1.

0 INTRODUCTION

The task given was to design and construct any mechanical product that used mechanical
application, electrical or fluid power. There must have mechanical element design to select
any design. The inspiration behind this design came from the festivals, wastage in malls,
canteens of big company often the winter holidays involve large parties where people gather
and consume a lot of canned beverages. Thus, it only makes sense that there should be an
easy way to dispose of cans properly during these large social gatherings.

Recycling is wonderful way to help the environment. One device that will make our life
easier, and recycling haul much more compact, is the can crusher machine. Rostrum, fan
cleaner, book shelve, portable projector’s table and can crusher were selected to produce
mechanical design of the task given.

For selection of mechanical product, the can crusher is chose to do in design project can
crushing machine are available in a number of styles, sizes and speed, with models to suit
everyone from the heavy soda drinker to the recycling centre man. Thus this can crusher was
created, with an user friendly and manually operated mechanism. Can crushers are primarily
used to save space and recycling. Can crusher make it possible to make small stackable piles
that save space. There are many designs that can crushers come in. Some of the designs are
pneumatic, hydraulic, aluminium, and wood.

1
2.0 DESIGN PROBLEM DEFINITION

2.1 MARKET ANALYSIS

2.1.1 GENERAL NEED FOR PRODUCT

A can crusher is a device used for crushing aluminium cans for easier storage in
recycling bins. While most recyclers don’t require you to crush cans, if you do recycle
a lot, your normal bin may fill up quickly. The crusher gives you extra space by
flattening either single or multiple cans [2].

The first can crusher was of course the human foot. People often stomped on cans to
flatten them down either for recycling or for greater space in the garbage can. This
could sometimes hurt if the foot did not come down properly on the can, so
entrepreneurs eagerly sought a variety of alternatives that could be used with the hand
[2].

The basic things a can crusher is functioning to crush the unusable cans. It is
purposely functional for recycle industry and daily life which is to collect the can in
large size. Since the can come in large size, so can crusher was developed which is a
machine for one’s user to use it to make it easy to use and crush the can. Thus, for the
consumers that do recycle can as a business, this will be increase in mean time. The
machine is easy to use at home or residents. Usually resident had collected cans and
crush it at home. But with this machine, the can will crushed by hand easily and no
need to give more energy.

Furthermore, with this type of simple machine design peoples tend to need it rather
buy it from a big company which will cause them enormous value of money. Besides,
it needs a little maintenance to it thus reduces the cost in recycle industry. The
materials to make a can crusher are available to get in any hardware rather than a
finest and expensive material.

2
Figure 2.1.1.1 Can Crusher, Crushed Can

3
2.1.2 DESCRIPTION AND ESTIMATION OF MARKET SIZE

The projects are based on what the product can contribute to the Faculty Mechanical,
UiTM or society. Innovation of refrigerator in the market should help reduce several
problem that ordinary refrigerator have.

Since all of us come from a local. So our main targeted market is around Pasir Gudang,
Johor Bahru. By targeting this area it will help our local in increasing their rates of
income. They can upgrade their recycle business by using our product. With the simplest
and portable machine it make them easier to work and can crush a lot of can nearly same
with the other recycler’s production.

From the surveyor in hardware our estimate cost for producing this can crusher is
Rm537. This business will be run by sharing cost from each of our team partner. Our
market size is calculated based on the total of population in Pasir Gudang citizens.
According to the Department of Statistic Malaysia, the number of population in Pasir
Gudang is approximately 200,000 people. So, we estimated that 10% out 200,000 which
is 20,000 people will buy our can crusher because many people still do not know the
benefit in recycle can.

The community areas in Pasir Gudang may have a lot of demand of this can crusher
machine because some of them still practice recycle their things to save the environment.
But now days, as we can see there are many people love to drink the can drink such
Coke, Pepsi and Nescafe so from that we can target our market in selling to
neighbourhood area too. To ensure that our product will be able to sell in proper rate, we
decided to perform a show on how our product will work at all night market or mall
around the Pasir Gudang. By introducing our product to community we will able to
attract our target for our product. We also plan to promote our product through social
media such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. As we know in these modern area,
social play a big role in our target market. This opportunity can help us to sell our
product efficiently. Our primary targets still stick with the recycler’s production.
Likewise our first priority is to help the community in increasing the relief in recycle can
which also can help them learning in business.

4
Calculation:
Population in Pasir Gudang = 200,000
10% from 200,000 = 20,000

5
2.1.3 COMPETITIVE PRODUCT AND BENCH MARKING

The competitors of the can crusher are other can crusher system that using motor, hand
and foot. Example the most common can crusher, which is crushed the can by using hand
only for each can.

