The ecological movement, also known as the environmental movement, has its roots in the

conservation movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement was primarily
focused on preserving wilderness areas and wildlife, and was led by figures such as John Muir and
Theodore Roosevelt.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the movement began to shift its focus towards issues related to pollution,
toxic waste, and the impacts of industrialization on the environment. This shift was driven by events
such as the publication of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring," which exposed the dangers of pesticides,
and the 1969 oil spill in Santa Barbara, California.

During this time, the modern environmental movement was born, with the formation of groups such
as the Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth, and the Environmental Defense Fund. These groups focused
on advocating for legislation to protect the environment and held protests against environmental
degradation.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the movement continued to grow and become more diverse, with the
emergence of new issues such as climate change and deforestation. The United Nations Earth
Summit in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, marked a significant moment in the history of the
movement, as it brought together governments, NGOs, and other stakeholders to address global
environmental issues.

In recent years, the movement has broadened its focus to include social and economic justice issues,
recognizing that environmental degradation disproportionately affects marginalized communities.
The movement has also embraced more diverse tactics, including grassroots organizing, corporate
engagement, and legal action.

The ecological movement is continuously evolving and adapting to new challenges and issues, but
the overall goal of protecting the environment and promoting sustainability remains the same.