set to the attackers.
 Side-out. Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving
team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error; the receiving team thus gains the right to
serve.
Spike. Also "hit" or "attack"; a ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team with
the intent to terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off the opponent's blocker
Target area. The area toward which the pass is directed; the setter is released into this area to
prepare to set.
Transition. The term for changing from offense to defense or defense to offense.
Underhand pass. Same as a bump or dig pass.
Volley. An overhand pass or set of the ball.
Zones. A numbering system that designates the placement of a player or the target area of the
ball.

UNIT V
BASIC SKILLS OF VOLLEYBALL

1. SERVING
is the act of putting the ball in play by a player sounds simple, but actually it
describes one of the most important plays in the game of volleyball. ... The ball is
held in the left hand to the front and right side of the body so that it will be directly
in line with the right hand.

 Underhand serve: The most common served used by the neophytes in the lower level of
tournament. It has a greater chance of achieving the 90 percent accuracy rate.

 Sidearm serve: the one side of the player that is going to serve the ball should be turned
towards the net or to the opponents' side. The ball should rest on one palm. The arms of
the server should be stretched or half stretched at the level of the shoulder.
 Overhead (Frontal) Serve: Hitting the ball overhead.

 Jump Serve: a type of volleyball serve where the player increases the power and height of
their serve by jumping into the hit.
2. SETTING

Setting is the second step of passing, and it can be done to either dump the ball
over into an undefended spot or to “set” the ball into a position that allows the
hitter to spike it over. The perfect set is a high ball, just inches from the net.

 Forearm setting:  Forearm Pass Forearm volleyball pass involves hitting the ball in a

controlled manner to your teammate. The forearms are made into a flat platform,
positioned ready for the ball to come into contact. The arms aren't necessarily swung
when passing. Swinging the arms will result in a less controlled pass.

 Overhead setting: overhead pass involves hitting the ball using an overhead playing

motion to direct the ball to your teammate. The ball is played with the fingers using
an overhead setting action. Overhead Passing. Obviously, the goal of passing is to
prevent the ball from landing on the court.
3. BLOCK
A stuff block is when a player jumps above the net and blocks the ball back into the person that
spiked the ball.

 Kill or Attack: A kill is when a team spikes the ball and it is successfully put away. A six
pack occurs when a defensive player gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball. Also
called a facial.

 Floor Defense: the art of defending the ball behind the block, and often requires player to
dig or dive to keep the ball alive. Use this session and get your players down and digging
the ball, and turning offense into defense as quickly as possible.