NAME DESCRIPTIONS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

 Sold by: VoxFan,  Great for the  No place to put

LLC. environment the can after
 Product and your crushing.
Dimensions: 12.2 pocketbook to.  Need to use a lot
x 4.1 x 3.4 inche;  Safe and of man power.
3 pounds. reliable,  Easy to break
mounts to any down.
solid surface,
12oz Can Crusher wall or table
etc.
 Recycle
aluminium
soda, pop, and
beer cans by
compressing to
approx.

6
  Sold by: Saving  Crushes cans • No place to put
World. up to 500ml the can after
 Item Weight: 1.1 including beer crushing.
Kg. cans. • Need to use a
 Product  Wall fixing lot of man
Dimensions: 32.4 screws power.
x 10.4 x 8 cm. included free. • Easy to break
 Soft foam down.
comfortable
handle.
16oz Can Crusher
 Complete with
bottle opener.

 Sold by: Basic  Make the • No place to

Industries recycling process put the can
International. more efficient
after
 Product with The
crushing.
Dimensions: 3 x Aluminium Can
4.4 x 16.8 Crusher.
• Need to use a
inches; 1 pound.  Instantly crushes lot of man
all 12- and 16- power.
ounce cans to • Easy to
about 1 inch, so
breakdown.
space is saved
when storing and
transporting
them.
 Sturdy all-steel
construction is

7
The Crusher Aluminium Can durable, with an
Compactor easy-to-grab
handle that makes
it easy to operate.
 Simply hold the
crusher's handle
and pull it down
to crush a can.
 Easy to hang on
the wall and
measures
approximately 16
inches long.

 Sold by: Hold  Crushes 10 cans • No place to

N Storage. in 10 seconds. put the can
 Product  Holds 6 cans after
Dimensions: with only 2 crushing.
23.3 x 16 x moving parts.
• Need to use
18.9 inches; 1  Automatic
a lot of man
pound. chamber entry &
power.
ejection.
Can Ram - Aluminium Can  Rust-proof, high-
• Easy to

Crusher tech nylon. break

down.
Figure 2.1.3.1 Existing Product in Markets

8
 BENCHMAKING PRODUCT (DATUM)

This product is choosing as the datum for this project. This kind of concept has been used as
a selected portable can crusher machine.

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

 Unique.  Low efficiency.

 Contain place to put the can after  Low productivity.
crushing.
 Easy to use.

9
 Normal cans crusher weight.

2.1.4 OPPORTUNITY FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

These are several strength that have been identified with the use of these can crasher. The
product is a safety for all user especially the children. More grid to crash the can

ADVANTAGES DESCRIPTION
Easy to handle Our product is simple and not
complicate. This product will save our
time and energy also can increase rate
of production. This is because we use
the good material of gear which can
perform very well during the process.
User friendly This machine is easy to use. Nowadays,
there are a lot of machines that easy to
use and automatically but it expensive.
So we design this machine which is
easy to use and inexpensive because it is
manual machine. Then by using our
product this will help customer to
increase their production in recycle to
crush the can at home.

10
Durability Most of material that is used in product
which made up from steel and wood, so
those have greater toughness and longer
life than other material. The steel is
stronger to crush the can. This will
allow our product to function very well.
Design A design that is unique and simple at the
same time easy to customer to use it.
Besides that, we also designed and built
our product in the most compact
condition. This will allow our product to
be more portable compare to other can
crusher products. This product will help
customer to use this can crusher at their
home or their own company rather to
send the cans to the nearby recycle
place and ensure that the machine
design to be user-friendly by producing
safest design compare to other product
in the market.

11
PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The preliminary design phase may also be known as conceptual design or architectural
design. During this phase, the high-level design concept is creates, which will implement the
complex electronics requirements.

The objective of the design phases (preliminary and detailed) is to create a design that will
correctly and completely implement the requirements. For the preliminary phase, the main
goal is to map out how the complex electronics will perform the functions specified in the
requirements, within the constraints of the device, the defined interfaces, and the environment
the device will operate within. The table below shows all the task and description can crusher
preliminary design:

SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Theres none government agencies, societes or regulation board that control the market
in which this product is to be launched. Therefore it is easier for us to design this product and
launch it to the public at any time without any cost charged by the government agencies.
Although this task may seem to be easy but there are some other suppliers of this can crusher
machine in many varieties of design.

12
 Our design consists of the usual mechanism of a manual can crusher machine. The
only part that different in our product that is our design use chain and gear to transmit the
power to the can crusher and it have a manual and automatic properties. Unlike the other can
crusher that use large external force to crush the can, our can crusher will only have use small
external force that required to rotate the handle. Therefore, this is an advantage of our design

In our design of the can crusher, most of the parts pf our design are custom made. There are
parts that can easily obtain easily if its broken such as the wires and the chain. These two
parts are the only parts that needed to be care in our design.

MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION

Our design consists of two gears and two chain to move the piston forward and backward,
this design have mechanical properties. Overall it is all custom made. The only parts that we
obtained from the ready market are the chain, gear, screw and nuts.

