Pierce PUC Manual PDF

Operation & Maintenance Manual
Pierce Ultimate
Configuration (PUC)
Pumpers
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. Part No. PM-P-OM420-0914

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1. TO THE OWNER

1-1 WHO SHOULD USE, SERVICE AND MAINTAIN THIS VEHICLE ........................................................................... 1-1
1-2 WHAT TO DO IF YOU LACK KNOWLEDGE ...................................................................................................... 1-1
1-3 CAUTIONS, WARNINGS AND DANGERS .......................................................................................................... 1-2
1-3.1 SAFETY WARNING LABELS ................................................................................................................. 1-2
1-4 SAFETY ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3
1-4.1 POWER TAKE-OFF (PTO) SAFETY INFORMATION ................................................................................ 1-3
1-4.2 GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................ 1-3
1-4.2a TO PREVENT INJURY TO YOURSELF AND/OR DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT .............................. 1-3
1-4.2b COLD WEATHER OPERATION OF POWERSHIFT POWER TAKE-OFF (PTO) ............................. 1-4
1-4.2c ROTATING AUXILIARY DRIVESHAFTS .................................................................................... 1-4
1-5 RESPONSIBILITY ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4
1-6 DAILY CHECKS ............................................................................................................................................. 1-5
1-7 CUSTOM PRODUCTS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-5
1-8 PROFESSIONAL, TRAINING, AND STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS ....................................................................... 1-5
1-9 SAFETY DEFECT REPORTING ........................................................................................................................ 1-6
1-10 KEEPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE REFRESHED AND UP-TO-DATE ......................................................................... 1-6
SECTION 2. BEFORE PLACING IN SERVICE

2-1 CREATE A PUMP CHART ............................................................................................................................... 2-1
2-2 CHECK ADJUSTMENT OF INTAKE RELIEF VALVE ............................................................................................ 2-1
SECTION 3. GENERAL
3-1 DESCRIPTION OF PIERCE ULTIMATE CONFIGURATION (PUC) PUMP ................................................................ 3-1
3-2 GENERAL OPERATION .................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3-2.1 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3-2.2 OPERATING THE ENGINE ................................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2.3 COOLING THE ENGINE ....................................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2.4 SUCTION STRAINERS ......................................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2.5 SUCTION LINE ................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2.6 TESTING FOR AIR LEAKS ................................................................................................................... 3-3
3-2.7 SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................. 3-4
3-2.8 PUMPING IN COLD WEATHER ............................................................................................................. 3-4
3-2.9 WHEN FINISHED PUMPING ................................................................................................................. 3-4
3-2.10 PUMPING SALT WATER ...................................................................................................................... 3-4
3-3 TESTING OF EQUIPMENT FOR PRACTICE ....................................................................................................... 3-4
3-3.1 MEASURING PUMP PERFORMANCE ..................................................................................................... 3-5
3-3.2 ACCEPTANCE TESTS .......................................................................................................................... 3-5
3-3.3 ENGINES ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
3-4 EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS ON ENGINE AND PUMP PERFORMANCE .......................................... 3-6
3-5 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPS .................................................................................................... 3-6
SECTION 4. OPERATION
4-1 APPROACHING THE APPARATUS .................................................................................................................... 4-1
4-1.1 STEPPING AND WALKING SURFACES ................................................................................................... 4-1
4-1.2 COMPARTMENT DOORS ...................................................................................................................... 4-2
4-1.3 HOSE BED COVERS ........................................................................................................................... 4-2
4-1.4 FOLDING STEPS OR PLATFORMS ........................................................................................................ 4-2
4-2 HOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 4-3
4-2.1 HOSE STORAGE ................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4-2.2 HOSE RESTRAINT .............................................................................................................................. 4-3
4-2.3 HOSE CHUTES ................................................................................................................................... 4-3
4-2.4 HOSE BEDS ....................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4-2.5 HOSE DEPLOYMENT ........................................................................................................................... 4-4
4-2.6 HOSE CONNECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 4-5
4-3 POSITIONING THE APPARATUS ...................................................................................................................... 4-6
4-3.1 FIRE SCENE POSITIONING .................................................................................................................. 4-6
4-3.2 POSITIONING ON ROADS .................................................................................................................... 4-6
4-3.3 LIGHTING ........................................................................................................................................... 4-6
4-3.4 CHOCK THE WHEELS ......................................................................................................................... 4-6
4-4 OPERATION OF PUC FIRE PUMP ................................................................................................................... 4-7
4-4.1 OPERATION OF PUMP ......................................................................................................................... 4-7
4-4.2 TO ENGAGE THE PUMP—STATIONARY OPERATION ............................................................................ 4-7
4-4.3 ENGAGING PUMP WHEN VEHICLE IS DRIVING – BASIC PACKAGE (STANDARD) ...................................... 4-8
4-4.4 ENGAGING PUMP WHEN VEHICLE IS DRIVING – ADVANCED PACKAGE (OPTIONAL) ................................ 4-9
4-4.5 SUPPLY WATER TO PUMP ................................................................................................................ 4-10
4-5 MANUAL PUMP ENGAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 4-13
4-6 ADJUSTING THE PUMP PRESSURE ............................................................................................................... 4-13
4-6.1 DETERMINE DISCHARGE PRESSURE ................................................................................................. 4-13
4-6.2 ENGINE SPEED AND PUMP PRESSURE .............................................................................................. 4-14
4-6.3 CONTROLLING ENGINE SPEED, PUMPING—PRESSURE GOVERNOR OPERATION ................................. 4-14
4-6.4 CONTROLLING ENGINE SPEED, NOT PUMPING—PRESSURE GOVERNOR OPERATION .......................... 4-14
4-6.5 CONTROLLING ENGINE SPEED WITH MULTIPLE CONTROLS ................................................................ 4-15
4-7 DISCHARGING WATER ................................................................................................................................. 4-15
4-7.1 CONNECTING ATTACK LINE HOSE ..................................................................................................... 4-15
4-7.2 CHARGING LINE ............................................................................................................................... 4-17
4-8 DISCHARGING FOAM ................................................................................................................................... 4-18
4-9 CHANGING FROM TANK TO EXTERNAL PRESSURIZED WATER SUPPLY (WITH GATED INTAKE VALVE) ............ 4-18
4-9.1 CONNECT INTAKE HOSE ................................................................................................................... 4-19
4-9.2 CHARGE THE INTAKE LINE (PRESSURIZED SUPPLY) ........................................................................... 4-20
4-9.3 SUPPLY THE PUMP .......................................................................................................................... 4-21
ii / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4-10 PUMP PRIMING PROBLEM SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................ 4-21

4-10.1 CONTROL VALVES THAT LEAK ......................................................................................................... 4-21
4-11 MONITORING INTAKE PRESSURE ................................................................................................................ 4-21
4-12 REFILLING THE TANK ................................................................................................................................. 4-23
4-13 CHANGING FROM TANK TO EXTERNAL WATER SUPPLY (WITHOUT GATED INTAKE VALVE) ........................... 4-23
4-13.1 STOP FLOWING WATER ................................................................................................................... 4-23
4-13.2 IF YOU ARE CONNECTING TO A PRESSURIZED SUPPLY, CHARGE INTAKE LINE: ..................................... 4-24
4-13.3 RESUME DISCHARGE OPERATION .................................................................................................... 4-24
4-14 ENGINE STATUS DISPLAY .......................................................................................................................... 4-24
4-15 ENDING WATER FLOW OPERATION ............................................................................................................ 4-25
4-15.1 SHUTTING OFF WATER FLOW .......................................................................................................... 4-25
4-15.2 DISENGAGING THE PUMP ................................................................................................................. 4-25
4-15.3 DISENGAGING THE PUMP (STATIONARY OPERATION) ........................................................................ 4-26
4-15.4 DISENGAGING THE PUMP (PUMP AND ROLL) .................................................................................... 4-26
4-15.5 SECURING PUMP SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 4-26
4-16 OPERATING FROM A STATIC (DRAFT) WATER SUPPLY ................................................................................ 4-27
SECTION 5. MAINTENANCE
5-1 INSPECTION, CLEANING, AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................ 5-1
5-1.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................. 5-1
5-2 DRAINING THE PUMPING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 5-1
5-3 FLUSHING THE DRAIN VALVES ..................................................................................................................... 5-2
5-3.1 FORWARD FLUSHING ......................................................................................................................... 5-2
5-3.2 BACK FLUSHING ................................................................................................................................ 5-3
5-4 FLUSHING AND DRAINING THE PUMP ............................................................................................................ 5-4
5-5 PUMP STORAGE .......................................................................................................................................... 5-4
5-6 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS & SERVICES ........................................................................................ 5-4
5-7 PRIMER PUMP LUBRICATION ........................................................................................................................ 5-5
5-8 INTAKE & DISCHARGE RELIEF VALVE DRAINS (OPTIONAL) ........................................................................... 5-6
5-9 MASTER GAUGE PORTS ............................................................................................................................... 5-6
5-10 PUMP TRANSMISSION LUBRICATION ............................................................................................................. 5-7
5-11 ANODE RODS (OPTIONAL) ......................................................................................................................... 5-11
5-12 MECHANICAL SHAFT SEAL ......................................................................................................................... 5-12
5-12.1 MECHANICAL SEAL BASICS .............................................................................................................. 5-12
5-12.2 MECHANICAL SEAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ......................................................................... 5-12
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5-13 ANNUAL TESTING ....................................................................................................................................... 5-13
SECTION 6. REFERENCE TABLES

6-1 CONVERSION FACTORS ................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6-2 PUMP TESTS ................................................................................................................................................ 6-2
6-3 SMOOTH BORE NOZZLE DISCHARGE ............................................................................................................. 6-4
6-4 VARIOUS NOZZLES DISCHARGE ..................................................................................................................... 6-6
6-5 NOZZLE PRESSURE ...................................................................................................................................... 6-7
6-6 VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL NOZZLE REACH ................................................................................................. 6-8
6-7 FRICTION LOSS ............................................................................................................................................. 6-9
6-8 FITTINGS RESISTANCE ................................................................................................................................ 6-11
6-9 PSI TO ELEVATION CONVERSION ................................................................................................................ 6-11
6-10 SCREW THREAD ......................................................................................................................................... 6-12
iv / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.

SECTION 1 TO THE OWNER
1-1. Who Should Use, Service and Maintain This Vehicle
This manual explains the operation of a Pierce® fire apparatus equipped with a Pierce Ultimate Configuration (PUC)
water pump. The manual reviews basic principles of operation, highlights common safety concerns and procedures,
and gives recommendations for using the pump.
This manual assumes that you are a pump operator and that:
• You have already been fully trained and certified to operate a pump.
• You have had formal education from a technical college or other fire fighter training institution.
• You understand, are proficient in, and meet all of the requirements set forth in NFPA 1002 Standard on Fire
Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications (latest edition).
• You already understand water pump operation.
All Pierce vehicles are delivered with a set of manuals for major components that your fire department selected.
If you need replacement manuals, or safety warning labels, contact Pierce customer service at 888-Y-PIERCE (888-
974-3723).
BEFORE operating the pumping system, you, the operator, must read, understand, and follow the instructions found
in:
• Pump manufacturer's operator and maintenance manuals.
• Operator and maintenance manuals for pumping components, such as valves, pressure controllers, flow
controls, manual overrides, foam systems, and primer pumps.
• IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook (latest edition).
1-2. What To Do If You Lack Knowledge
Pump control systems require you to understand the function of each valve, each switch, each gauge, each
Emergency Stop, and each manual override.
Before your fire department allows you to operate this pump, you already must be educated, trained, and have
passed a test for pump logic and operations.
You also must know the principles of operation, so you can change operation when circumstances change.
Each valve, switch, or gauge has an important function. If you are uncertain about the function or don't know
something, inform your fire department's training officer.
You are always welcome to call Pierce Customer Service at 888-Y-PIERCE (888-974-3723) with questions.
You are the only person who knows what you don't know. You must speak up about the things you don't know, so
you can learn about them before someone is injured or killed because of your lack of knowledge.
You are responsible for learning how to operate the pumper under all conditions without having to read this manual
at a fire or other emergency.
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / 1-1
TO THE OWNER
1-3. Cautions, Warnings and Dangers
1-3.1 Safety Warning Labels

Throughout this manual, you will find Caution, Warning and Danger signals. Walk around the apparatus. Find each
Safety Warning Label. Read the label. Identify and pay attention to the hazard it describes. Practice all the time to
avoid the hazard, so you develop a habit to avoid the hazard:
DANGER signals an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.
WARNING signals a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.
CAUTION with the safety triangle signals a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, might
result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION used without the safety triangle symbol signals a potentially hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, might result in property damage.
1-2 / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.
TO THE OWNER
1-4. Safety
Open and close valves slowly

Be prepared for high nozzle reactions – open nozzle slowly
Do not exceed system rated pressure, capacity or speed.

Observe local regulations on the use of hearing protection.
Use only hoses with pressure ratings higher than their intended use.
Remove all pressure from hoses before disconnecting.
Shutdown and drain completely before attempting maintenance.
1-4.1 Power Take-Off (PTO) Safety Information

The PUC transmission includes a standard SAE 6-bolt PTO opening and drive gear allowing for the adaptation of
an auxiliary PTO drive. The following safety instructions are intended for those applications to which an optional PTO
has been installed. These instructions are for your safety. Read them carefully until you understand them.
1-4.2 General Safety Information
1-4.2a To prevent injury to yourself and/or damage to the equipment

• Read carefully all owner’s manuals, service manuals, and/or other instructions.
• Always follow proper procedures, and use proper tools and safety equipment.
• Be sure to receive proper training.
• Never work alone while under a vehicle or while repairing or maintaining equipment.
• Always use proper components in applications for which they are approved.
• Be sure to assemble components properly.
• Never use worn-out or damaged components.
• Always block any raised or moving device that may injure a person working on or under a vehicle.
• Never operate the controls of the Power Take-Off (PTO) or other driven equipment from any position that could
result in getting caught in the moving machinery.
TO THE OWNER
1-4.2b Cold Weather Operation of Powershift Power Take-Off (PTO)
• Spinning shaft hazard.

