Jepchirchir Mercy

TRADE PROJECT
OL’LESSOS TECHNICAL TRAININMG INSTITUTE

P.O BOX 210 LESSOS
TITLE: PROPOSED TOPOCADASTRAL SURVEY PLAN OF OTTI
PRESENTED BY : JEPCHIRCHIR MERCY
INDEX NO : 5411010617
PAPER NO : 307 A
COURSE CODE : 2312
CENTRE CODE : 29541101
SURPERVISOR : MR POLYCARP
PRESENETED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD PF DIPLOMA IN LAND
SURVEY.
EXAM SERIES JULY 2022.
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DECLARATION
I declare that the project which I am presenting to the Kenya national examination council is the
true copy of my project and it has not been presented by anyone else.
TRAINEE NAME:JEPCHIRCHIR MERCY

SIGNATURE: …………………………..
DATE:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….ii
CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISION......................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................iv
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................v
TAMBLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE...........................................................................................................................8
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................8
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT.........................................................................................................8
1.2 OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................................................8
1.3 SCOPE...................................................................................................................................9
1.4 IMPORTANCES OF THE PROJECT...........................................................................................9
CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................................10
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................10
2.0 LEVELING...............................................................................................................................10
2.1 ORDINARY LEVELING.............................................................................................................10
INSTRUMENTS USED IN ORDINARY LEVELING............................................................................11
2.2 MISCLOSURE.........................................................................................................................12
2.3 PRECISE LEVELING................................................................................................................12
2.4 APPLICATION FOR PRECISE LEVELING..................................................................................12
2.5 DEFINITIONS IN LEVELING ...................................................................................................13
2.6 OTHER METHODS OF LEVELING...........................................................................................15
2.3 MONUMENTATION IN LEVELING ........................................................................................17
2.7 METHODS OF BOOKING AND REDUCTION OF FIELD DATA...................................................17
2.8 ERRORS IN ORDINARY LEVELING..........................................................................................19
APPLICATION OF ORDINARY LEVELING......................................................................................20
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................21
3.0 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................21
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................21
3.2 LEVELING TEAM...................................................................................................................21
3.3 FIELD WORK..........................................................................................................................21
3.3.1 Reconnaissance.................................................................................................................22
3.3.2 Actual survey.....................................................................................................................22
3.4 BOOKING.............................................................................................................................23
3.5 METHODSA OF BOOKING....................................................................................................23
3.6 ARITHMETIC CHECKS...........................................................................................................24
CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................25
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................25
4.1 COST AND TIME ANALYSIS...................................................................................................25
4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................27
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................28
APPPENDICES.............................................................................................................................29
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of
the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them and by preparing a map to any
suitable scale. Thus in this discipline the measurement are taken only in the horizontal plane.
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The aim of surveying is to prepare a map top show the relative positions of the objects on the
surface of the earth. The map is drawn to some suitable scale. That shows the natural features
of a country such as towns, villages, roads, railways, rivers, maps may also include details of
different, engineering works such as irrigation canals.
In the past survey were carried out by the use of chain the steel tapes and compasses but in
the modern world digitalized instruments have been introduced e.g. G.P.S,total station
1.2 THEORY ABOUT SURVEY
Surveying has been defined a the science and technology of measuring on above or beneath
the earth's surface by use of a CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different
objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them and
by preparing a map to any suitable scale. Thus in this discipline the measurement are taken
only in the horizontal plane.
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The aim of surveying is to prepare a map top show the
relative positions of the objects on the surface of the earth. The map is drawn to some suitable
scale. That shows the natural features of a country such as towns, villages, roads, railways,
rivers, maps may also include details of different ,engineering works such as irrigation canals.
In the past survey were carried out by the use of chain the steel tapes and compasses but in
the modern world digitalized instruments have been introduced e.g. G.P.S,total station
1.2 THEORY ABOUT SURVEY Surveying has been defined a the science and technology of
measuring on above or beneath the earth's surface by use of a scale which must be
appropriate. It also entails establishing of positions from a plan or title description. On such
the surveyor deals with the physical and mathematical aspect of measurement.
the disadvantage of survey carried out in the past using the chain and the tape end up with
inaccurate data which result to accumulation of errors in the work one is carrying out.
Another disadvantage of the past survey is that there were many errors encounter during the
work and hence needs reception which results to time consuming and more so requires a lot of
collaboration which may end up with bringing an error.
In the recent survey which is digitized there are advantages.
[1] Scale which must be appropriate. It also entails establishing of positions from a plan or title
description. On such the surveyor deals with the physical and mathematical aspect of
measurement.
The disadvantage of survey carried out in the past using the chain and the tape end up with
inaccurate data which result to accumulation of errors in the work one is carrying out.
Another disadvantage of the past survey is that there were many errors encounter during the
work and hence needs reception which results to time consuming and more so requires a lot of
collaboration which may end up with bringing an error.
In the recent survey which is digitized there are advantages.
One is that the machine and instalment in the current technology such as the UPS and the
total station has ease the work carried out by the surveyor and also the burden of carrying
machines are easily portable.
Secondly is that he current instruments used in collecting data are far much accurate and
minimizes errors. The machines are also advanced therefore one can read for mistakes from
the oriented points.
1.3 review and limitations of the project Before collection of data The first step of my project, I
did a reconnaissance survey which it enable me to identify the obstacle or challenges I may
encounter during my field work. On the parcel I had identified to carry out my project, I was
able to come up with the features to pick and also estimate and approximate the area of that
parcel. One major limitation was the whether condition which hindered my survey work.
1.4 organization of the project
• Chapter 1: introduction of the project.
Chapter 2: literature review of the project
•, chapter 3: methodology employed while carrying out tasks in the project
• Chapter 4: analysis and findings of the project
• Chapter 5: conclusion and recommendation of the project
Chapter two
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Topography
Topography is the shape configuration, belief or three dimension characteristic of earth
surface. This topographical survey entails information shows natural features and artificial
feature e.g building, highways strearnsJakes,forest etc in preview of topographical depicals
actual feature of the earth surface.
Methods of topographical survey
i. Chain surveying
iiCompass surveying
iii. Plane table surveying
iv. Leveling and Contouring survey
Classifications
i. Linear measurements This is fundamental survey operative of measurements of distance
between any point the distance obtained can be given in the following system of
measurement, metric system like mm, in, km and impaired system is in units,inches,feets
Methods of linear measurements
• Pedometer
• Mapping
• Pacing
• Chaining
• Sonic distance measurements
• Electronic distance measurements
• Optical distance measurements
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The field work was successful since i was able to ascertain new points. I established a ground
beacon A, B, C,D,& E considering the orientation made.
I ran a closed traverse from A and closed at the same point where I carried out adjustment of
bearings.
I assumed the establishment of new control points in order to carry out the project. This is
because the locality in which 1 was carrying out my project was not controlled.
For that reason I had to take an arbitrary control point to act.
3.2 traversing
I did a reconnaissance to determine the nature of the terrain of the area. The points that were
marked were A,B AND C.
3.3, TRAVERSE LAYOUT
The type of traverse I employed in this project was close loop traverse since 1 ran from point A
and ended at the same point.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
My top cadastral project became successful due to my dedication despite of my challenges
that I went through there.
Even though the task I was conducting was somehow challenging , I went on and struggled in
order to manipulate all the data required and presented it on time , therefore thanks to all my
colleagues who assisted me and more so my lecturer and parents .
5.1 RECCOMENDATION
While computing and having analysis on my data of the project I realize that the accuracy
would have been higher it I could have employed machines of current technology which are
well viable and of high level accuracy.
For those opting to carry out this king of survey in future I recommend you to engage yourself
in those high level machines in order to come up with well presentable computations.
[25]
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TRADE PROJECT