Process required in the making of our design including drilling to make hole for screw and
nuts,welding to joints two parts of steel together ,and maybe some bending of sheet metal .

13
FUNCTION STRUCTURES

Can

Can is arranged on a can platform

Rotate the handle

The first row of gear will rotate

The chain that connected to the gear will transmit the

Force to the second row of gear

The piston will move forward and backward

14
The piston will crush can,and

make it enter the small hole at the back of

platform and fall to the box.

New can will take place at the platform

When the piston move backward

Figure 11 Structure of Can Crusher

2.2 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT

2.2.1 PUGH CHART

15
 Figure 17 Pugh Chart

2.3 FINAL PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

Task Descriptions

16
 Product - User friendly can crusher
identification - This can crusher is easy to handle at home.
- Using piston as a main component to crush the can
- Efficient to medium product
- Medium size
Special - Use manual operating system and inexpensive
features - Does not using electrical consume or power sources
Key - Can control the temperature to prevent of freeze the product and
performance thermoelectric
target - Use voltage regulators are an electrical device that maintains the
voltage of a power source within acceptable limits
Service - Up to 100% humidity
environment - Outdoor environment
Key project - 2 month to finalize design
deadlines - Target to sell the product to all Malaysian especially residents
Physical  Material:
description  Body, Components: Steel
 Basket :Aluminium

- Weight target: 9.287kg

Market - The target market for this product will be for residents user
Identification - Competing products:
 Product fridge that use basic component which are compressor,
condenser, evaporator and expansion valve

Financial - Pricing policy over life cycle:

requirement  Target manufacturing cost: RM 370
 Estimated retail price : RM 500

- Warranty Policy: 1 month

- Useful life 3 years and beyond

Life cycle - Maintenance schedule:
targets  No maintenance required.

3.0 CONCEPT GENERATION AND SELECTION

3.1 THE FEASIBLE DESIGN CONCEPT
3.1.1 MORPHOLOGICAL CHART

17
The chart that are selected for this product design is:

18
Paramete Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
r
Crusher Steel Aluminium Cement Wood
material

Power Electric External Hydraulic Pneumatic

source motor force/human
force

Power Gear Belt Chain Gear +

transmissi chain/belt
on

How 1 units 2 units 3 units 4 unit Or

many can more
that can
be support
on
platform
Amount High Low Medium
of force
that need
to crush
the can
Human Tread Push Rotate Pull
power be
transmit

Manual Manual Automatic Semi –auto

or
automatic
19
 Figure 4 Main Requirement for Can Crusher

PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

Our team have 5 design of can crusher machine .They are,

1) Model 1

20
 Figure 6 MODEL 1

Basic function:
a) The can crush by the piston
b) The handle will rotate and will make the gear rotate
c) The gear will transmit the power to the piston and make it move forward and
backward

Key feature:

a) Low maintanence cost

b) Easy to handle
c) Effective machine
d) Save time
e) No operation training required
f) Low human power required

21
2) Model 2

Figure 7 MODEL 2

Basic function:
a) Use motor to drive the belt .
b) Belt will transmit the rotation from the motor to the power screw.
c) Power screw will move downward and upward and crush the can while moving
downward.

Key feature:

a) High maintanence
b) Use electric sources to operate
c) Automatic can crusher
d) High cost
e) Operation training required

22
3) Model 3

Figure 8 MODEL 3

Basic function:

a) The can place at the platform

b) Can will place in laying down position
c) Foot will tread at the paddle and push it down to crush the can

Key feature:

a) Portable
b) Can support one can only in one operation
c) Low cost
d) Low maintanence

23
4) Model 4

Figure 9 MODEL 4

Basic function:
a) Similar as model 4 (refer to the figure 4)
b) The can is place upright at the platform
c) The handle will push down and crush the can

Key feature:

a) Low maintanence
b) Portable
c) Use large external force to crush the can

24
5) Model 5 (AS BENCHMARK OF OUR PROJECT)

Figure 10 MODEL 5

Basic function:

a) Can will place at the platform

b) The handle will be push downward and the crusher will move forward and crush
the can
c) Use human force to push the handle down

Key feature :

a) Portable
b) Low maintainence
c) Use large external force to crush the can
d) Crush two can in one operation

3.2 SELECTION OF FINAL CONCEPT

25
 Types Function
This part functions mainly as a support and a
platform for the can to be crush. This will be a
place for shaft, crusher and collector. It will hold
both of the horizontal and the vertical parts. The
horizontal and the vertical parts will both be
screwed together with this part.