• PTO shaft may rotate unexpectedly in cold weather.
• Keep body, hands, hair, and clothes away.
• Do not work around shafts with engine on.
• Rotating parts will injure or kill.
Your PUC pump is equipped with a powershift PTO. During extreme cold weather operation [32° F (0° C) and lower],
a disengaged Powershift Power Take-Off (PTO) can momentarily transmit high torque that will cause unexpected
output shaft rotation. This is caused by the high viscosity of the transmission oil when it is extremely cold. As slippage
occurs between the PTO clutch plates, the oil will rapidly heat up and the viscous drag will quickly decrease.
The PTO output shaft rotation could cause unexpected movement of the driven equipment resulting in serious
personal injury, death, or equipment damage.
Allow engine and transmission to warm up before engaging pump.
1-4.2c Rotating Auxiliary Driveshafts
• Rotating auxiliary driveshafts are dangerous. They can snag clothes, skin, hair, hands, etc. This
can cause serious injury or death.
• Do not go under the vehicle when the engine is running.
• Do not work on or near an exposed shaft when the engine is running.
• Shut off the engine before working on the Power Take-Off (PTO) or driven equipment.
• Rotating parts will injure or kill.
1-5. Responsibility
Study carefully this manual and the manuals for major components such as pump, engine, and other allied
equipment. Make sure that all operators and other users also completely understand their contents.
The warnings, cautions, and procedures listed in these manuals must be part of the fire department's safety
program.
As the operator of this vehicle and pumping equipment, you are responsible for:
• Understanding the function of each component of the pumping system.
• Understanding how to adjust each control to obtain the results you want.
• Maintaining control of the pumping system at all times.
TO THE OWNER
• Remaining proficient in use, so at a fire you can operate and make successful changes in the operation quickly,
without having to read the operator's instructions or safety warning labels.
• Practicing proper manual override and emergency shutdown procedures, so you can respond immediately in
an emergency or during the failure of a component. Remember stress is high. Your failure to practice increases
the odds you will forget or do it wrong in the heat of the moment.
1-6. Daily Checks
At start of shift, follow your department's apparatus check.

It is critically important that you turn each control—valve, gate, or switch, etc.—ON and OFF or OPEN and CLOSED.
You want to make sure they work now. You don't want to find out at a fire.
ALWAYS check the controls you rarely use. That also reminds you of their location and their function.
If you find a control whose function you do not know, then right away find out what it does. Every control serves a
purpose. You must know the purpose and how to use the control.
Pierce Customer Service is always available to help you and answer your questions. Call 888-Y-PIERCE (888-974-
3723).
1-7. Custom Products
Your department developed specifications for this fire apparatus. It purchased a Pierce apparatus that is built to meet
those specifications. The information in this manual will be generic at times.
Due to the highly customized nature of each Pierce fire apparatus, the exact location of each component in the
pumper system will vary.
This manual describes basic controls. Not every apparatus will have all controls. Some will have extra controls, as
determined by each fire department's specification.
Pictures describe typical components or devices. Actual parts might vary from those pictured.
You must learn the location and function of all controls, switches, gauges, valves, inlets, and discharges.
Major inconsistencies between your vehicle and the information contained in this manual should be directed to your
Pierce Dealer or Sales Representative.
1-8. Professional, Training, and Standards Organizations
To keep up-to-date on knowledge and new standards that affect all facets of fire fighting, make sure that you check
these organizations' catalogues and websites each month:
National Fire Protection Association (for standards and requirements)
One Batterymarch Park
P.O. Box 9101
Quincy, MA 02269-9101
617-770-3000
www.nfpa.org
Make sure you read the latest editions.
TO THE OWNER
Pierce Manufacturing Inc.

Customer Service
2600 American Drive
P.O. Box 2017
Appleton, WI, 54913
888-Y-PIERCE (888-974-3723)
www.piercemfg.com and www.pierceparts.com
International Fire Service Training Association (for textbooks and other training material)
Fire Protection Publications
Oklahoma State University
930 North Willis
Stillwater, OK 74079-8045
800-654-4055
www.ifsta.org
1-9. Safety Defect Reporting
If you believe your vehicle or any associated component might have a design defect that could result in failure or
injury, please report this information immediately to Pierce Manufacturing.
Additionally, should any information in this manual prove to be seriously inconsistent with your Pierce fire apparatus
also inform Pierce Customer Service.
Most service and support issues should be handled by the local Pierce dealer or sales representative. However, to
report any design defects or request support directly from Pierce contact:
Customer Service
Pierce Manufacturing, Inc.
2600 American Drive, P.O. Box 2017
Appleton, WI, 54913
888-Y-PIERCE (888-974-3723)
www.piercemfg.com
1-10. Keeping Your Knowledge Refreshed and Up-to-Date
This manual will be revised from time to time. Check the Pierce website, www.piercemfg.com, to stay current.
Also review the latest edition of the IFSTA (www.ifsta.org) manual Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook.
Remember, if there's anything you don't understand, call Pierce Customer Service at 888-Y-PIERCE (888-974-
3723).
SECTION 2 BEFORE PLACING IN SERVICE
2-1. Create a Pump Chart
Use a Pump Chart to determine the pump discharge pressure that will provide desired nozzle pressure for various
hose lay configurations and combinations.
The IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook tells how to develop a pump chart. Develop the chart for
all situations.
Make sure this chart is always available during pump operation.
2-2. Check Adjustment of Intake Relief Valve
Figure 2-1: Typical Intake Relief Valve
POM0016
All pumps have a relief valve on the intake side (Figure 2-1). It prevents a pressure spike in intake water from
passing to hoses through the discharge side of the pump.
The intake relief valve is a pressure regulator. If intake pressure goes over the pressure setting, the valve opens and
allows water to flow out the relief outlet.
Some departments choose to connect a hose to the relief valve outlet to direct the water discharge away from the
apparatus. Pressure surges in this hose can occur without warning.
Secure unattended hoses.

Water discharged from hose will cause hose to whip violently.
Whipping hose can injure or kill.
To adjust this valve for desired pressure, the intake pressure to the pump must be higher than the normal static
pressure of the municipal water supply. The best method to adjust the valve is to use another pumper to supply water
at the desired pressure.
1. Increase inlet pressure until the master inlet pressure gauge reads the relief pressure you want.
2. With a wrench, slowly open the adjusting screw on the valve until water starts to flow from the valve outlet.
BEFORE PLACING IN SERVICE
3. Slowly close the adjusting screw until the water stops flowing.
Read the valve manufacturer's documentation for complete instructions.
SECTION 3 GENERAL
3-1. Description of Pierce Ultimate Configuration (PUC) Pump
The PUC pump is a high speed, single stage, UL rated, centrifugal Fire Fighting Pump.
Inherent characteristics of the PUC are compactness, lightweight, high efficiency, and a wide range of pumping
capabilities.
The PUC pump is midship mounted rearward of the chassis engine and powered via the Rear Engine Power Take-
Off (REPTO).
3-2. General Operation
3-2.1 Definitions
HEAD OF WATER: vertical depth of water measured in feet or in pressure per unit or area. In hydraulics, head
always represents pressure and it is expressed interchangeably in feet of water or pounds per square inch and
sometimes in inches of depth of mercury.
STATIC HEAD: the pressure that is exerted by a stationary column of water of a given height or depth.
TOTAL HEAD OR TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD: the maximum height above the source of supply to which the pump
would elevate the water plus all the resistance to flow in the pipe or hose line.
DISCHARGE HEAD: the pressure measured at the discharge outlet of a pump.
SUCTION HEAD: the positive pressure measured at the suction entrance of a pump (when pumping from an
elevated tank or hydrant).
VELOCITY HEAD: the equivalent pressure represented by fluid in motion as measured by means of a Pitot gauge.
STATIC LIFT: the vertical height of the center of the pump above the source of supply (when pump from draft).
TOTAL SUCTION LIFT: the static lift plus the friction in suction line plus entrance losses.
NET PUMP PRESSURE: the total dynamic head of the pump.
EFFECTIVE NOZZLE PRESSURE: the pump discharge pressure minus hose friction plus or minus the difference
in elevation above or below pump.
WATER HORSEPOWER: the theoretical power required to deliver a given quantity of water per minute against a
given head.
BRAKE HORSEPOWER: Actual power as delivered by a motor or engine to a driven machine.
PUMP EFFICIENCY: The quotient of the water horsepower divided by brake horsepower required to produce it.
WATER HAMMER: a series of shock waves produced in a pipeline or pump by a sudden change in water velocity.
A sudden change in flow velocity can result from rapid closure of valves. A pressure wave is set up which travels
back and forth in the water column at extremely high speed producing rapid vibrations that may be violent and
destructive if the water column is long.
The MAXIMUM THEORETICAL LIFT of a pump is 34 feet, which is the pressure of the atmosphere at sea level.
The maximum practical total lift at sea level is 20 to 25 feet (depending on the type and condition of the pump) and
this decreases with drops in barometric pressure.
GENERAL
3-2.2 Operating The Engine

After the pump has been primed, the engine speed should be increased gradually; never jerk throttle wide open.
Likewise, the engine speed should be decreased gradually when shutting down.
Watch the pump pressure gauge and open throttle only enough to give the desired pressure. The pressure may rise
high enough to burst the discharge hose, when using small nozzles, if the engine is given full throttle (except pumps
equipped with pressure regulators set for desired pressure).
Never run engine at high speeds except when pump is primed and ready to discharge water.
3-2.3 Cooling The Engine

NFPA 1901 requires that a supplementary heat exchanger cooling system be provided. This heat exchanger is an
integral part of the pump, and the installation of two hoses from the engine cooling system to the pump is all that is
required. Valves or other shut offs are integral to the engine.
The pump should never be operated under prolonged heavy loads without an adequate supply of cooling water
flowing.
Coolant temperatures should never be allowed to exceed 225° F while pumping and 180° F is usually taken as a
safe operating temperature.
3-2.4 Suction Strainers

A large suction strainer, which will prevent the passage of a body larger than the pump impeller ports, must always
be used on the free end of the suction line when pumping from draft.
The small hydrant strainer must always be inserted in the suction manifold of pump, when pumping from hydrants
and at all other times except when maximum capacity is required from draft.
Failure to use a strainer at all times when pumping will cause serious trouble by clogging the pump because, even
in water mains, foreign matter is invariably present, and will be drawn into pump by the high velocity of the water
entering.
3-2.5 Suction Line

The suction line of a fire pump can be the source of more operating difficulties than all the rest of the pump when
working with a suction lift. Faults in the suction line which cause trouble in operation are as follows:
1. AIR LEAKS: A small amount of air, expanding in the vacuum of the suction line, displaces a considerable
volume of water which subtracts from the capacity that the pump is able to deliver, makes the priming difficult or
causes pump to lose its prime. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to keep the suction line and the suction side
of pump casing air tight at all times when drafting water.
Air leakage into pump while operating is usually indicated by a rattling sound in pump casing, miniature
explosions in stream issuing from the nozzle, or by losing of prime when operating at very low capacities.
The usual cause of leaky suction lines is carelessness in handling of suction hose. Bruising of hose threads by
bumping against hard surfaces or sand in the coupling often prevents tightening of the joints up against the
gaskets. The hose gaskets are often defective and are sometimes lost without being noticed by the operator.
2. INSUFFICIENT SUBMERGENCE: The free end of suction hose must be submerged to a sufficient depth to
prevent the entrance of air that may be sucked down from the surface of the water to a considerable depth when
operating at large capacities.
Entrance of air into suction lines in this manner is indicated by a small whirlpool, or vortex, on the surface of the
water over the end of the hose.
A minimum submergence of 4 times the hose diameter to the upper holes in suction strainer is recommended
where full capacity of pump is required. Where sufficient submergence is not possible, a board or sheet of metal
laid over end of suction line will keep air from entering.
GENERAL
3. SUCTION LINE ENTRANCE TOO CLOSE TO BOTTOM: If the end of suction line is laid on the bottom of the
source of supply, a part of the suction opening will be shut off; and if the bottom is soft the hose will suck itself
down into the earth, closing more of the opening and loosening sand and mud to be carried into the pump.
The suction entrance should be suspended a foot or more above the bottom, or if this is not possible, it should
be laid on a board or piece of sheet metal. A rope tied to the suction strainer is a convenient means of holding
it off the bottom.
4. OBSTRUCTION OF SUCTION STRAINER BY FOREIGN MATTER: The high velocity of water entering the
suction line will carry loose foreign bodies in against the strainer from a considerable distance. Therefore, all
weeds and refuse should be removed from close proximity of the suction entrance.
5. SUCTION LINE TOO SMALL OR TOO LONG: The flow of water into the pump is opposed by the frictional
resistance in the suction line. This friction loss must be added to the height of the pump above the water (static
lift) to determine the “total lift” of the pump. When all of the vacuum in the pump (atmospheric pressure) is
consumed in raising water through this total life, then the limit of capacity has been reached. This capacity can
be increased only by decreasing total lift. If the static lift cannot be reduced, then the friction loss must be
reduced by using a shorter or larger suction hose.
The rated capacity of the pump is guaranteed for a static lift of 10 feet, with 20 feet of recommended suction
hose at sea level. To increase the capacity without reducing the static lift, or to increase lift without sacrificing
capacity, requires larger suction hose.
An excessively long suction line is a handicap to any pump, for besides reducing capacity through the added
friction loss, it retards priming and it produces a detrimental effect known as “cavitation”. This means a
separation of the water column in the pump suction, or void spaces, produced by the inertia of the heavy mass
of water in the line resisting sudden change in the velocity when the pump starts to deliver or when discharge
valves are opened or closed. This phenomenon reduces capacity further, and usually sets up a vibratory motion
and “water hammer” as the water surges in and out of the void spaces.
When operating with a long suction line, the driving engine should be accelerated gradually, the discharge gates
opened gradually, and the capacities of the pump should be held down to within the range of smooth
performance.
6. AIR TRAP IN SUCTION LINE: If the suction line is laid so that part of it is higher than any other part that is
nearer to the pump, as when hose is laid over a high bridge rail, an air trap is formed at the highest part of the
hose from which the air cannot be sucked out by the primer. This trapped air is expanded and carried into the
pump with the first rush of water causing the pump to immediately lose its prime.
If suction line cannot be laid so that it slopes all the way from pump to water, it can still be primed easily by simply
allowing the primer to continue to function until all the trapped air in the hose has been carried into the pump
and picked up by the primer.
3-2.6 Testing For Air Leaks

Tests for leakage should be made with the suction hose attached and capped, discharge gate open, and all other
openings closed tightly.
Run electric priming pump with primer shut-off valve open, until maximum vacuum is shown on the gauge. The
vacuum should hold for several minutes before satisfactory performance of pump can be expected.
If excessive leakage of air occurs, the source of leaks can be located by shutting off primer motor, with vacuum at
its highest point, and listening for the hiss of air.
In the absence of a vacuum gauge, the vacuum in pump may be judged by closing suction opening with the flat of
hand or a rubber pad.
Water or air pressure may be applied to pump casing to test for air leakage if more convenient. Do not pressurize
with air beyond 10 PSI.
GENERAL
3-2.7 Source Of Water Supply

Water may be drafted from a pond, lake, stream, cistern, stock tank, or well; but whatever the source, the static lift
must not exceed 20 feet from the center of the pump to the surface of the water and a lift not exceeding 10 feet is
recommended. The source of supply should be reasonably clear and free from foreign matter. It is recommended
that all water holes, which may be needed for fire protection, be deepened if necessary and kept free from weeds
and refuse. In many fire protection areas, cisterns or reservoirs are built and allowed to fill up with rain water to be
used in emergencies.
3-2.8 Pumping In Cold Weather

The first insurance against cold weather trouble is to keep fire apparatus stored in heated quarters. All water must
be eliminated from pump casing and primer line between periods of operations.
When setting up for pumping, unnecessary delays should be avoided by having thoroughly trained pump operators.
Be sure that primer and booster lines are kept closed until ready for use. Having discharge lines ready so that pump
may be started as soon as it has become primed. Do not stop flow of water through the pump until ready to drain
and return to the station.
Engine coolant from the engine circulated through the heater jacket in pump casing helps prevent ordinary freezing
troubles.
3-2.9 When Finished Pumping

