Auto-Reclosure Synchro-Check & Voltage Check

Topic:
REL316*4
Technology and Solutions Auto- Reclosure;
Protection and Substation Automation
Synchro- Check &
Voltage Check
BASICS
RE.316_ AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1
ABB
REL316*4 Auto Reclosure; Synchro- & Voltage Check
Objectives
Auto Reclosure (79)
Rules / Facts
Important Settings
Supervision of the breaker (CB memory)
the four AR cycles
Function of the operating time
Examples
Substations with single busbar or multiple busbar
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
1 1/2 breaker scheme

Maser / Follower scheme

Line Protection Interfaces
ABB
REL316*4 Auto Reclosure; Synchro- & Voltage Check
Objectives
Synchro Check (25) & Voltage Check (27/59)
Auto Reclosure interfaces
3-pole tripping with 3-pole AR
1-pole tripping with 1-pole AR
Operating Modes
Synchronism Monitoring
Application Example
Voltage Selection
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 Auto Reclosure (79)
Application Load
SYSTEM
TRIP LP TRIP LP
SYSTEM
AR Close CB AR Close CB
SYSTEM
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
SYSTEM
Load
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Rules / Facts
On several auto-reclosing cycle, only the first cycle can

be single pole tripping with fast auto-reclosing
Following auto-reclosing cycles must be three phase
tripping and reclosing
The line protection must provide single phase trip for
the first fault, following faults must be tripped three
phase
The closing command always goes to all three phases
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
No synchro check is needed for fast single phase

reclosing (Sychro-check by-pass)
The system will not loose synchronity: 3 of 4 conductors (2 phases and
ground) are still in service
During the pause time the line still transmits more than 50% of the maximum
power
If AR is not ready for a single cycle, the tripping circuit

must be prepared or switched to 3-phase tripping
Reasons for AR not ready:
- AR blocked or switched off
- AR blocked with t inhibit after reclosing (CB recovery time)
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
- Fast AR dead time expired

- No 1- pole AR permitted
ABB
During the 1-pole dead time (one pole from the breaker is
open) all other functions who react on unsymmetry and
have a shorter tripping time then t-dead-1P-setting must
be blocked
Example:
- Directional earth fault with tripping scheme POTT
- Pole discrepancy protection
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Important Settings
1-pole dead time One pole opens and closes after t-dead -1P
(t dead 1P) Typical dead time: 0.3 – 0.5 s in high voltage
systems
3-pole dead time All 3 pole open and close after t-dead-3P
(t dead 3P) Typical dead time: 0.5 s – sev. minutes
Operating time Prevents an AR for a long during fault
(t oper) (eg. in the 2nd zone)
Discrimination time Decision about 1-pole AR, 3 pole AR or
(t discrim.1P, definitive trip after evolving fault
t discrim.3P)
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Blocking time Prolongation of the AR blocking after a manual

(t AR Block) close command or after close command from

the control system
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Important Settings
Inhibit time Blocking of the AR for 5 ….. 180 s after an

(t inhibit) unsuccessful AR attempt.t inhibit is also called
recovery time. The breaker needs time to be
ready for a new AR cycle
Close pulse duration Must be long enough to make sure the breaker
(t close) closes properly. The close pulse is reset direct
after an unsuccessful AR attempt.
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Supervision of the breaker (CB memory)
Breaker position: Open circuit breaker blocks the AR device.

(CB open) During a running AR cycle the position of the
breaker is not interrogated. This prevents under
all circumstances an AR for a switched off CB
Close open The breaker is able to switch on to a fault and to
(CO ready) open again. This information is interrogated
direct before re-closing
Open-Close-Open The breaker is able to do a complete AR cycle
(CB ready) This input is not interrogated during a running
AR cycle.
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
If the AR function operates two breakers the supervision signals are

needed from both breakers.
ABB
REL316*4 79 – four AR cycles
Why several AR cycles?
First AR: With the opening of the breaker the voltage which
supplies the arc is switched off ⇒ the arc will extinguish
The dead time is set as short as possible. So the line can
be back in normal service as fast as possible.
Second AR: If the arc is not extinguished with the first AR attempt
(tree, bamboo) a second attempt with a longer dead time
will be started (2nd and 3rd attempt are 3-phase cycles)
Third AR: This attempt is just an automatic voltage check
One side will be switched on. An immediate trip occurs if
the fault is still present. The opposite station will only
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
reclose if the line was successful energized from the own

station (Synchro- & V - Check)