Figure 13 Body

The part consists of mainly the screw holes and

the frame itself. The purpose is to crush the can
horizontally and placed the crushed can into the
bucket. The piston will push the inserted can
manually by human force. The screw holes will
hold the screws to tighten the crusher with the
main body.
Figure 14 Crusher

Part Specification

26
Body 800mm x 400mm

Basket 350mm x 400mm x 150mm

Handle Diameter = 10mm, Length =90mm

Pillow Diameter = 20mm

Block

Plate Length = 130mm

Piston Diameter = 80mm, Length = 85mm

Rod Length = 225mm

Cylinder 20mm x 20mm x 130mm

Support

27
Cylinder Diameter = 80mm, Length = 335mm

Can 140mm x 400mm x 350mm

collector

Shortshaft Diameter = 20mm, Length = 150mm

Small shaft Diameter = 10mm, Length = 120mm

Shaft Diameter = 20mm, Length = 500mm

Chain Stainless steel

Large Gear Diameter = 150mm,

28
Small Gear Diameter = 90mm

Bolt Diameter = 8mm

Nut Diameter = 8mm

4.0 EMBODIMENT DESIGN

29
4.1 FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT

Figure 4.1.1 Final Design Concept

The MechCan Crusher is designed to operate manually. Firstly, the can flow down into the
cylinder. Then, apply force to the handle and it will transmit by the shaft. The bearing in the
pillow block help the shaft to rotate smoothly. The given force will drive small sprocket to
driven the large sprocket. The large sprocket will help the chain to function and moves the
crank shaft. Finally, the piston crushes the can completely. After that, the crushed can fall
down into the basket.

30
 Figure 4.1.2 The Structure of Can Crusher

Among all of the options that we have discussed and considered, we have chosen this
option as the final product design because of a few important factors:

a) Low maintanence cost

 Contributed by the easily available parts and the simple arrangement, this
design also has relatively low cost in maintenance as compared to other
choices which may need costly maintenance.

b) Easy to handle
 Due to operate manually of the can crusher design, the process to crush the can
is not complicated as the other option where the others are not user –friendly.

31
c) Effective machine or user friendly
 This product is easy to use and and safety
 Save energy to crushe the can

d) Save time
 The can crusher has its can collector, thus can will put inside the collector.
 There no need to put one by one of the can to be crush.

e) No operation training required

 No need to use any trained or suitable person who want to crush the can.

f) Low human power required

32
4.2 PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE

- Product architecture is about arrangement of physical elements Modularity.

4.2.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CAN CRUSHER

Figure 4.2.1.1
Schematic
Diagram Of Can
Crusher

4.2.2
TWO -

DIMENSIONATIONAL SKETCH OF WHOLE COMPONENTS

33
Figure 4.2.2.1 Front View

Figure 4.2.2.2 Right View

34
 Figure 4.2.2.3 Top View

4.3 CONFIGURATION DESIGN

Parts to purchase

Part Name Description

Purchase

 A roller chain that transfers

power from the small gear to
the big gear.
 It is made up from stainless
steel.

Figure 4.3.1 Chain

  Locked to the shafts of the

driver and driven in the can
crusher.

35
Figure 4.3.2 Small Sprocket

 Locked to the shafts of the

driver and driven in the can
crusher.

Figure 4.3.3 Large Sprocket

 To use as the main body of

can crusher.

Figure 4.3.4 Steel

 To use as the can collector

and basket.

36
Figure 4.3.5 Sheet Metal

 To use as the rod.

Figure 4.3.6 Steel

 To smooth the rotation of

shaft.

Figure 4.3.7 Pillow Block

37
  To cover the top cylinder.
 To cover the top crusher.
 To use as a rod.
 To use as a handle.
Figure 4.3.8 Steel Plate

 Use as shaft to transmit the

power.

Figure 4.3.9 Stainless Steel Hollow Pipe

Parts To Fabricate

Component Description

 Crank shaft is fabricated by steel

plate.
 To push and pull the piston.

38
Figure 4.3.10 Crank Shaft

 The handle is fabricated from steel

plate to apply the force.

Figure 4.3.11 The Handle

 The cylinder is fabricated by steel

pipe.
 To enter the can into the cylinder so
that the piston crush the can.

Figure 4.3.12 The Cylinder

 The main body is fabricated by

galvanized steel.
 To support the whole components of
the can crusher.

Figure 4.3.13 Main Body

39
  The basket is fabricated by sheet metal.
 To collect the crushed can so that it
will not mess around.

Figure 4.3.14 Basket

 The cylinder support is fabricated by

steel.
 To support the cylinder so that the
vibration can be reduced.

Figure 4.3.15 Cylinder Support

4.4 STANDARD PART SELECTION

Standard part selection is the part which are purchased and used directly for this product
without fabricate its design such as:
1. Hexagon bolt (M8 x 1.25 x 65)
2. Hexagon bolt (M8 x 1.25 x 70)
3. Hexagon nut (M8 x 1.25)

NO NAME PICTURE SPECIFICATION FUNCTION

.

40
 1. Hexagon
bolt -To join the
Diameter= 8 mm pillow block at
Pitch =1.25 mm the main body
Length=65 mm so that it will
support the
2. Hexagon shaft to rotate
bolt Diameter= 8 mm -To join the
Pitch =1.25 mm cylinder
Length=70 mm support with
the main body.