Drain water out of system by opening all valves, caps and drains, excluding the Tank to Pump Valve and the Tank
Fill Valve.
Don’t forget to close all drain cocks after all water has been drained out. Trouble in priming will follow on the next
run if this is forgotten.
Shut off cooling line to make pump ready for priming again.
Pumps not often used for fire service should be inspected and run periodically to ensure that they will be in readiness
for an emergency.
3-2.10 Pumping Salt Water

The pump should be flushed out with fresh water immediately after pumping salt water to prevent excessive rusting.
(Except pumps which are built of special material to resist the corrosive action of the brine.)
When measuring sea water with a pitot gauge, capacities shown in Table 6-2 should be discounted approximately
1 1/2% to determine the correct capacity.
A centrifugal pump will show 2 1/2% higher pressure and require 2 1/2% more power when handling sea water than
when handling fresh water if operated at the same speed and capacity.
3-3. Testing Of Equipment For Practice
It frequently happens that operators of fire apparatus, who are not thoroughly familiar with its operations, become
confused under the stress of emergency and neglect some little detail that may cause trouble or delay in getting the
equipment into operation. Therefore, we urge that practice tests be conducted repeatedly until operators are
thoroughly trained. More than one person in the department should be a competent operator.
Practice should include pumping from low lifts, high lifts with short and long suction lines, with suction line elevated
to form an air trap, and from hydrants, at large and small capacities.
It is well, also, to note the effects of air leaks in hose, insufficient submergence and restriction of suction line. (Suction
line can be restricted by placing a can or other strong closure around the suction strainer).
GENERAL
Do not allow personnel to hold a large nozzle while working at high pressures for serious accidents
may result if hose breaks loose.
NEVER BREAK OR RESTRICT SUCTION OR ALLOW AIR TO ENTER SUCTION LINE WHILE ENGINE IS
OPERATING WITH THROTTLE OPEN. This will release the load and allow engine to run away.
3-3.1 Measuring Pump Performance

Pump performance is measured by the quantity of water it can deliver per minute against a certain pressure called
“Total Head” or “Net Pump Pressure”, as it is usually termed in fire pump testing.
The net pump pressure is the sum of the pump discharge pressure, as shown on the pressure gauge with which the
pump is regularly equipped, and the total suction lift converted to equivalent pounds per square inch. If pump is
operating from a hydrant, the net pump pressure is the discharge pressure less the incoming pressure from hydrant
measured at the suction entrance of pump.
Capacity of fire pump is measured in gallons per minute. The usual method of measurement is to determine the
pressure of the jet of water leaving a given size of nozzle by means of a Pitot gauge from which the capacity is
computed mathematically.
A Pitot gauge consists of a small tube adapted to a point directly into the hose nozzle from the center of the issuing
stream, the other end of the tube being connected to an accurate pressure gauge.
The nozzle jet drives straight into the Pitot tube and converts the velocity of the jet to pressure which is an accurate
measure of velocity of the water as it leaves the nozzle. The tip of the Pitot tube should be one-half the diameter of
the nozzle away from nozzle tip while taking reading. Table 6-2 gives nozzle capacities for various Pitot gauge
readings.
If a Pitot gauge is not available, approximate pump capacities can be determined by referencing Table 6-3.
3-3.2 Acceptance Tests

Acceptance tests require continuous tests of three hours duration: 2 hours at 100% rated capacity and 150 PSI net
pump pressure; one-half hour at 70% capacity and 200 PSI; one-half hour at 50% capacity and 250 PSI; and a spurt
test at 100% capacity and 165 PSI.
Table 6-1 shows recommended set-ups and gauge readings for rating tests.
To adjust nozzle pressure for the correct capacity, while maintaining the correct pump pressure, it is necessary to
make simultaneous adjustments of engine throttle and the discharge gate valve, partially closing the latter until just
the right discharge resistance is built up.
3-3.3 Engines
An Underwriter fire pump imposes heavy loads on the engine that drives it, often absorbing all of the power the
engine is capable of delivering at full throttle. Continuous pumping gives the engine no time to rest. Therefore, a new
engine and pump unit must be thoroughly broken-in before it is required to deliver prolonged maximum pump
performance.
We recommend a minimum break in period of 20 hours at light pumping loads, with occasional spurt tests and
interruptions. Temperature and lubrication should be checked during this period.
GENERAL
Engine manufacturers’ power ratings usually show maximum performance of a selected, factory adjusted engine,
operating without fan, generator, muffler or other accessories, and corrected for “ideal” conditions, i.e. sea level
barometer (29.92” of mercury) 60° F and high humidity. Therefore, the actual power delivered by an average truck
mounted engine is considerably lower than the manufacturers’ rating, and allowances must be made in predicting
pump performance.
3-4. Effects Of Atmospheric Conditions On Engine And Pump Performance
Each one inch of drop in Barometric pressure or each 1000 feet of elevation of the pumping site reduces engine
power approximately 3 1/2% for engines not equipped with a turbo charger.
Each 12° rise in temperature above 60° F of carburetor intake air reduces engine power approximately 1%.
Lowering of humidity reduces power slightly.
Each one inch drop in Barometric pressure or each 1000 feet of elevation reduces the maximum possible static lift
of a pump approximately one foot.
Temperature of the water supply affects the attainable suction lift of a pump. The effect is slight at low water
temperatures but becomes increasingly detrimental as the temperature rises.
A 10° rise from 70° F will subtract about 1/2 foot from the maximum attainable suction lift, while an equal rise from
100° F will reduce the lift at least 1 1/2 feet.
Temperature is an important consideration when pumping from a test pit where the water is heated by recirculation.
3-5. Operating Characteristics Of Pumps
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: A centrifugal pump develops pressure by centrifugal force of the liquid rotating in the
impeller wheel. The pressure developed depends upon the peripheral speed of the impeller (increasing as the
square of the speed) and it remains fairly constant over a wide range of capacities up to the maximum output of the
pump, if speed remains constant.
If the discharge outlet of a centrifugal pump is entirely shut off, with speed kept constant, there is a small rise in
pressure, the water churns in the pump casing and the power drops to a low value. If the discharge is opened wide,
with little resistance to flow the pressure drops while the capacity and power both increase to their maximum.
A centrifugal pump is an extremely simple mechanism mechanically, but rather complex hydraulically; in that many
factors enter into the design of the impeller and water ways which will affect the pump’s efficiency.
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS: Rotary and piston pumps are termed “Positive Displacement” pumps because each
revolution displaces or discharge (theoretically) an exact amount of liquid, regardless of the resistance. The capacity
is, therefore, proportional to the number of revolutions of the pump per minute and independent of the discharge
pressure except as it is reduced by “slip” (leakage past the pistons or rotors). For a given speed the power is directly
proportional to the head. If the discharge is completely shut off, the pressure, power, and torque climb indefinitely
until the drive power is stalled or breakage occurs.
Slip is the greatest factor affecting efficiency of a displacement pump, and this factor is greatly influenced by the
condition of and wear on the working parts.
SECTION 4 OPERATION
4-1. Approaching the Apparatus
4-1.1 Stepping and Walking Surfaces
ALWAYS be careful when climbing up or down to avoid a slip and fall, and potential injury to yourself
and others.
Enter and exit cabs slowly, deliberately, and carefully.
NEVER jump to ground. You can injure yourself.
ALWAYS maintain three points of contact when climbing up or down.

Keep contact with one hand and two feet, or two hands and one foot.
Use steps, hand-holds, or sturdy features on the apparatus.
ONLY grasp or step on items appropriate for climbing on or firmly attached objects.
Keep steps and hand-holds in good repair, and free of grease, mud, dirt, fuel, ice, and snow.
Make sure all attaching bolts and hardware are tight, thus eliminating any movement of steps and hand-
holds.
NEVER step or climb on any vehicle surface unless it is slip-resistant and hand-holds are provided.
Replace slip-resistant material when worn.
All surfaces intended for stepping or walking are designed or treated with slip-resistant material your department
specified. NEVER step or walk on surfaces not designed for stepping or walking, such as:
• Chromed surfaces or objects
• Painted surfaces
• Hose rollers
• Compartment doors or hatches
• Valves
• Controls
• Inlet or Outlet Connections
OPERATION
4-1.2 Compartment Doors
NEVER step on open compartment doors.

They do not support your weight.
Falls can cause serious injury or death.
Always close swing-up or swing-out compartment doors. People can walk into doors left open at lower levels.
Personnel working on top of the apparatus can mistake an open horizontal door for a walking surface.
4-1.3 Hose Bed Covers
CLOSE hose covers after use.

Hose bed covers can cause serious injury if blown shut by wind.
Keep personnel clear of open hose bed covers during windy conditions.
Some apparatus are equipped with aluminum hose bed covers. Always close after use. They protect hose from sun
and weather. Hose bed covers are heavy. They might require two or more people to open or close safely.
4-1.4 Folding Steps or Platforms
High voltage electricity can travel down a water stream.

NEVER spray through electric wires.
High voltage can cause death or serious injury.
Keep OFF the ground when operating an aerial device.

ALWAYS stand with both feet on the pump operator's platform of an aerial device.
High voltage can jump gaps between wires and apparatus.
Electrical power will pass through people who stand on the ground and touch the apparatus.
Electrical power lines can cause death or serious injury.
Before beginning pump operations, make sure that folding steps or platforms are DOWN and firmly engaged in their
weight-bearing position.
When operating the pump on an aerial apparatus, always stand with both feet on the operator's platform and off the
ground.
Your body will become an electrical path to ground if you stand with one foot on the platform and one on the ground,
or with both feet on the ground and your hands on the apparatus. If the aerial device contacts or comes close to high
voltage power lines, electricity can shoot through you. You can die.
OPERATION
4-2. Hose
4-2.1 Hose Storage

The hose is stored in:
• Body Compartments
• Bumper Compartments
• Cross-Lay Trays
• Speed-Lay Trays
• Hose Beds
• Reels
• Hose Chutes
Evaluate each way of storing hose. Determine the most efficient and safest way to pack hose for your fire
department's use.
4-2.2 Hose Restraint
Entanglement Hazard
Secure hose and other equipment before placing vehicle in motion.
Loose hose may drag behind vehicle and injure or kill.
Hose restraints (nets, doors, webbing, ropes, etc.) must be used to secure the hoses after repacking.
Failure to comply may result in hoses deploying while the vehicle is in motion, causing injury to
bystanders and/or damage to equipment.
This vehicle may be provided with a means to store water hose. Anytime hose is stored on this vehicle it must be
restrained to ensure that it does not fall out of its storage area while the vehicle is in motion. NFPA standards state
that “any hose storage area shall be equipped with a positive means to prevent unintentional deployment of the hose
from the top, sides, front, and rear of the hose storage area while the apparatus is underway in normal operations.”
Fire departments and manufacturers have developed various methods of preventing inadvertent deployment,
including fully enclosed hose bed covers, buckled straps, hook-and-loop straps, fabric covers, webbing mesh, wind
deflectors, and other material restraints or combination of restraints.
Operational methods vary between fire departments, and methods of restraining the hose may vary as a result.
Whether you use the hose restrain feature provided with your apparatus, or develop your own means, it is your
responsibility to ensure that whatever method you employ will adequately restrain the hose in those working
environment the apparatus will be exposed to. Always restrain the hose properly before placing the vehicle in
motion.
4-2.3 Hose Chutes

Some aerial apparatus have a hose “chute.” The chute guides the hose from the hose bed around the aerial
turntable, then out the back of the vehicle.
NEVER pack hose in the hose chute, because that can cause snagging and snarling.
OPERATION
To avoid creating a jam of tangled hose in the hose chute:

• Lay couplings so they are pulled out straight, without flipping around.
• Lay hose so that it never crosses over itself when paying out.
• Maintain vehicle speed of 5 MPH or less. At 5 MPH, seven feet of hose is pulled out each second. If you travel
more than 5 MPH, you are likely to cause a hose jam in the hose chute.
4-2.4 Hose Beds
Pack hose carefully in any hose bed to minimize the risk of hose snags or snarls as it lays out.
Hose that snags or snarls during layout from a moving vehicle can fly about, causing serious injury or
death to bystanders.
Hose beds come in many shapes and sizes. Hose characteristics vary with the size, type, and age of the hose.
Experiment with different methods of packing a specific hose, bed, and chute combination to determine a packing
method that will lay out without snagging or snarling. Make sure you learn the maximum MPH at which hose can be
laid out.
4-2.5 Hose Deployment
NEVER ride on rear steps or other areas outside the cab.
Limit speed to 5 MPH when laying hose.
ALWAYS use a spotter when backing up.

Keep the spotter and all other people clear of the vehicle's path.
All occupants MUST be seated and belted while vehicle is in motion.
If hose is to be laid from a moving apparatus, first test the packing method under controlled conditions to learn the
MPH at which hose will lay out smoothly, without snags or snarls.
Any operation where people are working around a moving vehicle is dangerous. All occupants must be seated and
belted while the vehicle is in motion. NEVER ride on rear steps or other areas outside the cab.
OPERATION
Flying hose is extremely hazardous.

Keep all people clear of hose being laid by a moving vehicle.
Flying hose can injure or kill.
Fire hose under pressure can burst without warning.

NEVER straddle or stand over a charged hose.
Always wear complete protective gear, even when testing.
Burst hose can injure or kill.
When laying hose, an anchorman must protect himself from the dangers of flying hose.
It is safest to use rope to tie the hose to the hydrant. In the absence of rope, anchor the hose by wrapping the end
half way around the hydrant in a J-pattern only. Never wrap more than half way around the hydrant. Wedge the end
fitting against the hydrant with a booted foot. Stand clear of the hose so that you will be away from the hose if it
becomes taut and swings out from the hydrant. A snag in the hose bed can pull the hose loose. The metal fitting can
swing around and break your leg.
Keep people clear of the hose being laid before driving the vehicle.
When laying hose, limit vehicle speed to 5 MPH to minimize risk to personnel, equipment, and bystanders.
Avoid kinks, crimps, and twists when laying fire hose.
4-2.6 Hose Connections
Hose fittings can fail without warning.

