CLEA ~— a ENGINEERING | MEDICAL | FOUNDATION STATISTICS Arithmetic Mean / or Mean IFX,, X,, X, y+, are n values of variate x, then their A.M. x is defined as = _ Xp tXp+X3t- x= n IFX,, X,, Xy -.-X, are values of veriate with frequencies f,, f,, f,,.. their A.M. is given by £14 xf Xp + fyXq + ft fy +f 4 Properties of Arithmetic Mean : (i) Sum of deviation of variate from their A.M. is always zero thatis E(x; -x) = 0. (ii) Sum of square of deviation of variate from their A.M. is minimum that is © (x, — x) is minimum (iii) If x is mean of variate x, then AM. of (x,+2)= K+ AM. of 4,.%,= 2.x AM. of (ax,+b)=ax +b Median The median of a series is values of middle term of series when the values are written is ascending order or descending order. Therefore median, divide on arranged series in two equal parts For ungrouped dis! ion: Ifn be number of variates in a series then th (=) term, (when n is odd) Median = ny" n\n | Mean of 2 and at? term(when n is even)CLEAR EXA ENGINEERING | MEDICAL | FOUNDATION Mode If a frequency distribution the mode is the value of that variate which have the maximum frequency. Mode for For ungrouped distribution : The value of variate which has maximum frequency. For ungrouped frequency distribution : The value of that variate which have maximum frequency. Relationship between mean, median and mode. In symmetric distribution, mean = mode = median In skew (moderately asymmetrical) distribution, median divides mean and mode internally in 1 : 2 ratio. 2(Mean)+ (Mode) 3 > median = Range difference of extremevalues L-s sumofextremevalues ~ L+S where L = largest value and S = smallest value Mean deviation : A DIx-al Mean deviation = 0 Siilx-Al Mean deviation = 45 (for frequency distribution) N Variance : Standard deviation = + variance formulaCLEA ENGINEERING | MEDICAL | FOUNDATION a= 2d _( Bai n 2 } , where d= x,— a, where a = assumed mean so) (ii) coefficient of S.D. = (2) os o coefficient of variation = (3) x 100 (in percentage) Properties of variance : (i) var(x, + 2) = var(x) (i) var(i.x) = 22varx) (ili) var(a x, + b) = a%(var x,) where A, a, b are constant.