· Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that causes numbness, tingling, and pain in the

hand and forearm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand — the
median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist. In most patients,
carpal tunnel syndrome gets worse over time.

· De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a painful condition that affects the tendons in your wrist. It occurs
when the 2 tendons around the base of your thumb become swollen. The swelling causes the
sheaths (casings) covering the tendons to become inflamed. This puts pressure on nearby
nerves, causing pain and numbness

· Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves
in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This
can cause shoulder and neck pain and numbness in your fingers.

· Cervical radiculopathy is the clinical description of when a nerve root in the cervical spine
becomes inflamed or damaged, resulting in a change in neurological function. Neurological
deficits, such as numbness, altered reflexes, or weakness, may radiate anywhere from the neck
into the shoulder, arm, hand, or fingers.

· Shoulder instability usually occurs when the lining of the shoulder joint (the capsule), ligaments
or labrum become stretched, torn or detached, allowing the ball of the shoulder joint (humeral
head) to move either completely or partially out of the socket.

· A rotator cuff tear is a rip in the group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize your shoulder
joint and let you lift and rotate your arms (your rotator cuff). It's also called a complete tear or a
full-thickness tear.

· Impingement syndrome describes a condition in which the tendons of the rotator cuff of the
shoulder are pinched as they pass between the top of the upper arm (humerus) and the tip of
the shoulder (acromion). The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and bones that share a
common tendon.

· Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and
pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and
then resolve, usually within one to three years.01-Aug-2020 . Symptoms: Joint stiffness

· An ACL injury is a tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate (KROO-she-ate) ligament (ACL) — one of
the strong bands of tissue that help connect your thigh bone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia)

· Your posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) runs along the back of your knee and connects your
thighbone to the top of your lower leg bone. This ligament keeps your bones in place and helps
your knee move smoothly. When the PCL is sprained or torn, it's called a posterior cruciate
ligament injury

· Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. It is a degenerative,"wear-and-

 tear" type of arthritis that occurs most often in people 50 years of age and older, although it may
occur in younger people, too. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the knee joint gradually wears
away.

· The menisci — the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus - are crescent-shaped bands of thick,
rubbery cartilage attached to the shinbone (tibia). They act as shock absorbers and stabilize the
knee. The medial meniscus is on the inner side of the knee joint. The lateral meniscus is on the
outside of the knee.

· The sacroiliac joints link your pelvis and lower spine. They're made up of the sacrum — the bony
structure above your tailbone and below your lower vertebrae — and the top part (ilium) of your
pelvis. There are sacroiliac joints in both the right and left sides of your lower back.

· Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region,
spasms and causes buttock pain. The piriformis muscle also can irritate the nearby sciatic nerve
and cause pain, numbness and tingling along the back of the leg and into the foot (similar to
sciatic pain).

· Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your
lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. Typically, sciatica affects only one
side of your body.01-Aug-2020 Symptoms: Pain

· Tennis elbow is a condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow. It's clinically
known as lateral epicondylitis. It often happens after overuse or repeated action of the muscles
of the forearm, near the elbow joint. Symptoms: Pain

· Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach
to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and
wrist. Golfer's elbow is similar to tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of the elbow. It's not
limited to golfers.10-Oct-2020 Symptoms: Pain

· Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring giving way of the outer
(lateral) side of the ankle. This condition often develops after repeated ankle sprains. Usually, the
giving way occurs while walking or doing other activities, but it can also happen when you're just
standing.

· At chest level where the ribs join the spine, it curves slightly forward. This curve is called
kyphosis. Flatback syndrome occurs when there is a loss either of lordosis or kyphosis or both,
making the spine straight. Persons with flatback syndrome appear stooped forward and often
have difficulty standing up straight.

· Lordosis is the inward curve of the lumbar spine (just above the buttocks). A small degree of
lordosis is normal. Too much curving is called swayback.

· Patients with early intra-articular hip pathology, such as acetabular labral tears with no or mild
 hip deformity, and patients with arthrosis and mild hip deformity may experience groin and
posterior pelvic pain as part of their clinical presentation

· Hip flexion contracture is a common problem in patients with spastic paresis such as cerebral
palsy and may also affect patients who have sustained trauma about the hip. These contractures
may impair gait and the ability to carry out activities of daily living.

· The collateral ligaments of the knee are located on the outside part of your knee joint. They help
connect the bones of your upper and lower leg, around your knee joint. The lateral collateral
ligament (LCL) runs on the outer side of your knee. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) runs
along the inside of your knee.

· If the weakness is extreme, it may cause a nerve issue and can result in a Trendelenburg gait,
where the pelvis on one side drops while the opposite side is bearing weight. This indicates the
gluteus medius on the stance side is not strong enough to hold the pelvis level even with basic
walking.

· Subscapularis is a triangular shoulder muscle located in the subscapular fossa of scapula.

Attaching between the scapula and the proximal humerus, it is one of the four muscles of the
rotator cuff, along with supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor. Action is the internal
rotation of arm

· The biceps is attached to the arm bones by tough connective tissues called tendons. The tendons
that connect the biceps muscle to the shoulder joint in two places are called the proximal biceps
tendons. The tendon that attaches the biceps muscle to the forearm bones (radius and ulna) is
called the distal biceps tendon

· What is a limb-length discrepancy? A limb-length discrepancy is when one leg or arm is shorter
than the other leg or arm. The difference in length can range from a fraction of an inch to several
inches. Some children are born with congenital limb differences that cause their legs or arms to
grow at different rates.

· If your Achilles tendon ruptures, you might hear a pop, followed by an immediate sharp pain in
the back of your ankle and lower leg that is likely to affect your ability to walk properly. Surgery
is often performed to repair the rupture. For many people, however, nonsurgical treatment
works just as well.