Inspect hose fittings for cracks, chips or other damage and replace when worn or damaged.
Damaged or worn fittings can burst without warning.
Burst fittings can injure or kill.
Hose fittings are critical to safe delivery of water to a fire. Treat hose connections with care and inspect regularly.
OPERATION
4-3. Positioning the Apparatus
4-3.1 Fire Scene Positioning
Operate apparatus away from burning embers that can be sucked into the air intake system.
Burning embers in the engine air filter can cause engine fire.
Engine fire can cause property damage, serious injury, or death.
Heat from a fire can damage electrical systems, rubber seals and gaskets, and plastic components. Always place
apparatus upwind from the fire and at a safe distance away from flames.
Diesel engines consume as much as 1200 cubic feet of clean air every minute. Hot embers sucked into the air intake
can cause the air cleaner element to ignite. Although Pierce Custom Chassis are equipped with ember barriers
composed of mesh screens or perforated metal, they are not a foolproof guarantee of protection.
Always leave a way out. Always position the apparatus in a location that allows a quick retreat if conditions change.
Always park upwind of the fire. Never park the apparatus downwind of the fire.
Always avoid electrical lines. Never park under electrical lines.
4-3.2 Positioning on Roads

Position the apparatus so that it protects emergency personnel. Many departments choose to park the apparatus at
an angle so that personnel can work behind the vehicle, out of the direct path of oncoming vehicles.
Keep emergency response lighting ON to alert traffic.
4-3.3 Lighting
As soon as possible, provide good lighting for people working on and around the apparatus. Use extendable lighting
or lighting from another apparatus.
Make sure that the pump operator can clearly observe controls, gauges, and hose connections, and can watch the
condition of hoses and attack personnel to the greatest extent possible.
4-3.4 Chock the Wheels

ALWAYS place wheel chocks on both front and rear of tire when vehicle is parked.
Chock wheels as soon as you exit the cab.
OPERATION
4-4. Operation of PUC Fire Pump
4-4.1 Operation of Pump
Never run the pump dry except momentarily and at low speeds.
Do not use this pump for hose testing.
A Rear Engine Power Take-off (REPTO) transmits power to the pump transmission input shaft whenever the chassis
engine is operating. The fire pump impeller is engaged or disengaged through a high capacity, multi-plate, electric
clutch. This configuration enables the pump transmission to power an auxiliary pump transmission mounted Power
Take-off (PTO) independent of pump impeller engagement.
4-4.2 To Engage the Pump—Stationary Operation

1. Pull Parking Brake
Auto Neutral feature automatically engages transmission to NEUTRAL. If you fail to apply the parking brake,
safety interlocks prevent operation of the hand throttle or pressure governor.
NOTE: If the parking brake is released during pump operation, the hand throttle or pressure governor is
disconnected AND the engine speed falls to IDLE. Water pressure to the hose will drop. The pump
speed will then be controlled only by the driver's throttle pedal. That is the manual override.
2. Observe the OK to Stationary Pump indicator lamp:

The OK TO STATIONARY PUMP indicator light should be on when ever the parking brake is applied.
3. Chock the Wheels
Block both front and rear of tire using wheel chocks.
Engage pump only at engine idle speed.

Begin pumping water immediately after engaging pump.
Circulate water if hoses are not ready to keep water cool.
Running pump dry for more than a few minutes will cause damage.
4. Engage the Pump

Confirm engine is at idle rpm. Activate the WATER PUMP switch located on the driver's panel in the cab.
5. Observe the Pump Engaged indicator lamp:
The WATER PUMP indicator light turn ON when:
— Pump is engaged, AND
— Pump is spinning.
OPERATION
4-4.3 Engaging Pump when Vehicle is Driving – Basic Package (Standard)

The basic pump and roll mode will use the same operation sequence as stationary pumping mode with a few
additional steps. After the vehicle is setup for stationary pumping, the operator will leave the cab and setup the pump
panel to discharge at the desired outlet(s). Upon returning to the cab, the operator will disengage the parking brake.
An “OK to Pump & Roll” indicator will illuminate on the cab switch panel. First gear on the transmission gear selector
will be selected by the operator for pump and roll operations. The operator will apply the foot throttle and brake pedal
as needed. Pump and roll mode will be maintained unless the transmission shifts out of first gear or the “Water
Pump” switch is disengaged.
Pump-and-roll operation is dangerous.

NEVER ride outside the cab when the vehicle is moving.
Keep personnel walking to the side of the vehicle and in sight of driver at all times.
Drive slowly. The foot throttle controls both the ground speed and pump pressure.
1. Stop Vehicle
2. Pull Parking Brake
Auto Neutral feature automatically engages transmission to NEUTRAL.
3. Engage the Pump

Figure 4-1: Water Pump & Foam System Control Switches (Basic Package)
1135
Confirm engine is at idle rpm. Activate the desired water pump or foam system control switch located on the
driver's panel in the cab. Switches are multi-function; see See Table 4-1.
OPERATION
Table 4-1: Water Pump & Foam System Control Switches - Modes of Operation
Pressing this Control

Switch: Turns these systems ON:
Water Pump Water Pump
Foam System* Water Pump Foam System
CAFS System* Water Pump Foam System CAFS System
Pressing this Control

Switch: Turns these systems OFF:
CAFS System* CAFS System
Foam System* CAFS System Foam System
Water Pump CAFS System Foam System Water Pump
*Optional
4. Observe Indicator Light
The PUMP ENGAGED indicator lights only when PTO has been engaged and the pump is spinning.
5. Provide Water Supply to Pump
Operator must leave the cab and set up Pump at Pump Panel:
— Open the Tank-to-Pump valve to provide water to the pump.
— Open the Recirculating Valve (if applicable), or crack open the tank fill valve, to allow water to circulate.
6. Shift Transmission into 1st Gear
For pump-and-roll operation the transmission must be in the 1st Gear (1) position.
7. Release Parking Brake
8. Look at Indicator Light
The OK TO PUMP AND ROLL light turns ON when:
— Parking Brake is released.
9. Use foot throttle and brake pedal as needed
Pump will maintain Pump and Roll mode unless transmission shifts out of 1st gear, OR WATER PUMP control
switch is turned OFF.
4-4.4 Engaging Pump when Vehicle is Driving – Advanced Package (Optional)

If pump and roll is desired by the operator, the operator will engage the “Pump & Roll” and “Water Pump” switches
on the cab switch panel. The tank to pump valve and recirculation valve will open automatically with the pump and
roll mode so the operator does not have to leave the cab. The foot throttle and brake pedal will be applied by the
operator as needed. Pump and roll mode will be maintained unless the pump switch or pump & roll switch is
disengaged.
OPERATION
Pump-and-roll operation is dangerous.

NEVER ride outside the cab when the vehicle is moving.
Keep personnel walking to the side of the vehicle and in sight of driver at all times.
Drive slowly.
1. Press PUMP AND ROLL switch while approaching scene

Validate that OK TO PUMP AND ROLL light is ON. The Tank to Pump Valve and Recirculation Valve will
automatically open. The engine speed will be limited to approximately 1200 RPM maximum.

2. Engage the Pump

Confirm engine is at idle rpm. Activate the desired water pump or foam system control switch located on the
driver's panel in the cab. Switches are multi-function; see See Table 4-1.
3. Observe Indicator Light
The PUMP ENGAGED indicator lights only when PTO has been engaged and the pump is spinning.
4. Use foot throttle and parking brake as needed
Pump will maintain Pump and Roll mode until vehicle is stopped and Parking brake is engaged.
4-4.5 Supply Water to Pump

1. Open Tank-to-Pump Valve
Figure 4-2: Typical Tank-to-Pump Valves
1136
OPERATION
The Tank-to-Pump valve (Figure 4-2) controls the flow between the water tank and pump inlet. With this valve
OPEN, water from the tank floods the pump intake manifold and slowly primes the pump.
2. Open Primer Valve
If the pump is dry, engage primer to expel air in the pump to get prime.
Keep pump water cool.

ALWAYS circulate fresh water through the pump.
Pump can heat trapped water to boiling in seconds.
Burst lines can spray personnel with scalding water.
Scalding water can injure or kill.
3. Open Tank Fill or Recirculating Valve
Figure 4-3: Tank Fill or Recirculating Valve
1137
The Tank Fill valve (Figure 4-3) opens the connection from the discharge side of the pump to the water tank.
Open Tank Fill Valve to refill the water tank from a water source that is connected to an intake fitting.
With the Tank-to-Pump valve and the Tank Fill valve both OPEN, water recirculates from the tank, through the
pump, and back to the tank. This cools the pump before you begin flowing water to a discharge line.
ALWAYS crack open the Tank Fill Valve when running the pump. If you fail to continuously circulate water
through the pump chamber, the water trapped in the pump chamber heats to boiling in seconds. Boiling water
and steam can injure people. It also damages pump seals and gaskets.
When recirculating water, the water in the tank will eventually become too hot to cool the pump. Exchange tank
water with fresh water to keep pump cooled.
Keep track of water temperature:
a. Touch the outlet pipe to see how warm it is. If it is hot to the touch, it is time to bring fresh, cool water into
the water tank or turn OFF pump.
b. Watch tank temperature gauge (if your fire department selected this option). When temperature reaches
175° F, then add fresh cool water or turn OFF pump.
OPERATION
4. Open Recirculating Valve (Optional)
Figure 4-4: Recirculating Valve
1155
A dedicated Recirculating Valve (Figure 4-4) opens a small water flow from the pump to the tank. The flow
through this line cools the pump. The recirculating line does not let water flow from the tank to the pump, so it
works only if the Tank to Pump valve is OPEN, or if the intake is supplied by a water source.
5. Observe Pump-Overheat Indicator (Optional)
Figure 4-5: Pump-Overheat Indicator
1138
Watch the Pump-Overheat indicator (Figure 4-5) during pumping operations to make sure that the pump stays
cool.
If the Overheat indicator light turns ON, add fresh water, recirculate, discharge water, or shut engine OFF to cool
the pump.
OPERATION
4-5. Manual Pump Engagement
Manual pump engagement is intended for limited use in the event of a failure in the primary control
system. If conditions warrant the use of this override, pumping operations may continue, but the truck
should be examined by a service technician upon return to the station to identify and repair the cause
of the failure.
NOTE: If this override is used, make sure it is disengaged once pump operations are complete.
If power is lost to the pump shift switch in the cab, the following steps can be used to manually engage the pump.
1. Ensure the parking brake is set and the pump shift in the cab is in the OFF position.
2. Proceed to the pump operator’s panel.
3. Open the access panel door located in the lower right of the pump panel.
4. Flip up the switch guard.
5. Turn the switch to the ON position.
6. A yellow indicator light will illuminate if the pump is engaged. Repeat if necessary.
7. Proceed with normal operating functions.
4-6. Adjusting the Pump Pressure
Hand Throttle Systems can malfunction.

If engine control is lost at pump panel, assign someone to use foot pedal in cab to continue pumping
operation. Before controlling the throttle manually, the parking brake must be released and the wheels
must be chocked.
4-6.1 Determine Discharge Pressure
Hoses and Nozzles can explode if over-pressurized.

NEVER exceed pressure rating of downstream devices.
Exploding devices can injure or kill.
Keep control of hose under pressure.

Hose under pressure wants to fly about.
Flying hose can injure or kill.
OPERATION
Pump pressure is determined by:

• Engine Speed
• Pump Size
• Discharge Restriction (size and length of discharge hose)
• Intake Restriction (size and length of intake hose)
• System Restriction (size and shape of valves, fittings, manifolds, etc.)
You must determine a pump pressure that will provide the desired nozzle pressure, based on the number and size
of attack lines that are deployed.
Determine this pressure for all fire-fighting situations you might encounter, and record them on a Pump Chart. Keep
the Pump Chart in a location accessible to the pump operator.
Refer to the IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook (latest edition) for procedures on creating a
Pump Chart.
4-6.2 Engine Speed and Pump Pressure

The pump pressure is controlled by regulating the engine speed. If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure
governor, the governor will regulate the engine speed automatically to maintain the desired pump pressure.
4-6.3 Controlling Engine Speed, Pumping—Pressure Governor Operation

If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure governor, the governor will regulate the engine speed automatically
to maintain the desired pump pressure. When placed in the PRESSURE CONTROL mode, the system will
monitor pressure, increasing or decreasing the engine speed to maintain the set pressure.
Apparatus equipped with pressure governors normally do not have pressure relief valves. The
pressure governor performs the function of the relief valve.
Always pump in pressure control mode.
Pumping in throttle (RPM) control mode can cause high pressure and/or pressure spikes. Pressure
spikes can injure or kill.
NOTE: For additional information concerning the operation of the pressure governor, refer to the Pierce
Pressure Governor Interactive Manual (2012V1) on CD-ROM and the FRC PMA300 Pressure
Governor service group (2825-V-007) included in the service manual.
1. Select Pressure Control Mode

Place pressure governor in the PRESSURE CONTROL mode. Switching methods will vary depending on the
manufacturer of the pressure governor.
2. Adjust Desired Pressure
Use the hand wheel throttle control to change the desired pressure setting.
4-6.4 Controlling Engine Speed, Not Pumping—Pressure Governor Operation

The THROTTLE (RPM) CONTROL mode allows the operator to increase engine speed when not pumping, to
increase alternator output, warm the engine, or other non-pumping operations.
OPERATION
NOTE: For additional information concerning the operation of the pressure governor, refer to the PUC
Pressure Governor Operator’s Guide CD-ROM (PV-P-TM450) and/or the FRC PMA300 Pressure
Governor service group (2825-V-007) included in the service manual.
1. Select Throttle (RPM) Control Mode

2. Adjust Desired Engine Speed (RPM)
Press the red button to cancel the current mode and return the engine speed to idle.
The red button also serves as the Emergency Stop. Practice using the Emergency Stop.
4-6.5 Controlling Engine Speed with Multiple Controls
Transferring engine speed control between Hand Throttle and Pressure Governor can cause a jump in
engine speed.
Engine speed changes can cause discharge water pressure spikes.
Spikes in discharge pressure can cause hoses to kick with great force, causing injury.
Some apparatus have both a Hand Throttle and a Pressure Governor. The Throttle Selector Switch determines
which control is ON.
If Hand Throttle is selected, you will control engine speed manually.
If Pressure Governor is selected, the Pressure Governor controls engine speed.
ALWAYS return the control you are not using to the IDLE position.
4-7. Discharging Water
Figure 4-6: Typical Discharge Valves
1139
4-7.1 Connecting Attack Line Hose

1. Close Discharge Valve
CLOSE Discharge Valve to keep water from flowing once the Discharge Cap is removed.
OPERATION
ALWAYS OPEN Drain/Bleeder Valve BEFORE removing Inlet or Discharge Cap.

Discharge lines can trap pressure if the valve is opened and left closed.
Discharge cap under pressure will blow off with explosive force.
Exploding Cap will injure or kill.
Figure 4-7: Drain/Bleeder Valves
1140/POM0021
2. Open Drain/Bleeder Valve

Pull up or turn Drain/Bleeder Valve counterclockwise to the left to OPEN.
Air pressure can be trapped between the Discharge Valve and the Discharge Cap. You must bleed off this
pressure BEFORE the cap is removed. Otherwise, any trapped air pressure can blow the cap off with great force
and injure someone.
3. Open Discharge Cap Vent if One is Provided
Some Discharge Caps have a pressure release vent on the cap. If cap has a vent, OPEN vent before removing
cap.
4. Remove Discharge Cap
BEFORE removing Discharge Cap, OPEN the Pressure Release Valve or Drain Bleeder Valve to make sure
that trapped air pressure escapes.
Remove the Discharge Cap after you are certain that pressure has been bled from behind it. You cannot tell by
how hard the cap rotates whether pressure exists or not.
5. Connect the Discharge Hose
Connect the discharge hose to the discharge connection.
6. Adjust the Discharge Swivel
If the discharge connection has a swivel fitting, move the swivel so the hose points AWAY from the pump
operator's area.
7. Close the Drain/Bleeder Valve
OPERATION
4-7.2 Charging Line
Opening valves rapidly can cause pressure spikes.

