12

PHILOSOPHY
Quarter 1
Lesson 5

CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning

Empowerment Toolkit
Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

NOT FOR SALE

For Zamboanga City Division Use Only

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 1

Subject/Grade PHILO.12 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 DAY 2 _____________________

dd/mm/yyyy

CODE PPT11/12-Id-2.2
LEARNING Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth
COMPETENCY
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the
Learner’s Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
OBJECTIVE/S:1. To make them realize that the methods of philosophy lead to
wisdom and truth
2. To develop critical thinking
TOPIC TITLE: Methods of Philosophy that Lead to Wisdom and Truth

LESSON PROPER:

Methods of Philosophy lead to wisdom and truth

According to Richard Double (1999), although philosophy is an organized
body of knowledge, the subject matter of philosophy is questions, which have three
major characteristics

1. Philosophical question has answers but the answers remain in dispute.

2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.
 method that philosophers use to address philosophical questions
 ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking.
 understanding of philosophy and refraining from merely claims but through
careful thought.
 claims but through careful thought
The methodology or method that philosophers use to address philosophical
questions is critical thinking. Critical thinking and self-assessment are important;
though critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A person with a
good memory and who knows a lot of truth/fact is not necessarily good at critical
thinking.
One tries to become “philosopher” because one possesses and cherishes
above the rest of humanity the love of “wisdom” which is a part of human nature and
because one more reflectively and critically brings to light and examines the largest
and widest implications of the life of all human beings.

For Maboloc and Pascua (2008) Critical thinking is a life-long

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GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 2

process of self-assessment that further consists of:

 Defining, analyzing, and devising solutions;

 Arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions;
 Applying understanding and knowledge to new and different problems; willingness
to change one point of view; continually examining and re-examining ideas; and
 Willingness to say “I don’t know” If one accepts one’s limits or has the courage to
say “I don’t know” then it becomes an honest appraisal or say, solving a problem.
Only if one is able to change one’s point of view based on arising evidence and
continually re-examining ideas, can a more holistic perspective of truth be arrived
at.
ATTRIBUTES OF A CRITICAL THINKER
 Looking for evidence to support assumption and beliefs
 Adjusts opinions
 Looks for proof
 Examines problems
 Rejects irrelevant and incorrect information

A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what he knows, and he

knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant
sources of information to inform himself.

Critical thinking is the careful, reflective, rational and systematic approach to

questions of very general interest. Critical thinking means understanding philosophy
and refraining from merely giving claims but through careful thought, one reason
through argumentation.

7 Steps to Improving Your Critical Thinking

1. Don’t Take Anything at Face Value
The first step to thinking critically is to learn to evaluate what you hear, what you
read, and what you decide to do, rather than doing something because it’s what
you’ve always done or accepting what you’ve heard as the truth, spend some time
just thinking. What’s the problem? What are the possible solutions? What are the pros
and cons of each? Of course, you still have to decide what to believe and what to do,
but if you really evaluate things, you’re likely to make a better, more reasoned choice.
2. Consider Motive
Know where the information is coming from is a key part of thinking critically
about it. Everyone has a motive and a bias. Sometimes,it’s pretty obvious; other
times, it’s a lot harder to detect. Just know that where any information comes from
should affect how you evaluate it — and whether you decide to act on it.
3. Do Your Research
All the information that gets thrown at us on a daily basis can be
overwhelming, but if you decide to take matters into your own hands, it can
also be a very powerful tool. If you have a problem to solve, a decision to
make, or a perspective to evaluate, get more information and start reading
about it. The more information you have, the better prepared you’ll be to think
things through and come up with a reasonable answer to your query.
4. Ask Questions
Don’t shy away from questions. If there are things unclear that needs
clarification that you need to ask questions, don’t be shy , ask. And once you go down
that rabbit hole, you not only learn more, but often discover whole new ways of

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GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 3

thinking about things. Think those other perspectives can also help you get closer to
thinking through a problem or uncovering what’s what.
5. Don’t Assume You’re Right
Being right feels awesome. It’s an ego trip almost everyone aims to take at
some time or another. But assuming you’re right will often put you on the wrong track
when it comes to thinking critically. Because if you don’t take in other perspectives
and points of view, and think them over, and compare them to your own, you really
aren’t doing much thinking at all — and certainly not the critical kind.
6. Break It Down
Being able to see the big picture is often touted as a great quality, but I’d wager
that being able to see that picture for all its components is even better. After all, most
problems are too big to solve all at once, but they can be broken down into smaller
parts. The smaller the parts, the easier it’ll be to evaluate them individually and arrive
at a solution.
7. Keep It Simple
This means finding the simplest explanation that fits all facts. This is what you
would call the most obvious explanation, and the one that should be preferred, at
least until it’s proven wrong.

