is 1, Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants through photosynthesis process. Which requires the following except: (a) CO; and water (b) presence of sunlight (©) Oz (d) chlorophyll 2, Which of the following is a disaccharide? (@) glucose (b) fructose (©) sucrose (@) starch 3. Photosynthesis process produces (a) starch (b) cellulose (©) sucrose @) glucose 4, Which one of the following is tasteless? (@) starch (b) glucose (©) fructose @) sucrose 5. ‘When glucose and fructose combine they produce: (a) starch (b) cellulose (©)'suerose (@) none of these 6 Glucose is: (a) hexahydroxy aldehyde (©) pentahydroxy aldehyde (b) hexahydroxy ketone (@) pentahydroxy ketone 7. Thousand of the amino acid polymerize to form (a) carbohydrates (b) proteins © lipids @ vitamins 8 Which one of followings is a triglyceride? (@) carbohydrates _(b) proteins (©) lipids (@) vitamins 9. Enzymes are proteins which have the following properties except: (a) they catalyze reaction (b) they are highly non-specific (0) they are highly efficient (d) they are produced by living cells 10. Which one of the following vitamins is water soluble? (@) vitamin A (®) vitamin C (©) vitamin D @) vitamin E 11. Which one of the following is a fat soluble vitamin? @A ®E @K @) All of these 12, Which one of the following is not the characteristics of monosaccharide? (a) white crystalline solids (b) soluble in water (©) hydrolysable (@) reducing in nature 13. Which one of the following statements about glucose and sucrose is incorrect? (@) soluble in water (b) naturally occurring (©) carbohydrates (@) disaccharides 14, Which one of the following is a reducing sugar? (a) glucose (b) maltose (©) sucrose. (@) starch 15. ‘The most important oligosaccharide is: (a) sucrose (b) glucose (©) fructose @) maltose 16. Night blindness is because of deficiency of: (a) vitamin A (b) vitamin E (©) vitamin C (@) vitamin D 17. The organic compounds used as drugs to control bleeding aire: (@) vitamins () proteins (¢) lipids (4) glycerides 18, Deficiency of Vitamin E causes (@) rickets (©) anemia in babies (b) scurvy (d) night blindness19. 20. Qi Ans. Lipids are macromolecules. They have characteristics except one of the following: (a) they are high energy foods (b) they are soluble in water (©) they are poor conductor of heat (d) they are esters of fatty acids Vitamins are Accessory Growth Factors. They play important role in our body like: (a) provide energy to the body (b) insulate our body from electric shock (©) build brain cells (d) regulate metabolic process ANSWER KEY a BW: Be > b a Be a b © msm Tos wo? d Ts eo c a BEM c | Kips Shale Sle How Plants synthesize carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants through phiotosynthesis process, from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and green pigment chlorophyll. 6CO, +6H,0 ieee >C.H,.0,+60, Give the characteristics of monosaccharides. © Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars which cannot be hydrolyzed. They are usually white crystalline solids. They are soluble in water. © They have sweet taste. Monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Example:- © Trioses « Tetroses ¢ Glucose « Fructose What is difference between glucose and fructose? Q3 Ans. Q4 Ans, Glucose is pentahydroxy aldehyde Fructose is pentahydroxy ketone in in nature. nature. @ It has six headed (hexagonal) like,| Ithas five headed (pentagonal) like cyclic structure. cyclic structure. @ Ithas aldehydic functional group, — |e It has ketonic functional group. ¢ Less sweet in taste. More sweet in taste. Give an example of a disaccharide. How it IS hydrolyzed into monosaccharides? The most common example of disaccharide is sucrose, When it hydrolyse it produce one unit of glucose and one unit of fructose. CiHn011+H20 CeHi206+CeHi20s Sucrose Glucose FructoseQs Ans, Q6 Ans. Q7 Ans. Qs Ans. Ans. Quo Ans. Qui Ans. Q.12 Give the characteristics of polysaccharides. * Polysaccharides are macromolecular carbohydrates. * Thee are amorphous solids. * These are non-reducing in nature. Example © Strach © Cellulose Where the proteins are found? * Proteins are present in all living organisms. They make up bulk of the non-boy structure of the animals. * They are major components of all cells and tissues of animal. * They are found in musles, skin, hair, nails, wool and feathers etc. Describe the uses of carbohydrates. * They provide essential nutrient nutrients to bacteria in intestinal tract that helps in digestion. * Carbohydrates regulate the amount ofsugar level in our body. + Deitry fibre helps to keep the bowel functioning properly. *. Carbohydrates protect our muscles from cramming. ¢ Fibrous carbohydrates lowering the cholesterol level and regulates. Lactose is disaccharide. Which monosaccharide