Open and close valves slowly.
Pressure spikes can cause hoses to kick with great force, causing injury.
Opening valves rapidly can cause water hammer.

Water hammer can damage the pump and other water system components.
1. Slowly Open Discharge Valve

Open and close discharge valves slowly. Rapidly opening a valve sends a surge of water through the hose,
making it difficult to control. Rapidly closing a valve will cause a pressure spike in other hoses.
OPEN Discharge Valve one-half OPEN until attack line is filled with water and air is expelled from hose.
Observe personnel on the end of the attack line while the hose is filling.
2. Adjust Discharge Valve
AFTER air is expelled from the line and water is flowing steadily from the attack nozzle, adjust the Discharge
Valves to send the flow you want to each line.
3. Observe Tank Level Indicator
Figure 4-8: Typical Tank Level Indicators
1142
Water level in the water tank drops as water flows to the attack lines. Watch the Tank Level Indicator. Plan ahead
to add external water before you empty the tank.
Learn how to open and close valves using these controls on your pump panel:
Lever Controls
— Pull to open valve
— Push to close valve
— Rotate knob clockwise to the right to lock
OPERATION
Hand Wheel Controls

— Rotate counterclockwise to the left to open valve
— Rotate clockwise to the right to close valve
Electronic Controls
— Follow instructions on controls. Be sure to read the manufacturer’s Operators Manual.
4-8. Discharging Foam
See Foam System Operator's Manual.
4-9. Changing from Tank to External Pressurized Water Supply (with Gated Intake Valve)
Figure 4-9: Typical Gated Intake Valves
POM0034, 0035, 0036
Soon after the pump is running and water is being supplied to the discharge lines, you need to establish an external
source of water BEFORE the water tank is empty. This supply can come from a hydrant, from another apparatus,
or from a draft source, such as a pond, river, or portable tank.
A gate intake allows you to maintain water flow at the same pressure at the same time you switch to an external
water supply.
In the absence of a gate intake valve, clear fire fighters from the attack area before you change to external water
supply, because you will lose all water pressure.
Most fire departments provide their own gate valves. Pierce recommends use of a gate valve.
Before using water from a hydrant, open and vent the hydrant for about 30 seconds to flush out gravel or debris.
Always use intake strainers. Gravel can damage the pump and reduce pressure.
OPERATION
4-9.1 Connect Intake Hose

1. Close Intake Gate Valve
Figure 4-10: Intake Gate Valve
1143
Close the gate valve on the intake connection to which the intakes hose will be attached.
Always OPEN Drain Valve or Bleed Valve BEFORE removing Intake Cap.
Intake Lines can trap pressure.
Intake Cap under pressure will blow off with explosive force.
Exploding cap will injure or kill.
Always bleed air from Intake Line.

Air in lines can cause pressure spikes.
Air forced from nozzle can increase intensity of fire or cause a pressure surge. Air discharge can injure
or kill.
2. Open Air Bleed Valve for Intake BEFORE Cap is Removed

Intake connections with a shut-off (or gate) valve can trap pressure if the valve is opened and left closed with
the cap in place. ALWAYS OPEN the Intake Air Bleed Valve to let trapped pressure escape BEFORE removing
cap.
Air Bleed Valves are attached to a tube that is connected to the pipe.
Opening the Intake Air Bleed Valve allows air trapped in the Intake Pipe to escape.
Rotate the knob one-quarter turn counterclockwise to the left to open the valve.
To make sure that all air pressure is removed from the system, keep the Air Bleed Valves OPEN until you start
flowing water. Only then may you close it.
OPERATION
3. Remove Intake Cap
Figure 4-11: Intake Cap
POM0024
Remove the Intake Cap only after you are certain that trapped air pressure has escaped.
Make sure to OPEN the Air Bleed Valve or Drain Valve so that trapped air pressure escapes.
Point intake hose away from personnel.

Hoses and connections under pressure can burst without warning.
Burst hose can injure or kill.
Inspect hoses and fittings regularly.

Replace if worn or damaged.
Worn or damaged hoses and fittings can burst.
Burst hose or fittings can injure or kill.
4. Connect the Intake Hose

Connect the Intake Hose that has been laid from the hydrant to the intake connection.
5. Adjust the Intake Swivel
If the intake connection includes a swivel fitting, adjust the swivel so that the hose points AWAY from the pump
operator's area.
4-9.2 Charge the Intake Line (Pressurized Supply)
NOTE: Make sure that the pressure control has been set before charging the intake hose.
1. Charge the Intake Line

Once the intake hose is properly connected to the intake fitting, open the valve at the hydrant to allow water into
the intake hose. Air will escape out the air bleed valve as it is forced from the hose by the incoming water.
2. Close Air Bleed Valve
Close the Air Bleed Valve after the air is gone from the intake line.
OPERATION
4-9.3 Supply the Pump
Perform change to external water source properly.

Water flow can stop if change is performed incorrectly.
Loss of water flow can endanger fire attack crews, resulting in death or injury.
1. Open the Intake Gate Valve

OPEN the Intake Gate Valve slowly to change the flow to the external supply.
Always open the Intake Gate Valve slowly. Air in the intake line will then enter the pump slowly. Air will be sucked
through with a steady flow of water.
If a large slug of air enters the pump, the pump can lose prime. Centrifugal pumps cannot pump air. If prime is
lost, the attack lines will lose water pressure.
2. Close the Tank-to-Pump Valve
Once the Intake Gate Valve is open, the water pressure from a pressurized source keeps water from flowing
from the tank. A check valve in the tank-to-pump line keeps the pressurized supply from flowing water back into
the tank.
A draft source lacks intake pressure. Therefore water can continue to be drawn from the tank. If the tank is run
dry, the pump can lose prime.
After the Gated Intake Valve is fully open, then slowly CLOSE the Tank-to-Pump Valve to make sure that water
is drawn from the external supply only.
3. Close the Tank-Fill and Recirculating Valves
As long as the discharge lines are flowing water, the pump will have fresh water to keep it cool. With the Tank-
to-Pump Valve closed and the Tank-Fill or Recirculating Valves OPEN, the tank will continue to fill until it
overflows through the fill hatch.
a. CLOSE the Tank-Fill or Recirculating Valves to avoid tank overflow.
b. OPEN both valves again when pump cooling is required because discharge lines are CLOSED.
4-10. Pump Priming Problem Solutions
4-10.1 Control Valves That Leak

1. Cap Unused Discharge and Intake Pipes
Cap all unused discharge and intake pipes to reduce air leakage from a leaky valve.
4-11. Monitoring Intake Pressure
The Master Intake Gauge shows the intake manifold pressure.

1. Watch Intake Pressure
Look often at the intake pressure on Master Intake Gauge while pumping.
OPERATION
Maintain positive intake pressure with soft intake hose.

Negative intake pressure will collapse soft intake hose.
Attack lines will lose water pressure if hose collapses.
Loss of water supply will endanger fire fighters on attack lines.
NEVER cavitate pump.

Low intake pressure or high vacuum can cause pump cavitation.
Cavitation can:
• Cause loss of water pressure.
• Damage pump components, requiring expensive repairs.
Avoid water hammer.

Water hammer can damage the pump system.
2. Maintain 20 PSI Intake Pressure (Pressurized Supply)

Maintain intake pressure at or above 20 PSI when operating from a pressurized external supply.
This provides a safety factor to avoid drawing a vacuum on the intake hose.
Changes in supply pressure can cause intake pressure to drop without warning. Drop in pressure below zero
(0) PSI can cause water hammer, pump cavitation, or collapse the intake hose AND cause loss of water flow.
NOTE: 20 PSI may not be attainable in certain areas, depending on the hydrant system. For additional
information, consult your Fire Department standard operating procedures.
3. Maintain 20 in. Hg. Vacuum (Draft Supply)

When operating from draft, always maintain 20 in. Hg. of vacuum or less. Intake vacuum of more than 20 in. Hg.
can cause pump to cavitate.
4. Avoid Pump Cavitation
Pump Cavitation is happening when:
— Discharge pressure changes up and down.
— You hear a sound like gravel churning in the pump.
— Discharge pressure remains the same when you change engine speed.
Reduce discharge flow until cavitation ceases.
OPERATION
4-12. Refilling the Tank
ALWAYS refill water tank as soon as possible. If the supply source is interrupted, a full tank of water allows you to
continue flowing water to the attack lines while an external water source is being restored.
1. Open Tank Fill Valve
OPEN the Tank Fill Valve slowly to ¼ OPEN to divert some supply water into the water tank.
2. Watch Intake and Discharge Pressure
Watch the discharge pressure gauges to make sure that you maintain attack hose flow at the desired pressure
while you also fill the water tank.
If intake or discharge pressure drops below the desired pressure, either CLOSE the Tank Fill Valve to divert less
water to the tank OR increase engine speed to maintain pressure.
Always keep the water tank full so that a steady discharge flow can be maintained if the intake supply must be
shifted.
4-13. Changing from Tank to External Water Supply (without Gated Intake Valve)
If you change from the water tank to an external water source without an Intake Gate Valve, the water flow to the
discharge attack lines must be stopped.
Pierce recommends that every pumper apparatus have an Intake Gate Valve.
Use these procedures if Gate Valve is absent.
Make sure fire fighters are withdrawn from attack area, because hoses will lose water.
4-13.1 Stop Flowing Water

1. Close Discharge Valves
Water pressure during the transition period can fluctuate. Protect attack line personnel from the hazards of
pressure spikes by closing the Discharge Valves. Remember, you are also shutting off water to the attack hoses.
2. Reduce Engine Speed to IDLE
Running the pump without water will damage the seals and bearings. Reduce engine speed to IDLE to minimize
wear on the pump while the water supply from the tank is stopped.
3. Close Tank-to-Pump Valve
CLOSE Tank-to-Pump Valve before the removing the Intake Cap to prevent tank water from flowing out the
intake.
4. Connect Intake Hose
a. Remove the Intake Cap.
b. Connect the Intake Hose.
OPERATION
4-13.2 If you are connecting to a pressurized supply, charge intake line:

1. Open Tank Fill Valve or Discharge Valve
OPEN the Tank Fill Valve. Air in the intake hose must be expelled before water can reach the pump. Air will pass
through the pump and out the OPEN Tank Fill Valve.
- OR -
OPEN Discharge Valve and Discharge Drain Valve. Water will flow out the discharge drain valve once the air
escapes. Close the drain valve once air has escaped.
2. Charge the Intake Line
OPEN the water valve on the hydrant to allow water to flow through the intake hose and into the pump. Before
using water from a hydrant, open and vent the hydrant for about 30 seconds to flush out gravel or debris. Always
use intake strainers.
3. Close Tank Fill Valve
CLOSE the Tank Fill Valve once water tank is full.
4-13.3 Resume Discharge Operation

1. Open Discharge Valve
Open the Discharge Valve(s) slowly to resume attack line operations.
2. Increase Pressure
Continue to watch the Master Pressure Gauge. Increase speed until you reach the pump discharge pressure
you want.
4-14. Engine Status Display
Figure 4-12: Typical Engine Status Displays
1144
The Engine Status Display is either a group of gauges and indicator lights or an electronic display that gives you
critical information on engine performance.
You must watch this information often during pump operation, and react to any abnormal readings.
OPERATION
Engine information includes:

• Engine Speed: shows current engine speed in RPMs.
• Engine Oil Pressure Gauge: shows engine oil pressure.
• Engine Temperature Gauge: shows oil temperature of the engine.
• Electrical System Voltage Meter: measures the voltage level of the vehicle's battery system.
• Stop Engine Light
Replace apparatus when STOP ENGINE light is ON.

Engine can fail at any time without further warning.
Engine failure will stop water flow to attack lines, putting fire-fighting personnel in danger.
If the Stop Engine light turns ON, the engine's ECU (electronic control unit) has detected a critical error condition.
That means engine failure is possible at any moment. Read and study the engine manufacturer's operations manual
so you know how to react. Practice your reaction to all different kinds of failure. You need to be prepared in
advance so you can react properly in an emergency.
Fire apparatus programming does not allow a critical engine failure to automatically stop the engine. The engine will
continue to run until it self-destructs or fails.
It is your judgment call to balance the risks of damage to the engine with the need for the fire apparatus to remain
operational.
If possible, replace the apparatus with another apparatus RIGHT AWAY if this light comes on.
• Check Engine Light
If the Check Engine light turns ON, the engine's ECU detects a non-critical error condition. Immediately check
all gauges at the pump panel and compare with the readings of those in the cab. Compare both readings to
normal operating parameters. This will help you make the decision to continue to run the apparatus or replace
it with another. If the Check Engine light remains ON, schedule the engine for maintenance.
• Check Transmission Message
A Check Transmission message is displayed if the transmission's control unit detects a non-critical error. If the
Check Transmission message remains ON, schedule the transmission for maintenance.
4-15. Ending Water Flow Operation
4-15.1 Shutting Off Water Flow

1. Reduce Engine Speed to IDLE
2. Close Discharge Valves
Close all discharge and inlet valves slowly to prevent water hammer.
4-15.2 Disengaging the Pump

1. Reduce engine speed to IDLE
Adjust the Hand Throttle or Pressure Governor to bring engine to IDLE.
OPERATION
2. Disengage the Pump

Press WATER PUMP switch to disengage the water pump.
3. Observe Indicator Lights
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED light is OFF. If the light is ON, then repeat the procedure.
4-15.3 Disengaging the Pump (Stationary Operation)

1. Reduce engine speed to IDLE
Reduce engine speed to IDLE with the throttle control.
2. Observe Tachometer
Observe the Tachometer in the cab to confirm that the engine has remained at IDLE speed. If the engine has
increased speed, the throttle control on the pump panel might not have been properly reset to IDLE. Exit the cab
and return Hand Throttle and/or Pressure Governor to IDLE.
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED light is OFF. If light is ON, repeat the procedure.
4-15.4 Disengaging the Pump (Pump and Roll)

1. Stop Apparatus
Bring apparatus to a full stop and reduce engine speed to idle.
2. Shift the Transmission into Neutral (N)
3. Pull Parking Brake to Apply
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED light is OFF. If light is ON, repeat the procedure.
4-15.5 Securing Pump System
The pumping system should be drained during cold weather. See “Draining the Pumping System” on
page 5-1 for additional information.
1. Open Drain Valves and Bleed Valves