Fourth AR: normally not applied in high voltage systems
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Function of the operating time t-oper
Supervision of the fault duration is important in distance protection
Fault duration < operating time Fault duration > operating time
Example: Trip in zone 1 initates an Example: Trip in a higher zone stops the a
AR cycle fast AR cycle
Starting
Starting
Tripping Tripping
Operating time
Discrimination time
Discrimination time
On pulse
Dead time
Definitive trip
Q0 Ph R t dead 1P
Q0 Ph S
Q0 Ph T
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
t dead 3P Normal setting: t-oper < t2 of distance protection

The operating time prevents AR for faults in higher
Q0 Ph R
zones ⇒ faults outside of the own line.
Q0 Ph S
Q0 Ph T
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Examples
AR Mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole Fault:: 1- phase Fault
Example: - fast AR successful
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 1-pole
Discrimination time
On - pulse
Dead time fast AR 1-pole,
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 Phase R
Q0 Phase S
Q0 Phase T
fast AR 1-pole
ABB
AR Mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault
Example: - fast AR not successful, - slow AR successful
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 1-pole
Discrimination time 1-pole
On-pulse, interrupted with second tripping
Dead time fast AR 1-pole,
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 3-pole
Dead time slow AR

RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 Phase R
Q0 Phase S
Q0 Phase T
LAR
fast AR 1-pole
ABB
AR Mode:fast AR 1 / 3 - pole, followed by a long dead time Fault: 1- phase fault
Example: - fast AR not successful; - slow AR not successful
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 1-pole
On-pulse, interrupted with second tripping
Dead time 1-pole,
Starting 1-phase Starting

Tripping 3-pole Tripping
3-pole
Dead time 3-pole

RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 Phase R
Q0 Phase S
Q0 Phase T
fast AR 1-pole slow AR Definitive tripping
ABB
Mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault
Example: - Evolving fault before expiring of discrimination time
- fast AR not successful, slow AR successful
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 1-pole
Dead time 1-pole,
interrupted with 2nd fault before expiring of 3-pole discrimination time
Starting 1-phase(other phase)
Tripping 3-pole
On-pulse, interrupted with tripping
Dead time
fast AR 3-pole
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 3-pole
Dead time slow AR

RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 Phase R
Q0 Phase S
Q0 Phase T
fast AR 1-pole
interrupted
fast AR 3-pole Slow AR
ABB
AR mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault
Example: - Evolving fault after expiring of discrimination time of fast AR
- Definitive tripping
Starting 1-phase
Tripping 1-pole
Dead time 1-pole,
interrupted with 2ten fault after expiring
of 3-pole discrimination time
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 Phase R
Q0 Phase S
Q0 Phase T
fast AR 1-pole
interrupted
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Substations with single busbar or multiple busbar
Standard - solution
Bus I Main Main

1 2
Bus II
AR
3 3
Trip 1 Close Trip 2
AR “Cheap” - solution
Main Main
Main 1 Main 2 Main 1 Main 2 1 2
AR
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
3
Trip 1 Close Trip 2
ABB
REL316*4 79 - 1 1/2 breaker scheme
Main 1 Main 2 Main 1 Main 2
Bus A
Bus A - CB Q0 A AR AR AR
Center - CB Q0 C AR AR AR AR
“Diameter”
Bus B - CB Q0 B AR AR
All breakers are closed
during normal service
Bus B
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Each CB next to a line

needs an AR function.
ABB
REL316*4 79 - Master / Follower scheme
1 1/2 breaker scheme
The Master re-closes after the set dead time

