~ MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, GWALIOR Govt. Aided UGC Autonomous & NAAC Accredited Institute Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal) OBJECT: To determine the specific charge (c/m) of an electron by EXPERIMENT NO. 6 cfm OF AN ELECTRON BY THOMSON METHOD. homson’s method. APPARATUS USED: Cathode ray tube with its power supply unit, pair of bar magnets, magnetometer, compass box, net on its two arms with a wooden stand to place the bar CR. tube in the middle, FORMULA USED: em=V*107*y/ILIPd_emu/gm Where 1= length of the deflecting plate. + distance of screen from edges of plates P,P2 ‘otal deflection of the spot on the screen intensity of the applied field aration between the plates P.,P2 PROCEDURE: Part A: L 2 . Apply a constant | Then take two ber magnets and place them one on ~ the electron beam comes to the ini . Now remove the magnets and Place C.R. tube in the middle of the wooden stand such that the cathode ray tube faces towards north: and south wv wooden stand towards east and west. Now switch on the power supply and adjust the intensity to obtain a bright spot at the center of the screen, Read the position of the spot on the vertical scale provided on the screen. In this position no potential is applied on te de lecting plates. potential differeuce of ¥’ volt in between the deflecting plates P) and P) and read it from voltmeter. By doing so the ight spot on the screen of the tube displaces upward. Read the displaced position of the spot on the vertical scale. cit of the east and west arms of gz each other at equ distances from the centre, such that the displacement of the electron beam produced due to electric field ee neaces, Now both the magnets are adjusted to the posision that the displacerent of tial position. Read the position ry and 12 which is the stand with opposite poles facin both sides of the C.R, tube. cerse the direction of potential dilference applied on Jisplacement of the electron beam he magnets and adjust their nitial position. Read positions symmetric on the deficeting plates, so that the direction of tl also reverses. Read the position of the spot. Agi position such that the splacemen| comes again 0 andr’,—— — MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, GWALIOR ¢ part B: To measure magnetic field H (A Govt. ‘Aided UGC Autonomous & NAAC Accredited Institute Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal) 1. Remove C.R. tube and magnets from the stand and place a magnetometer compass box such that its centre lies on the common axis of the magnets. Adjust the pointer of the compass box to read 0° — 0°. >, Now place magnets exactly as they were placed in the previous arrangement comesponding 10 distance r1 and r2 respectively. Read both ends of the pointer, say they are 0) and 62. 3, fer this place the poles at r;" and r exactly as placed in point (5) of fist the deflection of both the ends of the pointer. Say they are 0s and 64. 4, Mean deflection for deflecting voltage V is calculated by taking mean of 0 fy, This is (0 + 8 2 +03 + 0 4 J/4, so that magnetic field is H = He horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field. 5. for three sets vary deflecting voltage V and repeat the whole procedure as laid down part. Note 0p, 03 and tan 0 where H, is in parts (A) and (B). OBSERVATION TABLE: 1. Constants of the Cathode Ray Tube: a) Separation between the plates d= com, b) Length of the horizontal pair of plates |= cm c) Distance of the screen from the edges of the plates Pi and Pp, L= cm 4) Horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the place He= oersted . Determination of deflection y for different values of voltage V S.no | Applied | Initial | Final position Deflection] n& | n& [rw & we Voltage | position | of the spot Y pole | pole | pole | pole of spot after . deflection * >—_ ALIOR V INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, GW — MADHA) it i PV, Bhopal) UGC Autonomous & NAAC Accredited Institute Affiliated to RG Aided (A Govt Determination of He tion ina of the 2 ends of | Reading of the 2 ends of Mean aes ones Rete of comps box | pointer of compass box Voltage 0 05 04 (040 #0540 4)/4 Vv 0 2 Vi V2 Vs CALCULATIONS: eim=V*10'*yILH'd emu/gm. Set 1(Vi) Set 2.(V2) Set 3. (V3) RESULT: Mean value of e/m for an electron = em.u/gm Standard value of e/m = 1.76x 107 e.m.u/gm, 1.76 x 10"! coul/kg PERCENTAGE ERROR: Percentage Error= [(Standard value ~ experimental value)’ standard value] x 100% = % PRECAUTIONS: 1, The cathode ray tube should be handled carefully. 2. CR. tube should point north-south where as wooden stand must point east-west, 3. The electric field between the plates cannot be uniform because separation between them is small. Error may arise due to the assumption of uniform field.