Name: Kyleen Nicole J. Venus Section: 9-St.

Monica Date: February 10, 2022

I. True or False
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.

True1. Iceland consists of volcanoes that formed over a hot spot.

False 2. Volcanoes are scattered randomly across Earth’s surface.

True 3. Many volcanoes occur along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

False4. Volcanoes occur only in oceanic crust.

True5. Chains of volcanoes form above hot spots because of plate tectonics.

True 6. The Hawaiian hot spot is no longer active.

False 7. Hot spots never occur under continental crust.

False 8. The majority of mantle plumes are found under the ocean basins.

True 9. All hot spots are in the middle of tectonic plates.

True 10. The molten rock of a volcano comes from Earth’s core.

II. Critical Reading

Read this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.

Volcanoes at Plate Boundaries

There is a lot of volcanic activity at divergent plate boundaries in the oceans. For example, many
undersea volcanoes are found along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This is a divergent plate boundary
that runs north-south through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. As tectonic plates pull away from
each other at a divergent plate boundary, they create deep fissures, or cracks, in the crust. Molten
rock, called magma, erupts through these cracks onto Earth’s surface. At the surface, the molten
rock is called lava. It cools and hardens, forming rock. Divergent plate boundaries also occur in
continental crust. Volcanoes form at these boundaries, but less often than in ocean crust. That’s
because continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. This makes it more difficult for molten
rock to push up through the crust.

Many volcanoes form along convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate is pulled down
beneath another at a subduction zone. The leading edge of the plate melts as it is pulled into the
mantle, forming magma that erupts as volcanoes. When a line of volcanoes forms along a
subduction zone, they make up a volcanic arc. The edges of the Pacific plate are long subduction
zones lined with volcanoes. This is why the Pacific rim is called the “Pacific Ring of Fire.”

Questions

1. Explain how volcanoes form at divergent plate boundaries.

 Many undersea volcanoes are found along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This is a
divergent plate boundary that runs north-south through the middle of the Atlantic
Ocean. As tectonic plates pull away from each other at a divergent plate
boundary, they create deep fissures, or cracks, in the crust. Molten rock, called
magma, erupts through these cracks onto Earth’s surface. At the surface, the
molten rock is called lava. It cools and hardens, forming rock. Divergent plate
boundaries also occur in continental crust. Volcanoes form at these boundaries,
but less often than in ocean crust. That’s because continental crust is thicker than
oceanic crust. This makes it more difficult for molten rock to push up through the
crust.
2. Why are volcanoes less likely to form at continental than oceanic divergent plate
boundaries?
 Earth’s tectonic plates, which move horizontally with respect to one another at a
rate of a few centimeters per year, form three basic types of boundaries:
convergent, divergent, and side-slipping. Japan and the Aleutian Islands are
located on convergent boundaries where the Pacific Plate is moving beneath the
adjacent continental plates—a process known as subduction. The San Andreas
Fault system in California exemplifies a side-slipping boundary where the Pacific
Plate is moving northwest relative to the North American Plate—a process called
strike-slip, or transform, faulting. The East Pacific Rise is representative of a
divergent boundary where the Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate (west of South
America) are moving apart—a process known as rifting.
3. Explain how volcanoes form at convergent plate boundaries.
 If two tectonic plates collide, they form a convergent plate boundary. Usually, one
of the converging plates will move beneath the other, a process known as
subduction. The new magma (molten rock) rises and may erupt violently to form
volcanoes, often building arcs of islands along the convergent boundary.

III. Locations of Volcanoes

Answer the ACTIVITY NO. 8.2, page 154-157 found on the Science Vistas 9 textbook. It
must be typewritten.
QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the distribution of volcanoes on the surface of the earth.

 Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated
on the edges of continents, along island chains, or beneath the sea forming long mountain
ranges.

2. Are the volcanic zones wide regions or are they narrow?

 A large chunk of Earth's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in a narrow
zone around the Pacific Ocean known as the "Ring of Fire."

3. From your previous lessons about the structure of the earth’s crust, identify the
narrow zones where volcanoes are found.
 There are three main places where volcanoes originate: Hot spots, Divergent plate
boundaries (such as rifts and mid-ocean ridges), and. Convergent plate boundaries
(subduction zones)
4. Based on the plots of the volcanoes, explain why the places around the Pacific Ocean
are known as the Ring of Fire.
 The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific
Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
5. What are the countries around the Pacific Ring of Fire? Name them clockwise from
Philippines.
 The Pacific Ring of Fire stretches across 15 more countries including Indonesia, New
Zealand, Papa New Guinea, Philippines, Japan, United States, Chile, Canada, Guatemala,
Russia and Peru etc.
6. What are the crustal plates involved in the Pacific Ring of Fire?
 It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca,
Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates. Seventy-five
percent of Earth's volcanoes—more than 450 volcanoes—are located along the Ring of
Fire.
7. In which part of the Pacific Ring of Fire does the Philippine Archipelago lie?
 The southwest section of the Ring of Fire is more complex, with a number of smaller
tectonic plates in collision with the Pacific Plate at the Mariana Islands, the Philippines,
eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, and New Zealand; this part of the Ring
excludes Australia.

8.In the given list, which are the volcanoes representing the Philippines?

 Mayon, Pinatubo, and Taal.

9. Describe the plate motions and interactions that cause volcanic and seismic activity
in the Philippine Archipelago.
 The Philippine archipelago is bounded by subduction zones which makes the region
volcanically active. The most active volcano in the Philippines is the Mayon Volcano
located in southeastern Luzon. It is related to the subduction of Philippine Sea Plate
beneath the Philippine mobile belt.
10. In which plate is the Philippine Archipelago located and how was it formed?
 Many of the thousands of islands which make up the Philippines are classified as island
arcs which were formed as a result of subduction after the collision of the three plates
(the Eurasian Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate).