优缺点 3 段式 introduction 1strength 1weakness 5 段式 introduction 2strength 2weakness

INTRODUCTION
The researchers used (research method) to investigate (aim of study). (Participants’ characteristics)
(procedure) (results).

优缺点
「Research method:
Design of study:
Sampling technique:

「Validity
Reliability
Ecological validity(只说 sample 的时候 用 generalizability)

EXAMPLE
*lab experiment——>high level of control——>validity is high

Strength: the researchers used lab experiment. Many extraneous variables were highly controlled.
For example, head movement were minimized through a bite. (To ensure participants focus on the
screen all the time). Therefore, IV(要带入) affects DV(要带入) directly. [ The causal relationship
between IV and DV can be determine]. As a result, validity of findings is high.

*Objective—>will not be affected by researchers’ subjective viewpoint

* measure exact Amygdala activation——>quantitative data will be produced——> validity
increases

The researchers used fMRI machine to measure the Amygdala activation while participants were
viewing 96 pictures with different emotional intensity. The fMRI result was objective, it would not
be affected by researchers’ own opinion. What’s more, it can measure exact Amygdala activation
in a numerical form, so that quantitative data could be produced. Therefore, the validity of finding
is high.

Weakness:
*Ethical issue —deception/protection of participants

In this study, there are a few ethical issues. First, the participants were deceived since they didn’t
know they would take part in an unexpected recognition test after the scanning 3 weeks later.
Secondly, the protection of participants was violated since fMRI is an unusual machine that the
participants may feel scared, anxious, distressed. What’s more, low performance in recognition
test may also cause participants to be distressed. Therefore, the participants may suffered from
psychological harm. In one word, the researchers didn’t follow the ethical guideline well.
*Design of study— repeated measure design——order effect
In this study, researchers used repeated measure design since participants viewed 96 pictures for
different emotional intensity. Participants would feel bored or tired after rating several pictures,
therefore, their rate could not reflect how emotionally intense they felt from pictures
accurately.The emotional intensity don’t affect the Amygdala activation directly. Thus, the validity
of findings is low.