Open all pressure release valves to vent any trapped air pressure and water.
2. Open Nozzles
Relieve pressure from un-gated inlet hose by OPENING discharge nozzles.
3. Remove Hose
Remove all hoses from discharge and intake lines.
4. Replace Caps
Install Caps on Intake and Discharge connections to protect them from contamination.
OPERATION
5. Flush Pump
Flush the pumping system with clean, fresh water if required.
6. Purge Primer
If equipped with a fluid-lubricated primer pump, operate the primer pump until primer fluid comes out of the
primer pump discharge. Check primer fluid tank level, and fill if needed.
4-16. Operating from a Static (Draft) Water Supply
Operating the pump from a draft source is the most demanding type of pump operation. Learn about the complexities
and hazards of this operation by studying the IFTSA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook and through
formal training.
Once the apparatus is prepared for draft operation and the appropriate suction lines are deployed, prime the pump
as follows:
1. Close Valves
First, close all discharge valves, drain valves, bleed valves, and tank valves or the primer will fail to work.
2. Switch Pressure Governor to THROTTLE (RPM) CONTROL Mode
If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure governor, place it in THROTTLE (RPM) CONTROL mode. For
governor equipped apparatus, this will hold the prime better than starting out in PRESSURE mode.
3. Increase Engine Speed
Increase the engine speed to 1000 RPM. This should provide about 50 PSI of water pressure once the prime is
established.
4. Open Primer Valve
Pull to OPEN the Primer Valve and engage the primer motor. Listen to the sound of the primer motor as it pumps
air out of the water pump to draw a vacuum. Listen for the tone change as the primer pump begins to expel a
mix of air & water, and then begins expelling only water.
5. Observe Pressure Gauge
Watch the pressure on the Master Pressure Gauge to make sure that the water has entered the pump and the
pressure is beginning to build.
6. Open Discharge Valve
Open the Discharge Valve slowly to begin water flow operation.
7. Switch Pressure Governor to PRESSURE CONTROL Mode
For pressure governor equipped apparatus, switch from THROTTLE (RPM) CONTROL mode back to
PRESSURE CONTROL mode.
8. Increase Pressure
Continue to watch the Master Pressure Gauge. Increase the pressure until you reach the desired discharge
pressure.
OPERATION
SECTION 5 MAINTENANCE
5-1. Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance
Never run the pump dry except momentarily and at low speeds.
Do not use this pump for hose testing.
5-1.1 Maintenance Schedule

Develop a Standard Operating Procedure for the daily, weekly, monthly, and annual inspection and maintenance of
this fire apparatus after careful review of all documentation provided. Inspection and maintenance requirements for
components such as monitors, foam systems, flow meters, valves, etc., must be established by referencing the
service manuals.
Follow the pump manufacturer's inspection and maintenance recommendations.
Follow the procedures for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance found in the IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/
Operator Handbook (latest edition).
Follow instructions regarding inspection, cleaning, and maintenance located in the Pierce Custom Chassis
Operation & Maintenance Manual (Publication No. PM-C-OM012) or the Pierce Commercial Chassis Supplement
(Publication No. PM-C-OM090).
5-2. Draining the Pumping System
Freezing water can damage pipes, valves, primers, and gauges.

If you are moving a truck containing water outside when temperatures will approach freezing (32°F /
0°C), make sure that all fittings, valves, waterlines and caps have been opened or removed.
These include, but are not limited to: drain valves, discharge valves, intake valves, etc.
Following this recommendation could prevent damage to critical water system components and avoid
costly repairs.
NOTE: If it is desired to retain water in the water tank, the Tank to Pump and Tank Fill valves should be left
in the closed position.
Every part of the water pump system must be drained if exposed to freezing temperatures.
1. Locate the lowest points on every plumbing line and the drain valve that opens it
2. Remove Caps
AFTER opening air bleeder valves, remove all intake and discharge caps.
MAINTENANCE
3. Open Master Pump Drain
Figure 5-1: Typical Master Pump Drains
1145
The master pump drain (Figure 5-1) will empty both the discharge and inlet manifolds of water when opened.
4. Open Discharge Line Drains
Locate each Discharge Line and open the Drain Valves.
5. Open Intake Line Drains
Locate each Intake Line and open the Drain Valves.
6. Open Intake Relief Valve Drain—on apparatus equipped with relief valves
7. Open Control Valves
Open all Intake and Discharge Valves.
8. Purge Primer
Primer should be purged regularly in cold weather to prevent the primer from freezing.
9. Allow Water to Drain
10. Close all Valves
NOTE: If your apparatus is equipped with a foam system, refer to the applicable foam system manual for
draining procedures.
5-3. Flushing the Drain Valves
5-3.1 Forward Flushing

Drain Valves are the lowest point in the pump system. Dirt and debris in the water will settle in the drain valve bodies.
Flush each drain valve with clean water monthly or after pumping dirty or salty water. Flush drain valves to prevent
sediment from accumulating in the valve body and hurting proper operation of the drain valve.
1. Fill Water Tank
Begin flushing procedure with a full water tank of clean, fresh water.
2. Cap All Intake and Discharge Connections
Cap all connections to hold the clean water from the tank in the pumping system.
MAINTENANCE
3. Open all Intake and Discharge Valves

Open all control valves to allow fresh water to reach all points in the pumping system.
4. Open the Tank-to-Pump Valve
Open the Tank-to-Pump Valve to flood the pumping system with clean water.
5. Open Drain Valves One at a Time
Open each Drain Valve. Keep open until a steady stream of water flows from the valve for 20 seconds. If no
water or reduced water flows, find out why water fails to drain and make a repair.
6. Close Tank-to-Pump Valve
Close the Tank-to-Pump Valve to prevent any more water from entering the pumping system.
7. Open Drain Valves
Open each Drain Valve again until remaining water is drained from the system.
8. Remove Caps
Remove Intake and Discharge Caps.
9. Allow Water to Drain
10. Close All Intake and Discharge Valves
11. Replace Caps
Replace Intake and Discharge Caps.
12. Close Drain Valves
13. Refill Water Tank
5-3.2 Back Flushing

The pump should be back flushed with municipal water after salt water or other debris have entered the pump.
1. Remove Suction Strainers
Remove the suction strainers so they are not blown out of the pump.
2. Open Transfer Valve (if applicable)
Hold the transfer valve clapper, in the second stage volute entrance, open so debris is not trapped behind it.
3. Pump Water
Pump fresh, clean water through all of the inlets and outlets, until you see only clear water.
4. Open & Close Valves
Open and close all discharge and intake valves to flush them with clean water.
5. Activate Primer
In the case of salt water pumping, activate the primer to get clear water through the primer valve and pump.
6. Activate Pressure Relief Valve
Activate the pressure relief valve with the pilot valve to flush that system, and move the transfer valve from
Volume to Pressure a few times (if the pump is so equipped).
MAINTENANCE
5-4. Flushing and Draining the Pump
Pump body heats to high temperatures during operation.

Touching hot areas of pump will burn.
Allow pump to cool before servicing.
Flush the pumping system after pumping dirty, contaminated, or salty water.
1. Supply Clean, Fresh Water
Supply clean, fresh water to the pumping system.
2. Open Discharge Valves
Open all discharge valves so that clean, fresh water flows through each discharge line and valve for one minute.
3. Fill Tank
Fill the water tank with clean, fresh water.
4. Flush Drain Valves
Flush all drain valves using the procedure listed under Flushing the Drain Valves.
5-5. Pump Storage
Store pump completely full of clean water, or completely dry.

Do not leave pump partially full of water.
Always store pump dry in freezing weather.
In warm temperatures store pump either entirely full of water or completely empty.
Pumps stored partially full of water will rust at the air-to-water interface.
In freezing temperatures store pumps dry, without any water in the pump chamber.
5-6. Preventive Maintenance Checks & Services
Refer to Table 5-1 for a schedule of service and lubrication requirements. Perform services at the indicated interval
of miles or time, whichever comes first.
MAINTENANCE
Table 5-1: Maintenance Schedule
Pump
Description Action Hours Time
Primer Pump Check primer pump lubricating fluid level and fill as - Daily
necessary. See “Primer Pump Lubrication” on page 5-5.
Intake/Discharge Drained trapped water. See “Intake & Discharge Relief - Daily
Relief Valves Valve Drains (Optional)” on page 5-6.
Pump Transmission Check the oil level. See “Pump Transmission 25 3-months
Lubrication” on page 5-7.
Pump Transmission Change the oil and filter. See “Pump Transmission 100 6-months
Lubrication” on page 5-7.
Anode Rods Inspect and replace as necessary. See “Anode Rods - 6-months
(Optional)” on page 5-11.
Master Gauges Test and calibrate. See “Master Gauge Ports” on - Annually
page 5-6.
Annual Testing See “Annual Testing” on page 5-13. - Annually
5-7. Primer Pump Lubrication
Use environmentally-friendly priming lubricants or use procedures that capture the oil as it is expelled.
Expelling standard motor oil used as a lubricating fluid in the primer pump does not meet EPA
regulations.
Figure 5-2: Primer Pump Lubrication Fluid or Oil Reservoir
POM0031
Some primer pumps require a lubricating fluid or oil. The fluid reservoir (Figure 5-2) is normally located in the pump
house behind an access panel or access door.
For oil-type priming pumps, the lubricant is expelled with the air as the pump is primed.
Use only lubricating fluid that is approved by the manufacturer of the pump and approved for use in the environment.
MAINTENANCE
5-8. Intake & Discharge Relief Valve Drains (Optional)
Figure 5-3: Relief Valve Drain
POM0032
Inlet and discharge relief valves can trap water inside the mechanism of the valve.
Drain trapped water from the valve daily, and before operating apparatus in freezing temperatures.
Frozen water will damage the valve.
5-9. Master Gauge Ports
Vacuum and Pressure Test Ports are provided for use during the annual testing and certification of the pump.
Master gauge testing and calibration should only be performed by trained maintenance personnel.
NEVER remove plugs in these ports except for test purposes.
1. Test Master Gauges Annually

The VACUUM test port leads directly to the Master Intake Gauge line.
The PRESSURE test port leads directly to the Master Discharge Gauge line.
Use certified test gauges to check and calibrate Master Gauges.
MAINTENANCE
5-10. Pump Transmission Lubrication
Only use the recommended PUC lubricant in the PUC transmission. Failure to comply will cause
damage to equipment and void the warranty.
The Pierce Ultimate Configuration (PUC) pump transmission incorporates an internal lubrication pump providing
forced lubrication for power transmission components. The positive lubrication system provides an effective means
to filter, cool, and distribute the lubricant in a controlled manner. The pump transmission lubricant is circulated from
the gear case reservoir, through a heat exchanger, cooler, filter, and then back into the transmission assembly at the
outboard impeller shaft bearing. Internal oil passageways distribute oil to component contact surfaces, minimizing
contact wear.
In top mount applications, in-line, low pressure non-return valves are installed on transmission lubrication discharge
and return ports to prohibit draining of oil from the external lubrication components back to the pump transmission
reservoir tank. This ensures that the oil level dipstick will provide accurate and consistent readings.
MAINTENANCE
Figure 5-4: Pump Transmission Lubrication Circuit - Side Control
1213
MAINTENANCE
Figure 5-5: Pump Transmission Lubrication Circuit- Top Mount
1855834
Maintain gear case oil level to a point between the two grooves on the oil level dipstick. When checking oil level,
dipstick must be screwed all the way in and then removed for accurate readings.
Check the oil level every 25 hours of pumping operation or every three months. Change the oil and filter every 100
hours or 6 months.
MAINTENANCE
Only use the recommended PUC lubricant in the PUC transmission. Failure to comply will cause
damage to equipment and void the warranty.
Do not overfill. Overfilling may cause excessive gear case operating temperatures.
Service driveline universal joint grease fittings at regular chassis service intervals.
NOTE: • The part number for the replacement spin-on filter element is Pierce PN 1777990.
• Approximate gear case oil reservoir capacity is 4 quarts of lubricant. Oil filter and cooler will
require an additional 2 quarts when completely drained.
Service the pump transmission with:

• PUC XPL Extreme Performance Lubricant, Pierce PN 1915175 (case containing four 1-gallon containers)
• Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil (TDTO), Caterpillar PN 8T9568 (5-gallon container)
• Any equivalent lubricant meeting the specifications in Table 5-2
• Do NOT use grease!
Table 5-2: Characteristics of PUC XPL Extreme Performance Lubricant
Specification Specification
SAE Viscosity Grade 10W Viscosity:
- cP @ -20°C (ASTM D5293) 3130
- cSt @ 40°C (ASTM D445) 39.1
- cSt @ 100°C (ASTM D445) 6.1
Manufacturer’s Test: Viscosity Index (ASTM D2270) 97
- CAT TO-4
- Allison C-4, C-3
ISO Viscosity Grade 32 Calcium, % wt. .298
Gravity, °API (ASTM D287) 27.9 Sulfated Ash, % wt. (ASTM D874) 1.2
Appearance (Visual) Clear & Bright Zinc, % wt. (ASTM D1549) .127
Flash Point, °C (°F) (ASTM D92) 202 (395) Phosphorous, % wt. (ASTM D1091) .110
Pour Point, °C (°F) (ASTM D97) -36 (-33) min. TBN (ASTM D2896) 7.9
1. Fill reservoir to dipstick level line.

2. Run the engine for a short period to distribute oil.
3. Shut down engine.
4. Recheck fluid level and add additional lubricant if required.
MAINTENANCE
Figure 5-6: Oil Level Dipstick and Fill Port and Drain Plug
1132
5-11. Anode Rods (Optional)
Figure 5-7: Anode Rods
New Rod Used Rod
1419/1420/1421
Anodes help prevent damage caused by galvanic corrosion within the pump and plumbing. Galvanic corrosion
results when different conducting materials are connected and exposed to water. With the use of anodes, galvanic
corrosion will attack the less resistant of the two metals (anodes) while protecting the more resistant metal (the
pump). Using the proper sacrificial anodes extends the life of your pump by corroding the anode instead of the pump
and plumbing.
Anodes should be inspected semi-annually and replaced when over 75% of the material has been consumed.
MAINTENANCE
5-12. Mechanical Shaft Seal
This pump assembly incorporates a high quality mechanical shaft seal separating the pump housing components
from atmosphere. The seal size, design type, component materials, and housing configuration have been
specifically designed for this pump application and rated operating parameters.
5-12.1 Mechanical Seal Basics

A mechanical seal is a device that houses two highly polished components (known as faces). One face rotates, the
other is stationary. A secondary elastomer bellows seals the primary ring to the shaft. An o-ring or cup seal seals
the mating ring in the housing. The polished seal faces of the primary and mating rings are pressed together by a
spring mechanism to provide adequate force to affect a seal. The force acting between the seal faces increases in
direct proportion to product pressure.
The elastomer bellows seal utilized in this pump has the following design features:
• Mechanical drive of the primary seal ring. The drive band’s notch design eliminates over stressing the elastomer
sealing bellows.
• Bellows design provides automatic compensation for shaft end play, run out, and primary ring wear.
• Seal face contact pressure is controlled by a single, non-clogging coil spring. This coil spring has been custom
welded per Pierce specifications to eliminate high-speed spring distortion.
The seal housing is designed and ported to provide optimal water flow and pressure assuring proper cooling and
flushing of the seal components.
Figure 5-8: Mechanical Seal
PT1954
PT1954
5-12.2 Mechanical Seal Operation and Maintenance