Critical thinking isn’t easy. It involves letting go of what we want to believe

and embracing a whole bunch of new information. It’s uncomfortable, but it’s also
interesting. Critical thinking should not be confused with being argumentative or being
critical of other people. Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing
fallacies and bad reasoning, critical thinking can also play an important role in
cooperative reasoning and constructive tasks. Critical thinking can help us acquire
knowledge, improve our theories, and strengthen arguments. We can use critical
thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions.

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 4

LEARNING INSIGHT 1: (To be A senior high school student was

written on the answer sheet for the
activity and assessment)
What are the attributes of critical
thinking, and which one do you need
to develop? Explain
LEARNING INSIGHT 2: (To be
written on the answer sheet for the
activity and assessment)
What important idea/s have you
learned on the lesson?
How can you improve you critical
thinking skill?
caught cheating on the last quarter
exam. A high passing grade on this
exam is essential, since the exam
grade was so important for the overall
general average so he can be included
in the list of honor students. The
teacher respected the student and
counted the student as a favorite,
especially since the student was
applying for the PMA.. The teacher
decided to ignore the policy and did not
report the student’s cheating, and
computed the general average with the
highest grade.

LET’S PRACTICE! 1. What are the implications of the

teacher not reporting the cheating
(Answer on the Answer Sheet provided incident?
for Activity and Assessment.) 2. How would you have handled this
Read carefully the situation situation differently?
and answer the questions below.

REMEMBER
KEY POINTS/ CONCEPT

 Philosophizing might sound a big word but in reality it deals mostly on how one
questions, it has three major characteristics they are as follows; Philosophical
questions have answers but the answers remain in dispute, questions cannot be
settled by science, common sense, or faith, and questions are of perennial
intellectual interest to human beings.
 Bear in mind that the methodology or method that philosophers use to address
philosophical questions is critical thinking: is the careful, reflective, rational and
systematic approach to questions of very general interest. Critical thinking means
understanding philosophy and refraining from merely giving claims but through
careful thought, one reason through argumentation.
 It is important that one must develop critical thinking to be able to arrive and reach
to a sound conclusion, taking into consideration that answers are based on proof,
relevant and correct information.

LET’S TRY
Let’s see how much you have learned today!
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 5

Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the best possible answer
on the answer sheet.

1. What is Critical thinking?

A. ) is the ability to think clearly and rationally
B. ) is ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking
C. ) it is the careful and systematic approach to questions
D. ) all of these answers
2. In the steps in developing critical thinking” If you have a problem to solve, a
decision to make, or a perspective to evaluate” What step does this refer to?
A. ) Keep It Simple
B. ) Don’t Take Anything at Face Value
C.) Don’t Assume You’re Right
D.). Do Your Research
3. What makes a person a critical thinker?
A.) One who accepts any answers no matter what.
B.) One who thinks his opinions are always right
C.) One who looks for proof before making a conclusion
D.) One who looks for evidence even it is irrelevant
4. Philosophy is associated with the study of fundamental and general problems
related to matters of:
A.) knowledge, language and personality
B.) values, mind, and acceptance
C.) reason, existence and values
D.) existence, relationship, and mind
5.) What question should not be asked by critical thinkers?
A. ) Why is it not important?
B. ) What’s happening?
C. ) How do I know?
D. ) What is your feeling about the situation?

Part II - Based from this short article titled “Corona virus: Philippine president says
lockdown violators should be ‘shot dead’” formulate 6 philosophical questions. (
Samuel Osborne, Thursday 2 April 2020 )( 5 pts.)
‘My orders to the police and military ... if there is trouble and there’s an occasion
that they fight back and your lives are in danger, shoot them dead’ The president of
the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, has warned anyone who violates the
country’s coronavirus lockdown measures could be shot.
In a televised address, Mr. Duterte said it was vital everyone cooperates and
follows home quarantine measures. He also said the abuse of medical workers was a
serious crime that would not be tolerated.
Authorities are fighting to slow the spread of Covid-19 and spare the country’s
fragile health system from being overwhelmed. Philippines has recorded 96 corona
virus deaths and 2,311 confirmed cases, with infections now being reported in the
hundreds each day.