3. Hexagon -The joint is

nut Diameter= 8 mm tight enough to

Pitch =1.25 mm make sure

there is no
vibration
during the
process
-To tighten the
plate on the
sprocket so
that shaft can
fix to the hole.

Figure 4.4.1 Standard Part Selection

4.5 PARAMETRIC DESIGN FOR CUSTOM PART

41
 Figure 4.5.1 Basket

This is fabricated part where it is cut into desired size. It is made from sheet metal where the
thickness is 2mm. It is suitable to use because it can reduce the weight of the product. It is
also easy to fabricate because zinc is not thick as steel. This part is used as the basket after the
can was crushed.

Figure 4.5.2: Body

This part functions mainly as a support and a platform for the can to be crush. This will be a
place for shaft, crusher and collector. It will hold both of the horizontal and the vertical parts.
The horizontal and the vertical parts will both be screwed together with this part.

42
 Figure 4.5.3 Can Collector

This part is made from sheet metal. Using another material will increase the weight of the
product if can was insert to the collector. The support of the collector is made from wood
where is cut into small pieces. Sheet metal is cut into 3 parts and was combined together by
using rivet after the cutting process is done.

Figure 4.5.4 Cylinder

This cylinder is made from stainless steel in order to make sure that the cylinder is not rust
and affect the piston movement. This part is fabricated by using grinder to get the desired
shape and size. Can will put in the cylinder and crush by the piston.

43
 Figure 4.5.5 Cylinder Support

Made from steel to support the cylinder. Steel can give a better support compare to plastic,
wood or sheet metal. This part is welded together with cylinder and tightens with the body by
using bolt and nut.

Figure 4.5.6 Handel and Plate

Material used for the handle is from stainless steel where the plate from the steel. Purpose of
using steel for this part is because it will weld together with shaft. By using grinder, this part
was cut into suitable size to be used.

44
 Figure 4.5.7 Shaft

This part is made from stainless steel in the form of hollow pipe. The thickness of the pipes is
compatible to be used as a shaft and can be weld also. The pipes are cut into 3 pieces where 1
piece is cut for 500mm and for the other is 150mm. These 2 pieces is used for crankshaft
together with plate.

Figure 4.5.8 Rod

This part is fabricated where is cut into suitable length. The thickness of this part is 5mm and
made from steel. It will used to move the piston in the cylinder and connected to the
crankshaft. Milling machine was used to make the holes on the rod.

45
 Figure 4.5.9 Piston

The desired size of the piston is difficult to find and expensive to order for custom made. A
material for the piston is stainless steel pipe, steel plate and aluminium. The pipe is cut for
85mm and weld together with steel plate at the front. After the welding process, it will
undergo lathe process which is to shape the plate in form of circle with desired diameter.
Aluminium will be put into the pipe to make sure the weight of piston is compatible

46
5.0 DETAIL DESIGN
5.1 ENGINEERING DRAWING SET

Figure 5.1.1 Front View

Figure 5.1.2 Top View

47
 Figure 5.1.3 Right View

Figure 5.1.4 Assembly Drawing

48
Figure 5.1.5 Isometric View

49
5.2 SELECTION OF PART

FABRICATED PURCHASED
Body Pillow block
Basket Chain
Handle Gear
Plate Hexagon bolt
Piston Hexagon nut
Rod
Cylinder support
Cylinder
Can collector
Short shaft
Small shaft
Shaft

50
5.3 BILL OF MATERIAL AND COSTING
5.3.1 BILL OF MATERIAL IN DRAWING

51
5.3.2 PROPOSE COST ESTIMATION

The cost estimate spreadsheet was developed to provide capital costs, annual
operations and maintenance costs, and expected lifecycle for specific elements used in
the making of ‘Can Crusher’. These costs will be utilized for the Final Year Project
(FYP) based benefit-cost assessment, as well as for strategic development plan project
cost reporting. A cost estimation table is presented on below:

NO. COMPONENTS MATERIAL QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

PER UNIT COST
(RM) (RM)
1. Body Galvanised 1 40.00 40.00
steel
2. Basket Sheet metal 1
3. Can collector Sheet metal 1 12.50 12.50

4. Pillow block Stainless 4 35.00 140.00

steel
5. Plate Steel 3 10.00 30.00
6. Piston (crusher) Aluminium 1 30.00 30.00
7. Rod Steel 1 10.00 10.00
8. Cylinder support Steel 1 10.00 10.00
9. Cylinder Stainless 1 10.00 10.00
steel
10. Shaft Stainless 4 feet 5.00 20.00
steel
11. Chain Stainless 1
steel 35.00 35.00
12. Gear Stainless 1
steel
13. Adjustable Steel 1 10.00 10.00
14. Hexagon bolt Stainless 8 1.00 8.00
M8 x 1.25 x 65 steel

52
 15. Hexagon bolt Stainless 2 1.00 2.00
M8 x 1.25 x 70 steel
16. Hexagon nut Stainless 10 0.80 8.00
M8 x 1.25 steel

TOTAL 365.50
Table 18: Estimation Cost

53
6.0 PROTOTYPING, TESTING AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPING

This process is to cut the shaft into compatible size. To cut the shaft, we were using grinder
which one of the group members will take the responsibility after instruction was given by
Assistant Engineer. After cutting process was done, the shaft will be weld together with the
gear at welding workshop. With the help of Assistant Engineer, the process of welding was
succeed.

