THESIS WORK RESEARCH OUTLINE

Name: George polo

Working title (≠ topic): Effectiveness of the European proposal on AI, what actions can be
taken by business leaders

Research question (1 question, may be detailed): How effective are the AI regulation on
EU companies? And could it be final regulation?

Table of contents (2-3 sentences for each section):

1. Introduction

With the technological revolution and rapid development in all areas of life,
artificial intelligence has become a field of strategic importance with the potential
to be a major driver of economic development. Artificial intelligence has both
good and bad effects on the labour market, especially with regard to employment
and unemployment. At the same time, it has a digital gap between people,
especially employees and employers, and challenges in absorbing the advantages
and disadvantages of artificial intelligence in the workplace, through which on 21
April 2021 the European Union presents a proposal for a regulation to govern
artificial intelligence. In this thesis, we will study the importance and the
evaluation of this legislation on companies throw observations, we will offer some
recommendations for appropriate actions for business leaders.

2. General overview

2.1 History of artificial intelligence systems

In the 1940s what the new ‘electronic computers’ did seem enough like the workings of
human brains to excite the imagination maybe these machines could think.
Today, intelligent machines are all around us, they are doing things that mimic human
senses brainpower doing them well. They tutor us in a host of subjects they translate to
and from dozens of languages, we now have true ‘auto mobiles, and robots some with
exquisite mechanical skills, some rather like us, some with limited but very practical brain
power to direct them.

2.2 Problems and challenges of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are arguably the most
transformative technologies available to mankind today. AI and ML have the potential to
completely disrupt most industries and organizations, which means everyone needs to
understand the basics of this fast-evolving field and consider the implications for their
own life, career, and business.
 2.3 AI governance from the European Union

It is understandable that the European Union considers AI to be part of European

strategic autonomy. Moreover, a degree of strategic European digital sovereignty is
needed to safeguard European culture. Nevertheless, it is of existential importance for the
EU to work together in concert with countries that share our European digital DNA,
based on common respect for the rule of law, human rights and democratic values.
Against this background, it is essential to stimulate systematic, multilateral transatlantic
cooperation and jointly promote and achieve inclusive, participatory digitalization. The
transatlantic and geopolitical dialogue on transformative technology, together with the
development of globally accepted technology standards and protocols for interoperability,
should be strengthened.

3. Analysis of the EU regulation on artificial intelligence systems from legal aspects

3.1 Scope and definitions

defines the subject matter of the regulation and the scope of application of the new rules
that cover the placing on the market, putting into service, and use of AI systems. It also
sets out the definitions used throughout the instrument. The definition of an AI system in
the legal framework aims to be as technology-neutral and future-proof as possible,
considering the fast technological and market developments related to AI. In order to
provide the needed legal certainty, Title I is complemented by Annex I, which contains a
detailed list of approaches and techniques for the development of AI to be adopted by the
Commission in line with new technological developments. Key participants across the AI
value chain are also clearly defined such as providers and users of AI systems that cover
both public and private operators to ensure a level playing field.

3.2 Prohibited AI practices

Risk Management System Implementation of the Risk management system to document

and maintain, continuous the operations of the AI environment
Data & Data Governance Training validating and testing models with data are subject to
appropriate data governance and management practices
Technical Documentation Before launch technical documents must be available allowing
clients and regulatory authorities to access the functional risk.
Record-Keeping AI systems must have automatic event logs the monitor system
conformance and operations
Transparency & Provision of information to users An appropriate level of operational
transparency including the ability to access the output of the system must be available to
the user
Human Oversight AI systems shall include the ability for human oversight through
software interfaces Accuracy, Robustness & Cybersecurity AI systems need to be designed
with and include accuracy, robustness (i.e.. resilience), and cybersecurity and maintained
around these principles throughout its lifecycle
Quality Management & Conformity Assessments the AI system must have quality
 management in place and have a conformity assessment performed prior to launch
Country- and EU-level Registration All AI systems must register at the country level and
this information will equally be recorded at the EU level. A CE marking will accompany
all High-risk AI system
Monitoring and enforcement Providers of systems are required to collect, document, and
analyze data from systems in the market

3.3 Codes of conduct

creates a framework for creating codes of conduct, which aim to encourage providers of
non-high-risk AI systems to voluntarily apply the mandatory requirements for high-risk AI
systems (as laid out in Title III). Providers of non-high-risk AI systems may create and
implement the codes of conducting themselves. Those codes may also include voluntary
commitments related, for example, to environmental sustainability, accessibility for
persons with disability, stakeholders’ participation in the design and development of AI
systems, and diversity of development teams

3.4 Final provisions

emphasizes the obligation of all parties to respect the confidentiality of information and
data and sets out rules for the exchange of information obtained during the
implementation of the regulation. also includes measures to ensure the effective
implementation of the regulation through effective, proportionate, and dissuasive
penalties for infringements of the provisions.
sets out rules for the exercise of delegation and implementing powers. The proposal
empowers the Commission to adopt, where appropriate, implementing acts to ensure
uniform application of the regulation or delegated acts to update or complement the lists
in Annexes I to VII.
contains an obligation for the Commission to regularly assess the need for an update of
Annex III and prepare regular reports on the evaluation and review of the regulation. It
also lays down final provisions, including a differentiated transitional period for the
initial date of the applicability of the regulation to facilitate the smooth implementation
for all parties concerned.

4. Practical Analysis: A Recommendation to Business Leaders

4.1 Cases on the Risks

4.2 Evaluating effectiveness HAMPERRA criteria

4.3 Consider action for the business leader

Who should be involved in AI governance?

The board's involvement:

 Business leader accountability:

Continuous monitoring:

The role of purchasing:

Communication:

5. Conclusion

References (min. 10 entries given in appropriate format)

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