Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

THIS SHALL BE THE COVER PAGE TYPE RESEARCH

TITLE HERE IN AN INVERTED PYRAMID

By:

GIVEN NAME MIDDLE NAME SURNAME

NAME OF SCHOOL

MONTH YEAR

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

TYPE RESEARCH TITLE HERE IN AN INVERTED

PYRAMID FORMAT AND SHOULD NOT

EXCEED FIFTEEN WORDS

A Research

Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School Department

Zambales National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH

By

Given Name Middle Name Surname

Month Year

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………………… i

APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………………….. ii

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………. iii

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………. iv

Dedication (optional) …………………………………………………………………. v

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………….. vi

List of Tables and Figures ……………………………………………………………xv

Chapter 1 Introduction

Background of the Study ………………………...…………………………….11

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework …………………………………………. 11

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………….. 12

Hypotheses …………………………………………………………………….. 13

Scope and Delimitation ……………………………………………………….. 13

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………… 14

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………. 14

Chapter 2 Methodology

Research Design ……………………………………………………………… 16

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Population and Locale of the Study …………………………………………. 16

Data Gathering Tools …………………………………………………………..16

Validity and Reliability of Instrument ………………………………… ………..17

Data Gathering Procedures ……………………………………………………..17

Treatment of Data ………………………………………………………………. .17

Questionnaire ………………………………………………………………………. 18

Bibliography

A. Books

B. Journals / Magazines / Newspapers

C. Unpublished Materials

D. Electronic Sources

E. Others

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

NOTE: Technical Layout of the Table of Contents

 This section must be double-spaced throughout

 The subtopics (e.g. Background of the Study, Theoretical/Conceptual
Framework)
must be indented using a single DEFAULT TAB.
 Between subtopics and the specific page number is a set of space-between-
periods. After the last period, type the page number after a single DEFAULT
TAB space.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

List of Tables and Figures

Table

1 XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX ……………………………… x

2 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX

XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ………………………………… x

3 XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX ………………………………………….. x

4 XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX
XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX …………………………………………… x

Figure

1 XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXX ………………………….. x

2 XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX ………………………….. x

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

NOTE: Technical Layout for the List of Tables and Figures

 Subheadings (Table or Figure) must be left aligned.
 The table numbers must be indented using a single DEFAULT TAB. Leave
two character spaces before typing the table/figure heading or caption.
 Table/Figure headings must consist of the exact captions of the table/figure in the
text.
 Between subtopics and the specific page number is a set of space-between-
periods. After the last period, type the page number after a single DEFAULT
TAB space.
 Captions should be separated by double spacing, but each caption that is more
than one line in length should be single-spaced.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

This is the overview of the research discussing a situational analysis that

portrays the problem in the global, national, regional, and local context. This may also

include: (a) the justification of what generated interest and motivation for the researcher

that led to the conceptualization of the problem; (b) the logical continuity between

relevant previous work with the present work; (c) the theoretical or practical importance

of the study; and (d) in general, this section must give the reader a firm sense of what

was done and why.

Theoretical / Conceptual Framework

This includes: (a) the different theories and models that provide the conceptual

underpinnings of the study or the legitimate bases for defining its parameters; (b)

general reviews or surveys about the topics that can be referred to that are available;

(c) an emphasis of pertinent findings, relevant methodological issues, and major

conclusions.

This section is very significant because the theories shall help in the

interpretation of the research findings. It is advisable to use free standing headings and

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

paragraph headings whenever necessary to assist organizing the concepts being

presented.

Free Standing Heading

XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX

XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX X.

Paragraph Heading. XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX X XXXXX

XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX.

Present the operational definition of key terms. That is, the brief description of

terms as they are used in the text has to be provided.

The paradigm of the study is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual

framework. It depicts in a more vivid way what the conceptual framework wants to

convey. The paradigm also requires a clear discussion of the elements of variables and

their relationship. The researcher should know the value of controlling a particular

variable in order that interference of other variables in the prediction will be avoided or

minimized.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Therefore, the final portion in this subtopic is allotted for the discussion of the

paradigm. Note that the discussion is provided before the presentation of the diagram.