54
Fabrication process for the body part is by using grinder. For this part, we choose hollow
square steel which is suitable to be weld using Metal Inert Gases (MIG). The part is cut into 8
pieces according to their sizes.

55
This is the process to fabricate a piston. We decided to fabricate our own piston because the
desired size of the piston is difficult to find and expensive to order for custom made. Material
for the piston is stainless steel pipe, steel plate and aluminium. The pipe is cut for 85mm and
weld together with steel plate at the front. After the welding process, it will undergoes lathe
process which is to shape the plate in form of circle with desired diameter. Aluminium will
be put into the pipe to make sure the weight of piston is compatible.

56
Lathe process is to reduce the diameter of the shaft in order to match with pillow block. Shaft
diameter is 19mm where the pillow block diameter is 18mm. Pillow block is not a fabricated
part that cost us to custom made the shaft.

57
 This process is to fabricate the basket. Material for this part is sheet metal. Sheet metal was
chose in order to reduce the weight of the product. Besides that, this material is not expensive
as steel and easy to cut by using cutter. We were using rivet to combined all the parts that is
cut. We also using the same process to fabricate the can collector.

Calculation for Shaft.

Fb Fd

350mm 50mm 58
50mm

Ma = 0
(714)(0.05) - (Fb)(0.4) + (200)(0.45)=0
 200N 714N
Fy = 0
-200 + 314.25 – 714 + Fb = 0
Fb = 599.75N

Tb = Fd
= (314.25)(0.02)
= 6.288N.m

Td = Fd
= (599.75)(0.02)
= 11.995 N.m --------------- the maximum torque

F (N)

114.25N
SFD
Fa = 200N
Fb = - 200 + 314.25
= 114.25N
m Fc = 114.25 + 714
= - 599. 75
Fd = - 599.75 + 599.75
= 0N
200N
599.75N

M (N.m)
6.2 Testing of Design: Mathematical Models and Prototype

BMD 59

Mab = -200 (0.05)

= -10 N.m
m
 = 29.99 N.m
Mcd = 29.99 – 599.75 (0.05)
29.99N.m
= 0 N.m

Sy/n = 32/πD³ [M² + T²] ^ (1/2)

9.55M/2.4 = 32/π (0.02)³ [M² + (11.995)²] ^ (1/2)
M = 7.8 k N.m

Calculation for chain.

Torque on lever shaft: 11.995 N.m 60

Speed of the driver sprocket, N1= 250rpm
Z1= teeth on driver sprocket= 19 teeth
Z2= teeth on driven sprocket= 43 teeth
Diameter of piston = 75mm
Mass of reciprocating part= 2.18 kg
N = 4.17 rps
Hence N=250 rpm
Let x= clearance = 5 mm
Assume pressure on the piston , p = 1 Nlmm2
ω= 2 x π x N/60
= 2 x π 250/60
=26.18 rad/sec

r= 37.5 mm = 0.0375m
l= 85 mm = 0.085m
D= 75mm

1. NET LOAD ON PIN

Load on piston = (π/4 x D²x P²)

= (π/4 x 75² x 0.1²)
Fl = 44.18 N

By measurement we get
Θ=36o
Ratio of length of connecting rod and piston
n = l / r= 85/37.5
= 2.27
Inertia force on reciprocating parts, Fi
Fi = mass x acceleration
= Mr x ω² x r x (cos (θ) + cos (2θ)/n)
= 2.18 x 26.18² x 0.037 (cos (36) + cos (72)/2.27)
= 38.05N
Now load on pin,
Fp = Fl-Fi = 44.18 – 38.05
= 6.13 N

Trust in connecting rod

Let Φ = Angle of inclination of connecting rod to the line of stroke

Sin Φ = sin θ/n
= sin 36/ 2.27

Hence θ = 0.259

Fq = Fp / cos Φ
= 6.13 / cos (0.259)
= 6.13 N

Reaction between piston and cylinder

Fn = Fp x tan Φ
= 6.13 x tan (14.17)
= 1.55 N

61
 6.3 CONCLUSION ON DESIGNED PRODUCT

In a nutshell, we already knew how to adapt with the design product

process and we have succeeded to complete the task given, even though we have
been through many obstacles in designing our product. There are some weakness
that branch market we have been overcome and there are some strength that we
have gain in our product, ‘no pain no gain’

in designing our product we focus on product that eco-friendly, easy to use and also
the product that based on customer desire. in order to deciding our main product we
have use morphological chart, Gant chart ,brainstorming and the other method that
we have learned at design 2 subject, from this we can know what the best solution in
designing process.