Part III-Directions: Read and analyze the situation. Discuss using critical thinking to
arrive to a conclusion.

There was a robbery in which a lot of goods were stolen. It is known that: (1)
Nobody else could have been involved other than A, B and C. (2) C never commits a
crime without A’s participation. (3) B does not know how to drive. So, is A innocent or
guilty?

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 6

Books
Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD., Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human person, Manila, Philippines:Rex
Book Store , 1977,40-41
Christopher Ryan Maboloc and Edgar Pascua II, Elements of
Logic, Quezon City,:Rex Printing Company,2008
Richard Double, Beginning philosophy, New York: Oxford
University press, 1999

Website

“Realize the Methods of Philosphy that Lead to Wisdom and

Truth”https://www.coursehero.com/file/42388345/Realize-the-
Methods-of-Philosphy-that-Lead-to-Wisdom-and-Truthpptx/

“Realize the Methods of Philosophy that lead to Wisdom”,

References
equipaje.sean Updated: July 27,
2016,https://www.powtoon.com/online-presentation/fBoYdDSq
WuT/realize-the-methods-of-philosophy-that-lead-to-wis/?
mode=movie

“Realize the methods of philosophy that lead to wisdom and

truth”, Chloe Martinez, August 5, 2016,
https://prezi.com/i3dybtez3b24/realize-the-methods-of-
philosophy-that-lead-to-wisdom-and-truth/

“Seven Steps to Improving Your Critical Thinking”, Tara

Struyk, 2August2012
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/austincc-
arningframeworks/chapter/chapter-7-critical-thinking-and-
evaluating-information/

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“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 7

12
PHILOSOPHY
QUARTER 1
Lesson 5

CapSLET
Learner’s Activity
and Assessment
Sheets
“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 8

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

NOT FOR SALE

For Zamboanga City Division Use Only

GRADE/
NAME SECTION

SUBJECT Philo. 12 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 DAY ____________________________

Date

TOPIC TITLE Methods of Philosophy that Lead to Wisdom and Truth

LEARNING Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and
COMPETENCY truth(LC-2.2)

UNDERSTAND
Topic Title: Methods of Philosophy that Lead to Wisdom and Truth

Learning Insight 1: What are the attributes of critical thinking, and which one
do you need to develop ? Explain

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Learning Insight 2: How can you improve your critical thinking skill?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Let’s Practice!

1. What are the implications of the teacher not reporting the cheating incident?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 9

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

2. How would you have handled this situation differently?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

LET’S TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today! :!
Multiple Choice:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
Part II - Formulate 5 philosophical questions. ( Samuel Osborne, Thursday 2 April 2020 )
‘My orders to the police and military ... if there is trouble and there’s an occasion that
they fight back and your lives are in danger, shoot them dead’ The president of
the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, has warned anyone who violates the
country’s coronavirus lockdown measures could be shot.
In a televised address, Mr. Duterte said it was vital everyone cooperates and follows
home quarantine measures. He also said the abuse of medical workers was a serious crime
that would not be tolerated.
Authorities are fighting to slow the spread of Covid-19 and spare the country’s
fragile health system from being overwhelmed. The Philippines has recorded 96 coronavirus
deaths and 2,311 confirmed cases, with infections now being reported in the hundreds each
day.
1. ___________________________________________________________________.
2. ___________________________________________________________________.
3. ___________________________________________________________________.
4. ___________________________________________________________________.
5. ___________________________________________________________________.

Part III -Directions: Read and analyze the situation. Discuss using critical thinking to arrive to
a conclusion.
There was a robbery in which a lot of goods were stolen. The robbers left in a truck. It
is known that: (1) Nobody else could have been involved other than A, B and C. (2) C never
commits a crime without A’s participation. (3) B does not know how to drive. So, is A
innocent or guilty? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS
 10

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

ANSWER KEY 2.2

Let’s try
PART I PART II
1. D 1. YES 6. NO 11. NO
2. C 2. YES 7. YES 12. YES
3. C 3. NO 8. YES 13. YES
4. C 4. YES 9. NO 14. YES
5. D 5. NO 10. NO 15. YES
6-10 Essay

“Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto juntopuede!”

GRISELDA M. EGIL, T-II

DPLMHS SASHS