AR A
Q0 A CB image
M
Line
Q0 C AR C The Follower re-closes only after

CB image successful re-closing of the Master.
In case the master is not ready for an AR-
cycle a signal will be send to the follower.
The follower will now re-close in the set
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
dead time.
ABB
REL316*4 79 – Line Protection Interfaces
RE.316*4
Start RST Start Auto-reclosure
<Z Trip CB Trip CB function
Trip CB 3P Trip CB 3P
CO ready
Close CB
Start SOTF CondBlkAR
CB ready
CB open
1PolAR Trip 3-Pol
ZExtensionAR ZExtension
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
HEST 965 010 C
ABB
REL316*4 25; 27/59 – Auto Reclosure Interfaces
25
27/59
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
the Auto Reclosure is able to send a closing

command if the Permit to close Signal is active
ABB
REL316*4 27/59 – Voltage Check
The Voltage Check is

required to detect if
the Bus / Line is
Live or Dead
!!!
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 27/59 - 3-pole tripping with 3-pole AR
Check of only one phase to phase voltage for the busbar and
the line is enough
Q0
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
V Bus bar VLine
Synchro- & voltage-check
ABB
REL316*4 27/59 - 1-pole tripping with 1-pole AR
On the busbar the check of one phase to phase voltage is enough
On the line the check of all three phase to ground voltage is
recommended
Q0
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Vbus bar vLine
Synchro- & Voltage-check
ABB
REL316*4 25; 27/59 – Operating Modes
Selectable Operating Modes
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
(bus dead AND line dead)
the Permit to close Signal is active, if the Conditions are fulfiled
ABB
REL316*4 25 – Synchro Check
The Synchro Check is required

to detect if in case of a
Live Bus & Live Line
the grid is synchronized or not
!!!
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 25 – Synchronism Monitoring
fBusbar = ωBusbar /2 π
∆V
fLine = ωLine /2 π
∆f = fBusbar - fLine = fSchlupf < 0.10 Hz
VLine VBusbar > 80% Un

VBusbar
VLine > 80% Un

ωBusbar ωLine
∆V < 20% Un
∆ϕ < 15°
∆ϕ
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
SETTINGS
ABB
REL316*4 25 – Application Example
Feeder Connected to a double busbar
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4 25 – Voltage Selection
• Only one phase to phase voltage is used for the

synchro-check
Reasons:
• A three phase measuring is not needed because the
synchro-check is only needed for 3-phase faults
• For 1-phase AR the synchro-check is bypassed
• Phase to ground voltage should not be used. The
natural zero sequence voltage disturbs in the medium
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
voltage system the sychro-check measuring
ABB
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB

Auto-Reclosure Synchro-Check & Voltage Check

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Topic:

 1 1/2 breaker scheme

 Maser / Follower scheme

 On several auto-reclosing cycle, only the first cycle can

 No synchro check is needed for fast single phase

 If AR is not ready for a single cycle, the tripping circuit

- Fast AR dead time expired

Blocking time Prolongation of the AR blocking after a manual

(t AR Block) close command or after close command from

Inhibit time Blocking of the AR for 5 ….. 180 s after an

Breaker position: Open circuit breaker blocks the AR device.

If the AR function operates two breakers the supervision signals are

reclose if the line was successful energized from the own

station (Synchro- & V - Check)

Supervision of the fault duration is important in distance protection

t dead 3P Normal setting: t-oper < t2 of distance protection

Dead time slow AR

Starting 1-phase Starting

Dead time 3-pole

fast AR 1-pole slow AR Definitive tripping

Dead time slow AR

Bus I Main Main

Trip 1 Close Trip 2

Trip 1 Close Trip 2

Main 1 Main 2 Main 1 Main 2

Each CB next to a line

The Master re-closes after the set dead time

Q0 C AR C The Follower re-closes only after

HEST 965 010 C

the Auto Reclosure is able to send a closing

The Voltage Check is

V Bus bar VLine

Synchro- & voltage-check

Vbus bar vLine

Synchro- & Voltage-check

(bus dead AND line dead)

the Permit to close Signal is active, if the Conditions are fulfiled

The Synchro Check is required

VLine VBusbar > 80% Un

VLine > 80% Un

• Only one phase to phase voltage is used for the

voltage system the sychro-check measuring

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1 1/2 breaker scheme

Maser / Follower scheme

On several auto-reclosing cycle, only the first cycle can

No synchro check is needed for fast single phase

If AR is not ready for a single cycle, the tripping circuit