/*

HC-SR04 Ping distance sensor:

VCC to arduino 5v
GND to arduino GND
Echo to Arduino pin 7
Trig to Arduino pin 8

This sketch originates from Virtualmix: http://goo.gl/kJ8Gl

Has been modified by Winkle ink here:
http://winkleink.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/arduino-hc-sr04-ultrasonic-distance.html
And modified further by ScottC here:
http://arduinobasics.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/arduinobasics-hc-sr04-ultrasonic-
sensor.html
on 10 Nov 2012.
*/

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define echoPin 7 // Echo Pin
#define trigPin 8 // Trigger Pin
#define LEDPin 13 // Onboard LED

int maximumRange = 200; // Maximum range needed

int minimumRange = 0; // Minimum range needed
long duration, distance; // Duration used to calculate distance

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
 lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT); // Use LED indicator (if required)
}

void loop() {
/* The following trigPin/echoPin cycle is used to determine the
distance of the nearest object by bouncing soundwaves off of it. */
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

//Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound.

distance = duration/58.2;

if (distance >= maximumRange || distance <= minimumRange){

/* Send a negative number to computer and Turn LED ON
to indicate "out of range" */
Serial.println("-1");
digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);
}
else {
/* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and
turn LED OFF to indicate successful reading. */
Serial.println(distance);

// print the number of seconds since reset:

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Distancia:");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.print(" cm");
// print the number of seconds since reset:

if(distance<40){
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("alerta");
delay(10);
}
digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);
}

//Delay 50ms before next reading.

delay(50);
}
Imágenes
https://www.google.com.gt/search?
q=lcd+arduino&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvh6LgkorUAhXH6C
YKHR8tA9wQ_AUIBigB&biw=1300&bih=682#tbm=isch&q=lcd+1602a+arduino&im
grc=-UppjySVGWGsMM:

Colocacion LCD

https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=146173.0
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HelloWorld

Sensores
http://wiki.robotica.webs.upv.es/wiki-de-robotica/sensores/sensores-proximidad/
sensor-de-ultrasonidos/

http://arduinobasics.blogspot.com/2012/11/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-sensor.html

Librería
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=402270.0

Tipos de sensores
http://www.superrobotica.com/sensores.htm

SRF08 SENSOR DISTANCIAS POR

ULTRASONIDOS I2C SRF08 S320112
http://www.superrobotica.com/s320112.htm