Statistics &

Probability
LP 3 – Day 3
ELVIE A. LLAMAS
Statistics & Teacher III HNHS - SHS
Probability
 Numeracy drop represented by – (negative)
Do the following operation:
1. ( −21 ) + ( − 27 ) =−𝟒𝟖
2. ( −29 ) −16= (− 29 ) +(− 16)=− 𝟒𝟓
3. ( −14 ) × ( −12 ) =𝟏𝟔𝟖
4. 125 ÷ 5=𝟐𝟓
Read and answer. Show the process.
Every hour, the temperature drops by three degrees.
What is the temperature's overall decline after six hours?
What is asked in the problem?Temperature’s decline after 6 hours
______________________
Temperature drops by 3
What is the given information? _______________________
multiplication
What is the operation to be used? ______________________
−3 × 6=𝑁
Write the number sentence. ___________________________
Statistics & −3 × 6=−18
Solve. ______________________________
The temperature’s decline after six hours is -18.
Probability Final answer: ______________________________
 Draw a line to match the commonly used
notations in Column A to its definitions in
hypothesis testing in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. 𝐻𝑜 A. Significance Level (5%, 1% etc), Probability of a Type I
  error
2. 𝐻𝑎 B. critical value
3. 𝛼 C. z-value
4. 𝛽 D. Sample Standard Deviation
5. 𝑁 E. Population Mean
6. 𝑛 F. Null Hypothesis
7. 𝜇 G. Power of a Test, Probability of a Type II error
8. 𝜎 H. Alternative Hypothesis
9. 𝜎2 I. Population Standard Deviation
10. 𝑥 J. Population Size
11. 𝑠 K. Population Variance
Statistics & 12. 𝑠2 L. Sample Variance
13. 𝑧 M. Sample Mean
Probability 14. 𝑡 N. Sample Size
 THE BOAT IS SINKING!
Play the boat is sinking and then do the next
action.
1. Put them in groups based on sex.
2. Identify their gender-specific average age.
3. 10 groups should be formed. Let them
calculate the average age for each group.
4. Put them in a single group. They should
determine their average age.
Ask:
 Which of the following numbers you calculated
Statistics & represents statistics and a parameter? Why?
Probability
 identifies the
parameter to be
tested given a real-
life problem
Statistics &
Probability
 THINK – PAIR - SHARE
Identify the parameters and other given information in
the following scenarios. Write NA if it is unknown.
1. A labor union president claims that the mean age of the
employees in a certain company is 38 with a standard
deviation of 6. A random sample of 30 employees from the
same company has a mean age of 36 and standard deviation
of 5. Test at 5% significance level that the mean age of the
employees is not 38.
Parameters:
Population Mean: _____ Population Standard Deviation: _____
Statistic:
Sample Mean: _________ Sample Standard Deviation: ________
Others:
Statistics & Sample Size: _________ Significance Level: _________
Probability
 2. A teacher wants to find out if his teaching strategy is
effective. A sample of 25 students took a 100-point
examination and the average is 80 with a standard
deviation of 7. Test at 90% confidence level that the
average of the students is greater than 75 which is the
standard passing score.
Parameters:
Population Mean: _____Population Standard Deviation: _____
Statistic:
Sample Mean: _______ Sample Standard Deviation: _______
Others:
Sample Size: ___________ Significance Level: ___________

Statistics &
Probability
 Task 3. What mistakes do people make?
Read the following statements and identify the
errors. Discuss the situations with your
classmates.
1. Maria insists that she is 30 years old when,
in fact, she is 32 years old.
2. Stephen says that he is not bald. His
hairline is just receding.
3. A man plans to go hunting the Philippine
monkey – eating eagle, believing that it is a
proof of his mettle.
Statistics & 4. A student is cheating during the exam to get
Probability high grades but is praised for being smart.
 LET’S THINK DEEPER!

What is a rejection region of

hypothesis testing?
The rejection region or also
know as the critical region is
the range of values that
corresponds to the region where
Statistics & the null hypothesis is rejected.
Probability
 LET’S THINK DEEPER!

What are the errors committed

in hypothesis testing?
Type I error happens when we reject a true
null hypothesis. The probability of
committing this error is known as the
alpha risk or the level of significance (𝛼).
Type II error happens when we accept a
false null hypothesis. The probability of
Statistics & committing this error is denoted by (𝛽) or
Probability also known as the power of the test.
 PRACTICE TIME!
Practice 1.
Analyze the following situation. Determine the significance level
and determine critical values. According to a guidance counselor,
an average student spent less than 7 hours each day for school
works. A sample of 100 students in a certain school reveals that
the mean hours spent of the students is 6.5 hours with a standard
deviation of 0.8. Determine whether the claim of the guidance
counselor is correct with 95% confidence interval.
a. What is the null hypothesis?
b. What is the alternative hypothesis?
c. Is the test to be used one-tailed or two-tailed?
d. What is the significance level?
e. What is the appropriate value of the alpha to be used in
Statistics & determining the critical region?
f. What is/are the corresponding critical values?
Probability g. Illustrate the rejection region/critical region.
 PRACTICE TIME!
Practice 2.
Determine the type of error committed in the following
situations.
a. A politician who steals some government funds for his
own benefit is absolved of his crime.
b. The village people believed the boy when he cried that
there is a wolf in the farm, so they come to his rescue
when the truth is there is no wolf.
c. There is no fire, but the fire alarm rings because some
students are
playing with the alarm.
d. A student is cheating during the exam to get high
grades but is praised for being smart.
Statistics & e. Given that H_o:μ=145 and H_a:μ≠145, a researcher
Probability rejected the null hypothesis when μ=145.
 TEST YOURSELF
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write the required answer for items without
choices.
For items 1 – 3, refer to the situation below.
The average weight of whole chickens sold at the local market is 1.26
kg. A random sample of 40 chickens shows that the mean weight is
1.34 kg. Determine whether the claim of a market manager is correct
with 95% confidence interval.
1. Is the test to be used one-tailed or two-tailed?
Answer: _____________________________
2. What is the significance level?
Answer: _____________________________
3. What is the appropriate value of the alpha to be used in
determining the critical region?
Statistics & Answer: ____________________________
4. What is/are the corresponding critical values?
Probability Answer: _____________________________
 TEST YOURSELF

5. It is a type of error wherein the null hypothesis

is accepted when in fact it is false.
A.Type I error C. Type III error
B.Type II error D. Type IV error
6. Given that and , a researcher rejected the null
hypothesis when . What type of error did the
researcher commit?
C.Type I error C. Type III error
B.Type II error D. Type IV error

Statistics &
Probability
 ASSIGNMENT
Take the next action. Select just 1.
1. Make a sketch of the directed and
non-directional regions where a
hypothesis would be rejected.
2. Write a poem that summarizes
your knowledge of the two forms of
error in hypothesis testing and the
rejection region.
3. Make a graphic organizer that
Statistics & concisely expresses the concept of
Probability hypothesis testing.