Statement of the Problem

The research problem is one or more questions to be answered empirically. The

main problem is usually stated in a declarative form and covers the broad area. It

states the intent of the investigation in a clear grammatical sequence, shows

congruence with the title and the theoretical framework, and provides linkage with the

methodology to be used.

The specific research problems are in the form of interrogative statements.

These specific problems or sub-problems are interrelated parts of the main problem into

smaller subparts.

The general problem must be typed after an Arabic numeral (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.)

while the sub-problems must be numbered as per decimal (e.g. 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, etc.).

Hypotheses

Hypotheses are tentative, intelligent guess set forth as possible explanations for

an occurrence. They are posted for the purpose of assisting the researcher in directing

the investigation of a problem.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The hypotheses should provide the researcher’s expected answers to the sub-

problems. They should be stated clearly and unambiguously in a declarative form. Use

the null hypothesis except for literary or qualitative researches.

Since the hypotheses are one-on-one with the problems, the numbering of the

hypotheses must be congruent with the problems.

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of the study defines the inclusive frame of reference and the

procedural limits. The delimitation of the problem sets the precise boundaries of the

problem area, the variables and the sample, and what the researcher will include or

exclude. The setting of the problem should be stated in terms of geography, period

covered, subjects and area limitations. Constraints in resources, data sources, and

administrative permission should also be included. It should also describe the restraints

imposed by the sampling method and the restrictions imposed by the study designed on

the interpretation of findings.

Significance of the Study

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The significance of the study must specify the person/s, institution/s or

organization/s who will gained benefit/s from the result of the study. Furthermore, state

the benefit/s they will obtain.

Definition of Terms

Make an introductory statement on this part. Specify how the researcher define

each terms in his study.

Guidelines in defining terms:

1. Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings in the study
are defined.
2. Terms should be defined operationally, that is, how they are used in the study.
3. The researcher may develop his own definition from the characteristics of the term
defined.
4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books, magazines, and newspaper
articles, dictionaries and other publications but the researcher must acknowledge his
sources.
5. Definitions should be as brief, clear and unequivocal as possible.
6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it is not commonly known
or it is use for the first time. Terms should be arranged in alphabetical order.

The terms to be defined must written in bold form, capitalize only the first letter of

the term and always provide a period at the end. Leave two space bar before the start

of the definition. If two terms are to be defined, make sure that both of the first letter of

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

both terms should be capitalized. If two lines or more is needed for the definition, on the

second line, one default tab before you continue. For Example:

Descriptive Research. It involves the description, recording, analysis, and

interpretation of the present nature, composition, or processes of phenomena.

Research. It refers to the process of gathering data or information to solve a particular

or specific problem in a scientific manner.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Chapter 2

Methodology

Make an introductory sentence of this chapter.

Research Design

Indicate the research method used, spell out and reason for the choice of it.

Population and Locale of the Study

Present a narrative description of the population. Start with the universe then to

the sample. Explain the sampling technique used, if any. When needed, a tabular

presentation of the respondents’ characteristics may be done after its textual

explanation.

Table 1. Table Title

------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------------

------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------------

------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------------

Data Gathering Tools

Describe briefly the instrument or materials used and their function in the study.

If the data gathering is through a structured paper-and-pencil tool, discussion of the

characteristics, if any, should be presented.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

It should discuss how the instrument is validated. Normally, instrument is

validated by at least three (3) experts on the field of study to evaluate and make

corrections and suggestions as the case may be. Reliability is being attained through

conducting dry-run to different respondents but not the real or actual respondents to test

the reliability of the instrument.

Data Gathering Procedures

It should discuss what the researcher did and how the researcher was done.

Summarize each step in the execution of the research, including the instructions

given to the participants. Describe the randomization, counterbalancing, and other

control features in the design.

Treatment of Data

This is the basis for the evaluation of the appropriateness of the procedure for

the analysis of the data. For quantitative research, all statistical tools have to be

presented inclusive of how these were used and their formula. Alongside the statistical

tools will be a presentation of their corresponding null hypothesis, if these were the

basis in the analysis of the findings.

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Zambales
ZAMBALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Zone VI, Iba, Zambales

Telephone No: (047) 602-1202