OL’LESSOS TECHNICAL TRAININMG INSTITUTE

TITLE: PROPOSED TOPOCADASTRAL SURVEY PLAN OF OTTI

PRESENTED BY : JEPCHIRCHIR MERCY

COURSE CODE : 2312

CENTRE CODE : 29541101

PRESENETED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

EXAM SERIES JULY 2022.

TRAINEE NAME:JEPCHIRCHIR MERCY

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT.........................................................................................................8

1.4 IMPORTANCES OF THE PROJECT...........................................................................................9

LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................10

2.1 ORDINARY LEVELING.............................................................................................................10

INSTRUMENTS USED IN ORDINARY LEVELING............................................................................11

2.3 PRECISE LEVELING................................................................................................................12

2.4 APPLICATION FOR PRECISE LEVELING..................................................................................12

2.6 OTHER METHODS OF LEVELING...........................................................................................15

2.3 MONUMENTATION IN LEVELING ........................................................................................17

2.7 METHODS OF BOOKING AND REDUCTION OF FIELD DATA...................................................17

2.8 ERRORS IN ORDINARY LEVELING..........................................................................................19

APPLICATION OF ORDINARY LEVELING......................................................................................20

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................21

3.2 LEVELING TEAM...................................................................................................................21

3.3 FIELD WORK..........................................................................................................................21

3.3.2 Actual survey.....................................................................................................................22

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