The product, can crusher, uses as to crash the useless can for easy to recycle. we
also apply mechanical system on our product such as the power transmission we
use gear and chain to transmit power ,the Plummer block that have bearing inside to
give a rotational movement for the shaft, and also the piston ,the calculation in order
to get the right information regarding to our design also have been made.

but there are some difficult in our designing process , we face problem to find the
material to build the can crusher, change in product design , and also the modal to
build up the product, but, with the advice from the supervisor ,Mr. Ahmad Hilmi Bin
Khalid ,our friend, we have success solved our problem.

We hope our product will become one the product that famous in mechanical
industry and mechanical education as the reference.

62
6.4 FUTURE WORK

In future our product will gain some improvement, we predict there were some
adjustment or improvement based on the survey and customer feedback, it will satisfy
customer desire and also will raise our product market .with this improvement more
weakness will overcome and also gain some strength
firstly, our team will add sensor as a stopper at bottom of the can collector. so , cans
from the cans collector will not collide with the can that have been enter the can crusher
cylinder .
secondly, we also will provide tyre at future to easy the customer to adjust the
position of can crusher based on the customer need. it will also ease the customer to
move the can crusher
thirdly, our product will add motor as the prime mover so there are no human force
require, motor will transmit the power via gear and using gear and belt or chain as
power transmission, so , it will become automatic can crusher and last we also will use
the foldable leg ,so it will save space and also easy to care.

63
 Future works Sketch for future work Advantage

-Motor  Automatic can

crusher
 Motor acts as prime
mover, does not
need force to rotate
the handle

Can Crusher using Motor

-Tyre - Easy to move

- Easy to change position

Body with tyres

Sensor as stopper - There are no collision between

can being crush and the can at
can collector

Can Collector with Stopper

Foldable leg  Save space

64
 Body with Foldable Leg

Figure 6.4.1: Future Works to Improve Product

7.0 REFLECTION ON THE DESIGN PROCESS

65
 7.1 Strength and Weakness
In order to making our product success there are some strength and also weakness in
our product design .we have through many good and bad situation but we have to
overcome and avoid all the bad situation in order make the project success.
A specific design method at some point appeared not to be as successful as expected
and needed some changes in order to be useful for the project. For example, the
morphological chart is normally used to find basic solutions for technical problems.
When used for other, less technical problems (for instance for the inventory of sub
solutions for a specific idea), the morphological chart is useful but not in the way as
intended. we might miss the profit of this method. In order to understand the method it
is therefore useful to reflect after using it by asking questions such as: How did we use
the method, what is the difference with the original idea of the method, did it work and
can it be done again under the same conditions?
A specific design approach does not produce satisfactory results. For example, you
start to draw design solutions for an initial problem, but cannot think of more than three
solutions. Design methods such as brainstorming can be helpful. However, methods are
often used the wrong way and may thus lead to inappropriate or dissatisfactory
solutions. The solutions are rejected and the method used is blamed wrongly as ‘not
useful’.
For this product, a lot of ideas are generated and gathering more information while
running out of time. This might be due to the inability to make decisions. In the section
‘Traps’ this is called the trap of ‘postponing decisions’. Reflection on your personal
behaviour can help to gain insight in order to develop strategies to replace your
unsuccessful behaviour by successful behaviour

8.0 REFERENCES

66
 [3] Borgo. S.; Behavior of a Technical Artifact: An Ontological Perspective in
Engineering. Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR, Italy.

[4]Corben, H.C.; Philip Stehle (1994). Classical Mechanics. New York: Dover
Publications.

[1] Fetter and J. Walecka. (1980). Theoretical Mechanics of Particles and Continua. New
York: McGraw-Hill.

[2] http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm#didyouknowout

[3]http://umpir.ump.edu.my/2199/1/EDDY_AHMADI_AZIZI_B_SUKIMIN.PDF

[5] www.enviro-pak.net/products/General-Waste-Compactors/Model-CG10-Can-Crusher

9.0 APPENDICES

67
A.1 ANY FIGURES, TABLES, STANDARDS AND ETC. WHICH RELATED TO

PROJECT.