is present in it? Lactose consisting of glucose and galactose is the main sugar in milk and dairy products. Why the ten amino acids are essential for us? Ten out of twenty amino acids can not be synthesized by our body. These amino acids are essential amino acids, must be supplied through diet to fulfill the requirement of our body: While other ten are called non-essential amino acids because these are synthesized by ‘human body and not be required bio taken through diet. How proteins are formed? ‘Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Two amino acids link through peptide linkage is formed by the elimination of water molecule between the amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl acid group of another, such as: oO 5 i Sap oon pr-oet een ICH-COOH (Dehydration) How gelatin is obtained? When bone’s protein is heated it give gelatin. Gelatin is used to make bakery items. Give the general formula of the lipids. Ans. The general formula of lipids. I H,C—O—C—R 9° HC—O—C—R fo) Il HC —O—C—RQ.5 Ans. Q.16 Ans. Qu7 Ans. Q.18 Ans. H,C-OH | H,C-OH + 3C,,H,,COOH —4> H,C-O-C-C,H,; i o 7 dh aie (Steayicacid) 6° (Glycerol) Notewecanbeused H,C-O0-C-C,Hys- o only fatty acid here | ll H,C-O-C-CyHys (Triglyceride) Name two fatty acids with their formulae. Plamitic acid = C)sHs,COOH Stearic acid = Ci7HssCOOH Give the types of vitamins. Vitamins are divided into two types: Fat soluble vitamins © Vitamin A « Vitamin D © Vitamin E ¢ Vitamin K Water soluble vitamins: Vitamin B-complexes ¢ Vitamin C What is the significance of vitamins? Vitamins play an important role in the healthy development of our body. Vitamins help to regulate our body's metabolism. They assist the food for formation of bones and tissues. Vitamins are absolutely necessary for our normal growth. Vitamins are helpful for carbohydrates and intracellular metabolisms. Describe the sources and uses of vitamin A. Sources: © Dairy products, eggs, oils and fats, fish. «It can also be obtained from the beta carotene found in green vegetables, carrots and liver. Uses: © It maintains the health of epithelium. ¢ It controls (effects) the retina’s dark adaptation mechanism. Deficiency of vitamin K leads to which disease? Deficiency of vitamin K causes bleeding due to delayed clotting. That shows the signs of bruising easily and having nose bleeds. Justify water soluble vitamins are not injurious to health. ‘The vitamins that dissolve in water are called water soluble vitamins. Vitamins are rapidly excreted from the body, hence, these are not toxin even if taken in large quantity. Example: . Vitamin B Complex . Vitamin CQ.19 What do you mean by genetic code of life? Ans, “Genetic Code of Life” means those specific instructions which passes from generation to generation, to synthesize the particular proteins from amino acids. It determine whether an organism is a man, a tree, or a donkey. DNA is considered the genetic code of life. Q.20 What is the furiction of DNA? Ans. + DNA is the permanent storage place for genetic information. * DNA carries genes of specific trait. (Errors introduced in geries causes gentic diseases) * DNA controls the synthesis of RNA Q.21 How you justify RNA works like a messenger? Ans. DNA stores genetic information and passes this information to RNA, then RNA reads, decodes and uses this given information to synthesize new proteins. That's way we can say that RNA works like a messenger. The whole activity-of DNA depends upon the RN. ONG QUESTIONS| Q1 What are carbohydrates? How monosaccharides are prepared? Characteristics. Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q2 Explain oligosaccharides. Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q.3 What are polysaccharides? Give their properties. Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q4 Explain the sources and uses of proteins. Ans. See Questions No. 5 QS Explain that amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Ans. See Questions No. 4 Q6 Explain the sources and uses of lipids. Ans. See Questions No. 7 Q.7 Give the importance of vitamins. Ans. See Questions No. 9 Q.8 Describe the sources, uses and deficiency symptoms of water soluble vitamins. Ans, Vitamin B ee a Carbohydrate Fatigue, irritalibity loss of (Thiamine) | Where mats metabolism appetite Vitamin B, | Liver, eggs, whole Tntracellular Glossitis (inflammation of (riboflavin) | ureals, fruits, yeats metabolism tongue) anemila dermatitis. Essential for manufacturing of Liver, red meat, dairy Pernicious anemia, retarted Vitamin B, genete material in cells, , ° | products & fresh Involved in production | SOW of WBC’s ee Essential for Vitamin C | Green vegetables citrus | maintainance of bones, | Survey (bleeding and spon (Ascorbic | suits teeth, and gums, givens of gums) acid) ligaments