Title

Efficient voice Transceiver for Arduino

microcontroller -Based Laser Communication
methodology
By

Student Name
Student Name
Student Name

Supervisor
Asst. Prof. Hamza M. Kuder
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Computer Engineering Techniques Department

College of Information Technology

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University

BSc

Month 2023

Kirkuk, Iraq
Declaration

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled: “XXX“ is my own original work and hereby
certify that unless stated, all work contained within this is my own independent
research and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree at any
institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text.

Signature Signature

Name: Name:

Date: Date:

Signature Signature

Name: Name:

Date: Date:
Dedication

I dedicate this dissertation as a tribute to my numerous friends and family. I

am incredibly grateful to my loving parents, A and B, whose inspiration and drive for
persistence continue reverberating in my ears.

My soulmate (my wife) is treasured and have never left my side. I also dedicate
this dissertation to my close friends and university whom was part of it also my
family for their help and encouragement during the writing process.

(Replace with) Student Name

2023
Acknowledgements

We would like to thank my supervisor Assistant professor Hamza

M. Kuder. for her dedicated support and guidance. Our university stuff
continuously provided encouragement and were always willing and
enthusiastic to assist in any way could throughout the research project. I
would also like to thank our family and soulmate for supporting during
these years. Our department members for providing advice regarding
study journey. Finally, many thanks to all participants that took part in the
study and enabled this research to be possible.
Abstract

The main goal of this thesis is to propose a simple and low-cost microcontroller-
based laser communication link. To demonstrate that laser communication is a viable
and efficient means for transmitting voice data, a transceiver capable of transfer rates
of approximately real time voice packet is prototyped. The hardware used for the
transceiver consists of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) lasers, data collective
sensor, and the Arduino UNO which is an open-source and easy-to-use
microcontroller-based platform intended for making interactive projects. The
developed transceiver prototype is capable of receiving and transmitting data at
significant ranges with no loss of information. Furthermore, stable and secure
communication is achieved through several mechanisms developed to manage
simultaneous sending and receiving, in addition to detecting physical interruptions
during transmission. The design setup is scalable and with further development can
be transformed into a fibre-optic transmission system. Due to its nature, laser
communication is very secure and can provide a safe and private communication link.
Overall, this thesis demonstrates how laser communication can be an economical,
durable, and effective means of information transfer.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
One of the most interesting developments in the field of telecommunications
is the use of laser light to transfer information over large distances. The ever
increasing cost and the lack of space available in congested metropolitan cities, as
well as the rapid developments in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) call
for the advent of a less costly communication system [1]-[2]. The
advancements in the field of semiconductor lasers have made possible the use of
lasers for signal transmission which reduces the need for broadcast rights and
buried cables [3]. Therefore, with the development of applications in space
technology [4]-[6], and the increasing importance of wireless sensor networks [7]-
[8], laser communication has become the subject of great research and
development activity. A remarkable feature of laser technology is the
concentration of energy to extremely high intensities that remain relatively
constant over long distances due to low divergence. The main advantage of this
system over RF communication and fibre optics are high transmission security and
reliability [9]-[10]. The intent of this thesis is to propose an inexpensive
microcontroller-based laser communication transceiver which can be easily
deployed and connects to a chat server to enable reliable point-to-point two-way
communication. One-way microcontroller-based laser communication has been
implemented using a simple serial transmitting signal converter and operational
amplifier [11].
The proposed prototype had to be uncomplicated, inexpensive, and reliable.
The system involves a very simple, cost-effective physical setup consisting of an
Arduino UNO [13], a sensitive sensor for light or solar cell, and a 650-nm red
Keyes laser module [14]. The effect of amplifiers and photomultipliers on the
signal-to-noise ratio and the quality of data transmission has been studied
extensively [15]. To keep the prototype as simple and inexpensive as possible,
emphasis was placed on determining the limitations of the simple sensors and
optimizing the code, rather than using amplifiers or photodiodes which are capable
of faster response time. The software consists of advanced communication logic
on the microcontroller. Both the collected and sent data are carried through the
serial port of the Arduino. This transceiver prototype was implemented as proof of
concept for large-scale projects of data transmission to remote environments. By
integrating with fibre optics, secure communication between two nodes is achieved
as showing in figure (1-1).

Figure (1-1) transfer small packet data via classic electronics

1.1 Problem Statement

1.2 Thesis Organisation

 The project was designed to simply allow for the switching of existing
hardware for more expensive parts. Sections II and III explain the preliminary
tests and the proposed methodology of the work. In Section IV, the hardware
and software setup of the laser transceiver is explained. In Section V talk
about the based voice interface. And finally, the results and conclusion are
presented