Figure 22 Benchmarking Design

68
Figure 23 Design 1

69
Figure 24 Design 2

70
Figure 25 Design 3

71
 Figure 26 Design 4

A.2 GANTS CHART (PLANNING VS CURRENT PROGRESS)

72
 FIGURE 5 Gantt Chart

A.3 MEETING REPORT (REPORT ALL-ORIGINAL VERSION)

73
74
75
76
77
 A.4 PROPOSE COST ESTIMATION

The cost estimate spread sheet was developed to provide capital costs, annual
operations and maintenance costs, and expected lifecycle for specific elements used in the
making of “Can Crusher” as they are being combined to form an expedient project. These
costs will be utilized for the Final Year Project (FYP) based benefit-cost assessment, as well
as for strategic deployment plan project cost reporting. A simple example of cost estimation
table is presented below:

NO.
COMPONENT MATERIALSPECIFICATION QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL
PER COST
UNIT (RM)
(RM)
1 Gear Steel 2 unit 50.00 100.00
2 Shaft Steel 2 unit 10.00 20.00
3 Chain Steel 2 unit
4 Piston Aluminium and cement 1 unit 5.00 5.00
5 Wood Wood 4 unit 20.00 80.00
6 Steel Steel 7 unit 30.00 210.00
7 Platform Aluminium 1 unit 30.00 30.00
8 Nut Steel 10 unit 1.50 15.00
9 Bolt Steel 10 unit 1.50 15.00
10 Nail Steel 10 unit 2.00 20.00
11 Box Sheet metal 1 unit 10.00 10.00
12 Glue Glue 1 unit 2.00 2.00
TOTAL

Figure 18: Estimation Cost

78
 A.5 TEAM MEMBER BIOGRAPHY AND ROLES

TAWAB
AMIRAH
NABIHAH

SYAZWANI AZMAN

FIGURE 19: Team Members

79
Figure 20: Team Members

80
RESPONSIBILITIES

NAME MATRIX ROLES

NUMBER
NUR SYAZWANI BINTI ASLANI 2012772665 TEAM LEADER
AMIRAH BINTI ISHAK LATFI 2012364501 SECRETARY
NUR NABIHAH BINTI MOHD 2012988593 TREASURER,
RUZMI RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
MOHD TAWAB BIN SHAFIE 2012491916 DESIGNER
AZMAN BIN HAMIDUN 2012118753 TECHNICIAN

Figure 21: Team Members

81
TEAM MEMBERS BIOGRAPHY AND ROLES

POSITION DESIGNER
NAME MOHD TAWAB BIN SHAFIE
IDENTIFICATION CARD 940921-
MATRIX NUMBER 2012491916
ADDRESS NO 126, JALAN TAMAN PANGLIMA 8,
TAMAN PANGLIMA, ASSAM KUMBANG,
34000 TAIPING,
PERAK.
EMAIL ADDRESS
TELEPHONE NUMBER 017-4182456
AGE 21
DATE OF BIRTH 21 SEPTEMBER 1994
MARITAL STATUS SINGLE

82
POSITION SECRETARY
NAME AMIRAH BINTI ISHAK LATFI
IDENTIFICATION CARD 940216-115668
MATRIX NUMBER 2012364501
ADDRESS 1726F JALAN PANJI ALAM,
21100 KUALA TERENGGANU,
TERENGGANU.
EMAIL ADDRESS amirah_ail162@yahoo.com.my
TELEPHONE NUMBER 017-9989787
AGE 21
DATE OF BIRTH 6 FEBRUARY 1994
MARITAL STATUS SINGLE

83
POSITION TEAM LEADER
NAME NUR SYAZWANI BINTI ASLANI
IDENTIFICATION CARD 940814-
MATRIX NUMBER 2012772665
ADDRESS NO. 4, LORONG 2, TAMAN TELUK VILLA,
88700 PUTATAN, KOTA KINABALU,
SABAH.
EMAIL ADDRESS
TELEPHONE NUMBER 013-7821174
AGE 21
DATE OF BIRTH 14 AUGUST 1994
MARITAL STATUS SINGLE

POSITION TECHNICIAN
NAME AZMAN BIN HAMIDUN

84
IDENTIFICATION CARD
MATRIX NUMBER
ADDRESS NO 126, JALAN TAMAN PANGLIMA 8,
TAMAN PANGLIMA, ASSAM KUMBANG,
34000 TAIPING,
PERAK.
EMAIL ADDRESS azmanman@yahoo.com
TELEPHONE NUMBER 0172680039
AGE 21
DATE OF BIRTH 17 AUGUST 1994
MARITAL STATUS SINGLE

85
POSITION TREASURER, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
NAME NUR NABIHAH BINTI MOHD RUZMI
IDENTIFICATION CARD 940806-01-5050
MATRIX NUMBER 2012988593
ADDRESS LORONG MEKAR 3,PTD 3618 TAMAN MEKAR,
PEKAN KAYU ARA PASONG.
82010 PONTIAN
JOHOR.
EMAIL ADDRESS nabihahruzmi@yahoo.com
TELEPHONE NUMBER 013-7235521
AGE 21
DATE OF BIRTH 06 AUGUST1994
MARITAL STATUS SINGLE

86