When operated within rated operating conditions of this pump, the seal will provide trouble free service for extended
periods.
MAINTENANCE
Properly selected and applied mechanical shaft seals are leak free and require no adjustment. Should the seal area
develop a leak, investigate the cause as soon as possible. Seal failure, leakage, may be the result of: worn seal
faces, leaking bellows, or damaged o-rings. These failures may be attributed to bearing failure, impeller blockage,
impeller imbalance, seal housing contamination, operating beyond pump design rating, or dry running,
Mechanical shaft seal design relies on the sealed media (in this case, water) to cool and lubricate the sealing
surfaces. Therefore, extended dry operation may cause overheating and scoring or damage to the sealing surfaces,
resulting in excessive leakage or a much shortened seal life.
To maximize seal life, minimize operation at pump pressures higher than pump rating. While operating at pressures
beyond rating will not immediately damage the seal, it will increase sealing surface wear rate.
5-13. Annual Testing
Test all pumping apparatus annually per the specifications in NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance,
Testing and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus (latest edition).
These tests are necessary to make sure that the apparatus will continue to perform to specification.
These tests help prevent breakdowns.
MAINTENANCE
SECTION 6 REFERENCE TABLES
6-1. Conversion Factors
One pound per square inch = 2.31 feet of water

= 2.04 inches of mercury
= 27.7 inches of water
One foot of water = 0.43 pounds per square inch
One inch of mercury = 1.13 feet of water

= 0.49 pounds per square inch
One cubic foot of water = 62.4 pounds

= 7.5 gallons
One gallon of water = 231 cubic inches

= 0.13 cubic feet
= 8.34 pounds
= 3.8 liters
One Imperial Gallon = 1.2 U.S. gallons
Atmospheric Pressure (Sea Level) = 14.8 pounds per square inch

= 29.9 inches of mercury
= 34 feet of water
REFERENCE TABLES
6-2. Pump Tests
Table 6-1: NFPA 1901 Test
Class A
TEST Recom- Min. Min. Min. Net Disch. Suction
No. GPM mended Nozzle Disch. Pump Lines Hose
Nozzles Press. PSI Press. PSI Press. PSI
500 GPM Pump
1 500 1-1/2" 57 143 150 1-50" 20' of 4"
2 350 1-1/4" 58 194 200
3 250 1" 72 245 250
4 500 1-1/2" 57 158 165
750 GPM Pump
1 750 1-3/4" or 68 142 150 2-50'
2, 1-1/4" 66
2 525 1-1/2" 62 193 200 or 20' of 4-1/2"
3 375 1-1/4" 66 244 250 2-100'
4 750 1-3/4" or 68 157 165 Siamesed
2, 1-1/4" 66
1000 GPM Pump
1 1000 1, 2" or 71 142 150 2-50'
2, 1-1/2" 57
2 700 1-3/4" or 60 193 200 or 20' of 5"
2, 1-1/4" 58
3 500 1-1/2" 57 244 250 3-100'
4 1000 1, 2" or 71 157 165 Siamesed
2, 1-1/2" 57
1250 GPM Pump
1 1250 2-1/4" or 69 143 150 3-50'
2, 1-1/2" 88
2 875 1, 2" or 55 194 200 or
2, 1-3/8" 61
3 625 1-1/2" 88 245 250 3-100' 20' of 6"
4 1250 2-1/4" or 69 158 165 and 1-50'
2, 1-1/2" 88
Siamesed
Min. discharge pressures listed above are for pumps operating with full 10’ static suction lift. These pressures
must be increased by 1 PSI for each 2.3 ft. less than 10’ of lift.
REFERENCE TABLES
1500 GPM Pump

1 1500 2, 1-3/4” or 68 142 150 3-50’ 20’ of
3, 1-1/2” 57
2 1050 1, 2” or 78 194 200 or 6” Min
2, 1-1/2” 62
3 750 1, 1-3/4” or 68 245 250 3-100’ or
2, 1-1/4” 66 and (2) 20’ of
1-50’
4 1500 2, 1-3/4” or 68 157 165 Siamesed 6” Max
3, 1-1/2” 57
1750 GPM Pump
1 1750 2, 2” or 55 143 150 4-50’ (2) 20’ of 6”
3, 1-1/2” 76
2 1225 2, 1-5/8” or 61 194 200 or
2, 1-1/2” or 84
3, 1-1/4” 79
3 875 1, 2” or 55 245 250 4-100’
2, 1-3/8” 61
4 1750 2, 2” or 55 158 165
3, 1-1/2” 76
2000 GPM Pump
1 2000 2, 2” or 71 147 150 4-50’ (2) 20’ of 6”
4, 1-1/2” 57
2 1400 2, 1-3/4” or 60 199 200 or
3, 1-1/2” 49
3 1000 1, 2” or 71 249 250 4-100’
2, 1-1/2” 57
4 2000 2, 2” or 71 163 165
4, 1-1/2” 57
Min. discharge pressures listed above are for pumps operating with full 10’ static suction lift. These pressures
must be increased by 1 PSI for each 2.3 ft. less than 10’ of lift.
REFERENCE TABLES
6-3. Smooth Bore Nozzle Discharge
Table 6-2: Discharge From Smooth Bore Nozzle - Pressures Measured by Pitot Gauge
Nozzle
Pressure 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 3/4 2 2 1/4
PSI GALLONS PER MINUTE DELIVERED
5 4 9 16 26 37 50 66 84 103 125 149 175 203 266 337
6 4 10 18 28 41 55 72 92 113 137 163 192 223 292 369
7 4 11 19 30 44 59 78 99 122 148 176 207 241 315 399
8 5 11 21 32 47 64 84 106 131 158 188 222 257 336 427
9 5 12 22 34 50 67 89 112 139 168 200 235 273 357 452
10 6 13 23 36 53 71 93 118 146 177 211 248 288 376 477
12 6 15 25 40 58 78 102 130 160 194 231 271 315 412 522
14 7 15 27 43 63 84 110 140 173 210 249 293 340 445 564
16 7 16 29 46 67 90 118 150 185 224 267 313 364 475 603
18 7 17 31 49 71 95 125 159 196 237 283 332 386 504 640
20 8 18 33 51 75 101 132 167 206 250 298 350 407 532 674
22 8 19 34 54 79 105 139 175 216 263 313 367 427 557 707
24 8 20 36 56 82 110 145 183 226 275 327 384 446 582 739
26 9 21 37 59 85 115 151 191 235 286 340 400 464 606 769
28 9 21 39 61 89 119 157 198 244 297 353 415 481 629 799
30 10 22 40 63 92 123 162 205 253 307 365 429 498 651 826
32 10 23 41 65 95 127 167 212 261 317 377 443 514 673 854
34 11 23 43 67 98 131 172 218 269 327 389 457 530 693 880
36 11 24 44 69 100 135 177 224 277 336 400 470 546 713 905
38 11 25 45 71 103 138 182 231 285 345 411 483 561 733 930
40 11 26 46 73 106 142 187 237 292 354 422 496 575 752 954
42 11 26 47 74 109 146 192 243 299 363 432 508 589 770 978
44 12 27 49 76 111 149 196 248 306 372 442 520 603 788 1000
46 12 28 50 78 114 152 200 254 313 380 452 531 617 806 1021
48 12 28 51 80 116 156 205 259 320 388 462 543 630 824 1043
50 13 29 52 81 118 159 209 265 326 396 472 554 643 841 1065
52 13 29 53 83 121 162 213 270 333 404 481 565 656 857 1087
54 13 30 54 84 123 165 217 275 339 412 490 576 668 873 1108
56 13 30 56 86 125 168 221 280 345 419 499 586 680 889 1129
58 13 31 56 87 128 171 225 285 351 426 508 596 692 905 1149
60 14 31 57 89 130 174 229 290 357 434 517 607 704 920 1168
62 14 32 58 90 132 177 233 295 363 441 525 617 716 936 1187
64 14 32 59 92 134 180 237 299 369 448 533 627 727 951 1206
66 14 33 60 93 136 182 240 304 375 455 542 636 738 965 1224
68 14 33 60 95 138 185 244 308 381 462 550 646 750 980 1242
70 15 34 61 96 140 188 247 313 386 469 558 655 761 994 1260
72 15 34 62 97 142 191 251 318 391 475 566 665 771 1008 1278
74 15 35 63 99 144 193 254 322 397 482 574 674 782 1023 1296
76 15 35 64 100 146 196 258 326 402 488 582 683 792 1036 1313
78 15 36 65 101 148 198 261 330 407 494 589 692 803 1050 1330
REFERENCE TABLES
Table 6-2: Discharge From Smooth Bore Nozzle - Pressures Measured by Pitot Gauge (Continued)
80 16 36 66 103 150 201 264 335 413 500 596 700 813 1063 1347
82 16 37 66 104 152 204 268 339 418 507 604 709 823 1076 1364
84 16 37 67 105 154 206 271 343 423 513 611 718 833 1089 1380
86 16 37 68 107 155 208 274 347 428 519 618 726 843 1102 1396
88 16 38 69 108 157 211 277 351 433 525 626 735 853 1115 1412
90 17 39 70 109 159 213 280 355 438 531 633 743 862 1128 1429
92 17 39 70 110 161 215 283 359 443 537 640 751 872 1140 1445
94 17 39 71 111 162 218 286 363 447 543 647 759 881 1152 1460
96 17 40 72 113 164 220 289 367 452 549 654 767 890 1164 1476
98 17 40 73 114 166 223 292 370 456 554 660 775 900 1176 1491
100 18 41 73 115 168 225 295 374 461 560 667 783 909 1189 1506
105 18 42 75 118 172 230 303 383 473 574 683 803 932 1218 1542
110 19 43 77 121 176 236 310 392 484 588 699 822 954 1247 1579
115 19 43 79 123 180 241 317 401 495 600 715 840 975 1275 1615
120 19 44 80 126 183 246 324 410 505 613 730 858 996 1303 1649
125 20 45 82 129 187 251 331 418 516 626 745 876 1016 1329 1683
130 20 46 84 131 191 256 337 427 526 638 760 893 1036 1356 1717
135 21 47 85 134 195 262 343 435 536 650 775 910 1056 1382 1750
140 21 48 87 136 198 266 350 443 546 662 789 927 1076 1407 1780
145 21 49 88 139 202 271 356 450 556 674 803 944 1095 1432 1812
150 22 50 90 141 205 275 362 458 565 686 817 960 1114 1456 1843
REFERENCE TABLES
6-4. Various Nozzles Discharge
Table 6-3: Approximate Discharge Flow From Different Nozzles At the end of Fifty Feet of Average, 2 1/2”
Rubber Lined Fire Hose, for Various Pump Pressures with Discharge Valve Wide Open
SIZE OF NOZZLE – GALLONS PER MINUTE

PUMP
PRESSURE
PSI 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2
30 90 119 153 187 217 250 282
40 103 137 177 216 253 290 327
50 115 153 198 242 284 325 367
60 126 168 216 265 311 357 402
70 136 182 234 287 337 385 435
80 145 194 250 308 361 414 465
90 154 206 265 325 383 437 492
100 162 217 280 343 405 462 520
110 171 228 295 360 425 485 549
120 179 239 307 377 444 510 572
130 186 249 318 392 462 530 596
140 193 258 330 407 480 549 618
150 200 267 341 421 497 567
175 215 288 374 455 538
200 230 309 395 486
225 243 328 420
250 257 345
This table is offered as an aide in testing pump performance where facilities for accurate measurement of capacity
are not available. The capacities given above are conservative, and will not vary more than 5% from actual
capacities with any of the standard hose that might be used.
REFERENCE TABLES
6-5. Nozzle Pressure
Table 6-4: Pump or Hydrant Pressure required to provide Effective Nozzle Pressure through various Lengths of
Rubber Lined Hose
Size of Hose 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3

Size of Nozzle 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 1/4 1 1/2
Nozzle Length of
Press PSI Hose
Feet PUMP OR HYDRANT PRESSURE - PSI
40 100 45 43 48 60 42 50 44 46 51 64 88 51 62
200 49 46 56 79 43 60 47 52 60 86 130 59 78
400 58 51 73 118 46 79 53 62 79 129 212 75 110
600 67 57 89 158 50 99 59 74 97 172 92 143
800 76 62 106 196 53 119 65 85 116 215 108 176
1000 85 68 122 235 56 138 72 96 134 258 124 208
1500 108 72 142 64 187 87 118 181 165
2000 130 96 204 72 226 103 151 227 205
60 100 67 64 72 89 63 73 65 69 75 95 132 76 92
200 74 68 84 117 65 86 70 78 89 126 196 88 115
400 87 76 107 173 69 112 79 94 116 188 111 161
600 101 85 131 231 74 138 88 111 143 250 135 208
800 114 93 153 79 164 98 127 170 158
1000 127 101 178 83 190 107 143 197 182
1500 161 122 237 95 155 130 184 264
2000 195 142 106 153 225
80 100 88 85 96 117 83 99 87 92 99 126 175 101 103
200 97 91 112 154 86 117 93 103 115 167 116 154
400 115 102 143 228 92 154 105 125 148 249 147
600 132 112 174 98 191 117 147 181 178
800 150 123 206 104 228 129 167 214 209
1000 167 134 238 110 141 191 247
1500 211 161 125 171 245
2000 254 188 140 201
100 100 111 107 120 146 104 123 108 115 125 157 126 152
200 122 113 139 192 108 145 116 128 150 209 146 190
400 143 127 177 284 115 190 130 154 200 184
600 165 140 217 123 235 145 180 250 223
800 186 154 256 131 159 206
1000 208 167 138 174 232
1500 262 200 157 211
2000 234 175 253
REFERENCE TABLES
6-6. Vertical and Horizontal Nozzle Reach
Table 6-5: Reach Of Fire Streams
Size of
Nozzle 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2"
NOZZLE
PRESSURE EFFECTIVE VERTICAL REACH - Feet
40 30 35 40 50 59 62 64 65 69
60 35 40 45 60 74 77 79 84 87
80 38 42 48 65 81 85 89 94 96
100 40 44 50 68 84 89 94 100 102
NOZZLE
PRESSURE MAXIMUM VERTICAL REACH - Feet
40 60 65 70 75 78 79 80 80 80
60 70 75 85 95 105 106 108 110 110
80 78 83 95 105 117 125 132 140 140
100 80 88 100 110 122 135 145 155 155
NOZZLE
PRESSURE EFFECTIVE HORIZONTAL REACH - Feet
40 20 25 30 40 44 50 55 62 66
60 25 32 37 50 54 61 67 75 80
80 28 35 40 57 62 70 76 84 88
100 30 37 42 60 66 76 84 93 95
NOZZLE
PRESSURE MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL REACH - Feet
40 65 80 90 100 108 120 125 138 140
60 80 95 95 120 127 142 156 176 183
80 90 105 105 135 143 160 175 201 210
100 95 110 110 140 153 180 205 215 223
REFERENCE TABLES
6-7. Friction Loss
Table 6-6: Friction Loss in Fire Hose Loss in PSI per 100 Feet of Hose
SIZE HOSE LINEN HOSE BEST RUBER LINED HOSE

