Facts about genetics

 Genetics is the study of how traits and characteristics are passed down from
generation to generation through the genetic material, DNA.
 Every human cell contains a complete set of DNA, which is organized into
structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome contains many genes,
which are the specific sequences of DNA that carry the instructions for the
characteristics and traits that we inherit from our parents.
 Genes are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, which come in four
types: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The specific sequence of these
nucleotides determines the genetic code for a particular trait or characteristic.
 Genetic information is passed down from parent to child in the form of
chromosomes. Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes, and the
combination of chromosomes from both parents determines the genetic
makeup of the child.
 Some genetic disorders are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene.
These disorders are called Mendelian disorders and include conditions such as
cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
 Other genetic disorders are caused by the interaction of multiple genes and
environmental factors. These disorders are called complex disorders and
include conditions such as heart disease and cancer.
 Some genetic disorders are inherited in a dominant pattern, which means that
an affected person inherits one copy of the altered gene from one parent.
Other genetic disorders are inherited in a recessive pattern, which means that
an affected person inherits two copies of the altered gene, one from each
parent.
 Some genetic disorders are caused by changes in the number or structure of
chromosomes. These disorders are called chromosomal disorders and include
conditions such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.
 Advances in genetic technology have made it possible to identify many
genetic disorders and to develop genetic tests for certain conditions. Genetic
testing can be used to diagnose genetic disorders, predict the risk of
developing certain disorders, and guide treatment decisions.
 Our understanding of the genetics is still ongoing and researchers are
constantly discovering new things about how our DNA and genetics works.