G.P.M. 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 (2)-2 1/2
10 1.0 13.5 3.5 0.5 0.1
15 2.2 29.0 7.2 1.0 0.3
20 3.6 50.0 12.3 1.7 0.4
25 5.5 75.0 18.5 2.6 0.6
30 8.0 1.9 105.0 26.0 3.6 0.9
40 13.0 3.2 180.0 44.0 6.1 1.5
50 20.0 4.9 1.6 67.0 9.3 2.3
60 28.0 7.0 2.2 96.0 13.5 3.3
70 37.0 9.0 3.1 131.0 17.0 4.3
80 47.0 11.5 3.8 171.0 23.0 5.6
90 59.0 14.5 5.0 217.0 29.0 7.0
100 72.0 17.5 5.9 268.0 33.0 8.4
120 25.0 8.3 386.0 47.0 11.7
140 34.0 11.0 62.0 16.0 5.2 2.0 0.9 1.4
160 43.0 14.0 78.0 20.0 6.6 2.6 1.2 1.9
180 53.0 17.7 97.0 25.0 8.3 3.2 1.5 2.3
200 63.0 21.5 121.0 30.6 10.1 3.9 1.8 2.8
220 146.0 12.0 4.6 2.1 3.3
240 173.0 14.1 5.4 2.5 3.9
260 204.0 16.4 6.3 2.9 4.5
280 237.0 18.7 7.2 3.3 5.2
300 272.0 21.2 8.2 3.7 5.9
320 23.8 9.3 4.2 6.6
340 26.9 10.5 4.7 7.4
360 30.0 11.5 5.2 8.3
380 33.0 12.8 5.8 9.2
400 36.2 14.1 6.3 10.1
425 40.8 15.7 7.0 11.3
450 45.2 17.5 7.9 12.5
475 50.0 19.3 8.7 13.8
500 55.0 21.2 9.5 15.2
525 23.2 10.5 16.6
550 25.2 11.4 18.1
575 27.5 12.4 19.6
600 29.9 13.4 21.2
650 34.5 15.5 24.8
700 39.5 17.7 28.3
750 45.0 20.1 32.2
REFERENCE TABLES
Table 6-6: Friction Loss in Fire Hose Loss in PSI per 100 Feet of Hose (Continued)
800 50.5 22.7 36.2

850 56.5 25.4 40.7
900 63.0 28.2 45.2
1000 76.5 34.3 55.0
Losses in rough walled, rubber hose may be 50% higher than values given above.
Table 6-7: Friction Loss in 15-year-old Steel Pipe Loss in PSI per 100 Feet of Pipe
PIPE SIZE 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 6 8
G.P.M.
1 52.0 12.0 2.8 0.9
2 45.0 10.0 3.2 4.0
5 55.0 18.0 4.5 1.4 0.4
10 64.0 16.0 5.0 1.3 0.6
15 135.0 34.0 11.0 2.7 1.3 0.5
20 59.0 18.0 4.7 2.2 0.8
25 89.0 27.0 7.1 3.4 1.2
30 125.0 39.0 10.0 4.7 1.7 0.6
35 51.0 13.0 6.3 2.2 0.7
40 66.0 17.0 8.0 2.9 0.9
45 82.0 21.0 10.0 3.6 1.2
50 99.0 26.0 12.0 4.3 1.4 0.6
60 140.0 38.0 17.0 6.1 2.0 0.8
70 49.0 23.0 8.0 2.7 1.1
80 63.0 29.0 10.0 3.4 1.5
90 78.0 36.0 13.0 4.3 1.8
100 96.0 44.0 15.0 5.1 2.2 0.5
125 144.0 66.0 24.0 7.8 3.3 0.8
150 93.0 33.0 11.0 4.6 1.1
175 125.0 44.0 15.0 6.1 1.5
200 56.0 19.0 7.8 1.9
250 84.0 28.0 12.0 2.9
300 114.0 40.0 16.0 4.0 0.6
350 53.0 22.0 5.4 0.8
400 68.0 28.0 6.9 1.0
450 84.0 35.0 8.6 1.2
500 102.0 42.0 10.0 1.4 0.4
600 60.0 15.0 2.1 0.6
800 25.0 3.5 1
1000 37.0 5.2 1.3
1500 11.0 2.7
2000 19.0 4.7
2500 29.0 7.1
3000 10
REFERENCE TABLES
6-8. Fittings Resistance
Table 6-8: Resistance of Fittings Equivalent Lengths of Straight Pipe – Feet
PIPE SIZE 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 5 6 8

Gate Valve 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 4.1 5.3 6.7 9.4
Global Valve 3.0 4.5 6.0 8.5 10.5 14.0 17.0 22.0 32.0 42.0 53.0 75.0
Angle Valve 1.4 2.0 2.7 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.9 10.5 14.5 18.5 23.0 33.0
Std. Elbow 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.7 5.8 7.5 11.0 14.0 18.0 24.0
45 Elbow 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.1 4.2 5.2 6.3 8.5
Long Sweep EI 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.7 5.3 7.0 9.0 12.5
Str Run Tee
Std. Tee Thru 2.1 2.9 3.9 5.5 6.9 9.1 11.6 14.8 21.0 27.0 34.0 49.0
Side Outlet
Sudden 1.8 2.5 3.2 4.2 5.0 6.5 7.5 9.5 13.0 16.0 19.0 25.0
Enlarge or
Contraction
Entrance to 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.9 6.5 8.2 10.0 13.0
Pipe
6-9. PSI to Elevation Conversion
Table 6-9: To Convert Pounds per Square Inch to Feet Elevation of Water
Feet 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
PSI 2.2 4.3 6.5 8.7 11 13 15 17 20 22 26 30 35 39
Feet 100 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280
PSI 43 52 56 61 65 69 74 78 82 87 95 104 113 121
Feet 300 320 340 360 380 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 600 700
PSI 130 139 147 156 165 173 184 195 206 217 227 238 260 303
REFERENCE TABLES
6-10. Screw Thread
Table 6-10: American National Fire Hose Connection Screw Thread – NH
Size of Hose 3/4 1 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 6

Thr’ds per inch 8 8 9 7.5 6 6 4 4 4 4
Thread 0.75-8 NH 1-8 NH 1.5-9 NH 2.5-7.5 NH 3-6 NH 3.5-6 NH 4-4 NH 4.5-4 NH 5-4 NH 6-4 NH
Designation
Max. O.D. Male 1.3750 1.3750 1.9900 3.0686 3.6239 4.2439 5.0109 5.7609 6.2600 7.0250
Ref. NFPA 1963

Underwriters Nozzle Tip Thread: 2.1875 O.D. - 12 threads per inch
INDEX
A Determine Discharge Pressure ................... 4-13

Discharge Relief Valve Drain (Optional) ......... 5-6
Acceptance Tests ...................................... 3-5 Discharging Foam .................................... 4-18
Adjusting the Pump Pressure ..................... 4-13 Discharging Water .................................... 4-15
Annual Testing ........................................ 5-13 Disengaging the Pump (Driveline
Anode Rods ........................................... 5-11 Driven Pump) ............................... 4-25
Approaching the Apparatus .......................... 4-1 Disengaging the Pump (Pump and Roll) ........ 4-26
Disengaging the Pump (Stationary Operation) 4-26
B Draining the Pumping System ...................... 5-1
Driveline Driven Pump ................................ 4-7
Back Flushing ........................................... 5-3
E
C
Effects of Atmospheric Conditions on Engine and
Cautions .................................................. 1-2 Pump Performance ......................... 3-6
Changing from Tank to External Pressurized Ending Water Flow Operation ..................... 4-25
Water Supply (with Gated Engaging Pump when Vehicle is Driving – Advanced
Intake Valve) ................................ 4-18 Package (Optional) ......................... 4-9
Changing from Tank to External Water Supply Engaging Pump when Vehicle is Driving – Basic
(without Gated Intake Valve) ........... 4-23 Package (Standard) ........................ 4-8
Charge the Intake Line (Pressurized Engine Speed and Pump Pressure .............. 4-14
Supply) ....................................... 4-20 Engine Status Display ............................... 4-24
Charging Line ......................................... 4-17 Engines ................................................... 3-5
Check Adjustment of Intake Relief Valve ........ 2-1
Chock the Wheels ...................................... 4-6
Compartment Doors ................................... 4-2 F
Connect Intake Hose ................................ 4-19 Fire Scene Positioning ............................... 4-6
Connecting Attack Line Hose ..................... 4-15 Fittings Resistance ................................... 6-11
Control Valves That Leak .......................... 4-21 Flushing and Draining the Pump ................... 5-4
Controlling Engine Speed with Multiple Flushing the Drain Valves ........................... 5-2
Controls ...................................... 4-15
Folding Steps or Platforms .......................... 4-2
Controlling Engine Speed, Not Pumping - Pressure
Forward Flushing ...................................... 5-2
Governor Operation ....................... 4-14
Friction Loss ............................................ 6-9
Controlling Engine Speed, Pumping - Pressure
Governor Operation ....................... 4-14
Conversion Factors .................................... 6-1 G
Cooling the Engine ..................................... 3-2
Create a Pump Chart .................................. 2-1 General Operation ..................................... 3-1
Custom Products ....................................... 1-5 General Safety Information .......................... 1-3
D H
Daily Checks ............................................ 1-5 Hose ...................................................... 4-3

Dangers ................................................... 1-2 Hose Bed Covers ...................................... 4-2
Definitions ................................................ 3-1 Hose Beds ............................................... 4-4
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / Index-1
INDEX
Hose Chutes ............................................ 4-3 P

Hose Connections ..................................... 4-5
Hose Deployment ...................................... 4-4 Pierce Ultimate Configuration (PUC) Pump,
Description .................................... 3-1
Hose Restraint .......................................... 4-3
Positioning on Roads .................................. 4-6
Hose Storage ........................................... 4-3
Positioning the Apparatus ............................ 4-6
Power Take-Off (PTO) Safety Information ....... 1-3
I Powershift PTO, Cold Weather Operation ....... 1-4
Preventive Maintenance Checks & Services .... 5-4
Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance .......... 5-1
Primer Pump Lubrication ............................. 5-5
Intake Relief Valve Drain (Optional) ............... 5-6
Professional, Training, and Standards
Organizations ................................. 1-5
K PSI to Elevation Conversion ....................... 6-11
Pump Priming Problem Solutions ................ 4-21
Keeping Your Knowledge Refreshed and
Pump Storage ........................................... 5-4
Up-to-Date .................................... 1-6
Pump Tests .............................................. 6-2
Pump Transmission Lubrication ...... 5-7, 5-8, 5-9
L Pumping in Cold Weather ............................ 3-4
Pumping Salt Water ................................... 3-4
Lighting ................................................... 4-6
R
M
Refilling the Tank ..................................... 4-23
Maintenance Schedule ............................... 5-1
Responsibility ............................................ 1-3
Manual Pump Engagement ....................... 4-13
Resume Discharge Operation ..................... 4-24
Master Gauge Ports ................................... 5-6
Rotating Auxiliary Driveshafts ....................... 1-4
Measuring Pump Performance ..................... 3-5
Mechanical Seal ...................................... 5-12
Mechanical Seal Basics ............................ 5-12 S
Mechanical Seal Operation and Maintenance 5-12
Safety ...................................................... 1-3
Mechanical Shaft Seal .............................. 5-12
Safety Defect Reporting .............................. 1-6
Monitoring Intake Pressure ........................ 4-21
Safety Warning Labels ................................ 1-2
Screw Thread ......................................... 6-12
N Securing Pump System ............................. 4-26
Shutting Off Water Flow ............................ 4-25
Nozzle Pressure ........................................ 6-7
Smooth Bore Nozzle Discharge .................... 6-4
Source of Water Supply .............................. 3-4
O Stepping and Walking Surfaces .................... 4-1
Stop Flowing Water .................................. 4-23
Oil Level Dipstick and Fill Port and Drain Plug 5-11
Suction Line .............................................. 3-2
Operating Characteristics of Pumps .............. 3-6
Suction Strainers ....................................... 3-2
Operating from a Static (Draft) Water Supply . 4-27
Supply the Pump ..................................... 4-21
Operating the Engine ................................. 3-2
Supply Water to Pump .............................. 4-10
Operation of Pump ..................................... 4-7
Operation PUC Fire Pump ........................... 4-7
T
Testing for Air Leaks ................................... 3-3
Index-2 / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX
Testing of Equipment for Practice .................. 3-4

To Engage the Pump—Stationary Operation ... 4-7
To prevent injury to yourself and/or damage to the
equipment ..................................... 1-3
V
Various Nozzles Discharge .......................... 6-6
Vertical and Horizontal Nozzle Reach ............ 6-8
W
Warnings ................................................. 1-2
What To Do If You Lack Knowledge .............. 1-1
When Finished Pumping ............................. 3-4
Who Should Use, Service and Maintain
This Vehicle ................................... 1-1
© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / Index-3
INDEX
Index-4 / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Operation & Maintenance Manual

© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. Part No. PM-P-OM420-0914

SECTION 1. TO THE OWNER

SECTION 2. BEFORE PLACING IN SERVICE

© 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved. PUC Pumpers / i

ii / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.

4-10 PUMP PRIMING PROBLEM SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................ 4-21

5-13 ANNUAL TESTING ....................................................................................................................................... 5-13

SECTION 6. REFERENCE TABLES

iv / PUC Pumpers © 2014 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. All Rights Reserved.

1-1. Who Should Use, Service and Maintain This Vehicle

1-2. What To Do If You Lack Knowledge

1-3. Cautions, Warnings and Dangers

1-3.1 Safety Warning Labels

Open and close valves slowly

Do not exceed system rated pressure, capacity or speed.

1-4.1 Power Take-Off (PTO) Safety Information

1-4.2 General Safety Information

1-4.2a To prevent injury to yourself and/or damage to the equipment

1-4.2b Cold Weather Operation of Powershift Power Take-Off (PTO)

• Spinning shaft hazard.

1-4.2c Rotating Auxiliary Driveshafts

1-6. Daily Checks

At start of shift, follow your department's apparatus check.

1-7. Custom Products

1-8. Professional, Training, and Standards Organizations

Pierce Manufacturing Inc.

1-9. Safety Defect Reporting

1-10. Keeping Your Knowledge Refreshed and Up-to-Date

2-1. Create a Pump Chart

2-2. Check Adjustment of Intake Relief Valve

Figure 2-1: Typical Intake Relief Valve

Secure unattended hoses.

3-1. Description of Pierce Ultimate Configuration (PUC) Pump

3-2. General Operation

3-2.2 Operating The Engine

3-2.3 Cooling The Engine

3-2.4 Suction Strainers

3-2.5 Suction Line

3-2.6 Testing For Air Leaks

3-2.7 Source Of Water Supply

3-2.8 Pumping In Cold Weather

3-2.9 When Finished Pumping

3-2.10 Pumping Salt Water

3-3. Testing Of Equipment For Practice

3-3.1 Measuring Pump Performance

3-3.2 Acceptance Tests

3-4. Effects Of Atmospheric Conditions On Engine And Pump Performance

3-5. Operating Characteristics Of Pumps

4-1. Approaching the Apparatus

4-1.1 Stepping and Walking Surfaces

ALWAYS maintain three points of contact when climbing up or down.

4-1.2 Compartment Doors

NEVER step on open compartment doors.

4-1.3 Hose Bed Covers

CLOSE hose covers after use.

4-1.4 Folding Steps or Platforms

High voltage electricity can travel down a water stream.

Keep OFF the ground when operating an aerial device.

4-2.1 Hose Storage

4-2.2 Hose Restraint

4-2.3 Hose Chutes

To avoid creating a jam of tangled hose in the hose chute: