Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Four objectives of International Labor Organization’s └ An employee performs work that is not usually
decent work necessary or primarily related to the employer’s
business or trade
└ To create jobs └ Outside works are usually done
Greater job opportunities
For better sustainable development Working conditions and rest periods, and hours or work
To boost the economy └ Nurses should only work 8 hours/day, 40 hours per
└ To provide guarantee in worker’s rights and rights at week (5 days)
work └ Some hospitals have 12 hours (4 days of duty only)
Employees should be well recognized of duty especially in special areas
There should be no discrimination
└ To extend social protection to workers of all Article 83. normal hours of work
categories └ The normal hours of work of any employee shall not
Safety condition of all aspects exceed eight hours a day
Right to rest, day offs
└ To help workers in resolutions in conflicts and Article 85. meal periods
promotion of social dialogue
└ It shall be the duty of every employer to give his
Conflicts will always arise in work
employees not less than sixty minutes time-off for
environments but should be well managed
their regular meals
Types of employment in the Philippines
Night differential
1. Regular or permanent employment
└ Every employee shall be paid a night shift differential
└ Will not be fired immediately, unless you violate of not less than ten percent of their regular wage for
rules each hour of work between 10 o’clock in the evening
└ They enjoy the benefit of security of tenure and six o’clock in the morning
└ You will have the job, unless, you resign └ 10 pm-6 am duty or work
└ After retirement, there will be compensations
Overtime work
└ An additional compensation equivalent to their └ Every employee shall be assured security of tenure
regular wage plus at least 25% thereof └ No employee can be dismissed from work except for
a just or authorized cause, and only after due process
Undertime not offset by overtime Dismissal is not permitted unless there are
└ Undertime work on any particular day shall not be breach to code of ethics and rules
offset by overtime work on any other day Work days and work hours
└ Overtime does not fix undertime
└ The normal hours of work in a day are eight hours
Emergency over time work └ An employee must be paid his or her wages for all
└ When the country is at war hours worked
└ When it is necessary to prevent loss of life or Weekly rest day
property (imminent danger to public safety)
└ When there is urgent work to be performed └ A day-off of 24 consecutive hours after six days of
└ When the work is necessary to prevent loss or work should be scheduled by the employer upon
damage to perishable goods consultation with the workers
Food delivery Wage and wage related benefits
└ When the completion or continuation of work started
before the eighth hour is necessary to prevent serious └ An employer cannot make any deduction from an
obstruction to the business employee’s wage except for insurance premiums with
the consent of the employee
Right to weekly rest day
Pag-ibig, SSS, Philheath
└ It shall be the duty of the employer, whether Gross pay- total salary received before taxes
operating for profit or not, to provide each of his are deducted
employees a rest period of not less than 24 Net pay- total wage when taxes are already
consecutive hours after six consecutive normal deducted
working days Premiums are deducted at the last salary of
the month (30th)
Article 92. When employee may be required to work on a
rest day Payment of wages
└ In case of actual or impending emergencies caused by └ Wages shall be paid in cash, legal tender at or near
serious accidents: fire, flood, typhoons, earthquake, the place of work. Wages shall be given not less than
epidemic, or other disasters or calamity to prevent once every two weeks or twice within month at
loss of life and property or imminent danger to the intervals no exceeding 16 days
public safety 15th and 30th day salary
└ In cases of urgent work to be performed on the According to DOLE, salary should not be
machinery, equipment, or installation to avoid serious late but can be given early
loss which the employer would otherwise suffer
Employment of women
└ In the event of abnormal pressure of work due to
special circumstances, where the employer cannot └ Night work prohibition unless allowed by the rules
ordinarily be expected to resort to other measures In industrial undertakings from 10 pm to 6
└ To prevent loss or damage to perishable goods am
└ Where the nature of work requires continuous In commercial/non-industrial undertakings
operations from 12 mn to 6 am
Even when the employee is on leave or on o Industrial workers
rest day they will be called to report to work In agricultural undertakings, at night time
Article 93. Compensation for rest day, Sunday, or holiday unless given not less than nine consecutive
work hours of rest
For pregnant women, a month before they
└ When an employee is made or permitted to work on should already file a maternity leave till 90
his scheduled rest day, he shall be paid an additional days
compensation of at least 30% of his regular wage
Employment of children
Article 94. Right to holiday pay
└ Minimum employable age is 15 years old. A worker
└ The employer may require an employee to work on below 15 years of age should be directly under the
any holiday but such employee shall be paid a sole responsibility of parents or guardians; work does
compensation equivalent to twice his regular rate not interfere with the child’s schooling or normal
development
For emancipated minors, they are allowed to
work since they are already living
The Basic Rights of Employees independently
Equal Work Opportunities for all Safe working conditions
└ The state shall protect labor, promote full
employment, provide equal work opportunity └ Employers must provide workers with every kind of
regardless of gender, race, or creed; regulate on-the-job protection against injury, sickness, or
employee-employer relations death through safe and healthful working conditions
Security of tenure
All aspects of the work should be secured of Sec. 32. Salary
safety (holistic health, building structure,
└ The minimum base pay of nurses working in public
etc.)
health institution shall not be lower than salary grade
Protective equipment should be provided by
15 prescribed under RA 6758 otherwise known as
the company or employer “Compensation and Classification Act of 1989”
Right to self-organization and collective bargaining SG15 = Php 32,000.00
Government: Entry level is nurse I until
└ Right to self-organization nurse V and salary is also increasing
Right of every worker to form or join any Not applicable to private hospitals
legitimate worker’s organization, association
or union of his or her own choice Sec. 33. Incentives and benefits
└ Labor unions and organizations of employees └ The BON in coordination with the DOH and other
They demand the rights of employees concerned agencies, association of hospitals and the
accredited professional organization shall establish an
Employee’s compensation (EC) benefits for work-related
incentive and benefit system in the form of:
contingencies
Free hospital care for nurses and their
└ The employee’s compensation program is the tax- dependents
exempt compensation program for employees and Scholarship grants
their dependents Other non-cash benefits
Medical benefits for sickness or injuries PNA is the accredited professional
o Health cards organization of nursing
Disability benefits
Rehabilitation benefits
Death and funeral benefits Job Search in Nursing
Pension benefits
o Government workers highly Different fields in nursing
benefits this
└ Usually, only the regular workers may experience Clinical nursing
these benefits Community nursing
Types of leaves └ Refers to the practice of nursing in the local, national,
and city health departments which include health
Vacation leave
centers and public schools
└ All employees, with the exception of casual workers, └ Focus: Families and Whole Community
are entitled of four weeks of vacation per year └ Roles:
This type of leave is paid Vaccinations
In some companies, if vacation leave is not Assessments of Children and Pregnant
Women
used it may be converted to cash
Implementation of DOH programs
o Amount will be based on the salary
School health nursing
Parental leave └ Responsible for the school’s activities in the areas of
└ All employees are entitled to unpaid parental leave health service, health education and environment
health and safety
after working for 12 months
└ Focus: Students, Teachers, and Personnel
Should be legal spouse
└ Roles:
Leave to attend school meetings of children
Health education
is an example of unpaid parental leave
Attend to the complaints of Students,
└ Female employees are entitled to 90 calendar days Teachers, and Personnel
of maternity leave with full pay Industrial/ occupational nursing
└ Male employees shall be entitled to 10 working
days of paternity leave with full pay during the └ Work alone in situations where they may have to give
period of maternity leave of their legal spouse immediate care to patients with serious injuries, they
Leave for personal need to be fully informed about their legal
responsibilities
└ If he/she is unfit for work due to personal illness or
└ Companies may have their own nurses
injury (Sick Leave)
Medical certificate should be presented └ Emergency situations in the workplace, especially
└ If a member of the employee’s immediate family needed when toxic or hazardous products are handled
suffers a serious injury or illness or dies (2 days paid in the company
care leave)
Clinical nursing
Study leave
HOSPITAL/ INSTITUTIONAL NURSING
└ Study leave shall be granted by the university only on
└ Nursing in the hospitals and related health facilities
the basis of the needs of the university and the
such as extended care facilities, nursing homes, and
interests of staff development
neighborhood clinics, comprises all of the basic
└ Usually applicable to teachers and professors
components of comprehensive patient care and
RA 9173 “the Philippine Nursing Law” family health
└ Roles:
└ Philippine nursing act of 2002 o OR/ ER/ DR
o Infection control └ Responsible for patients, military or otherwise, who
o Hemodialysis/ Renal have been evaluated from battle areas to the nearest
o ICU/ PICU/ NICU installation for treatment
o Pediatric └ First aid management while transporting the patient
o Psychiatric Nursing from one place to another
o Geriatric Independent nursing practice
o Nurse Midwife
└ The nurse is self-employed and provides professional
o Nurse Anesthetist
nursing services to the clients/patients and their
└ Acute care settings
families
Clinic nursing └ Nurse may take different certifications to have
specializations then put-up business that is inclined
└ Acts as the receptionist, answers phone, does the with to specialization
billing, take x-ray and ECGs, changes dressings, give └ Considered as clinicians
injections (BCG, DPT, measles), and assist in └ Practiced more often in other countries
Physical examinations
└ Attends the needs of the patients in the clinic └ Nurse anesthetists
Nursing informatics
└ You cannot relate your culture to the culture of others Jehovah’s witnesses
Because cultures are different and diverse
└ Any foods to which blood has been added are
└ Ethnocentrism- feeling of superiority
prohibited (also INC)
White supremacists └ Can consume animal flesh that has been drained (no
└ Xenocentrism- feeling of inferiority blood)
Biases of culture Judaism
└ Prejudice- negative feelings └ Meats allowed include animals that are vegetable
└ Stereotype- negative opinions eaters (cows) and animals that are ritually slaughtered
Generalizing a certain group with a negative └ Fish that have scales and fins are not allowed
opinion └ Any combination of meat and milk is prohibited
└ Discrimination- negative actions └ Yom Kippur- similar to Ramadan
Types of prejudice Fasting for 24 hours (1 day)
Pregnant women and those who are
└ Racism seriously ill are exempted from fasting
└ Sexism └ During their pass over, the only thing they can eat is
└ Heterosexism- discrimination of the third sex the unleavened bread (no yeast)
└ Classicism- discrimination depending on social status
└ Linguicism- discrimination based on language Roman Catholicism
└ Ageism- discrimination of the older age
└ Avoid meat on Ash Wednesday and good Friday but └ Discussions about death are usually not welcomed
fasting is optional └ Stopping medical treatment is against Allah’s will
└ During lent, discourage eating of meat on Friday DNR/ advanced directives are not allowed
└ Grief may be expressed through slapping or hitting
Dietary preferences of different races
the body
Africans └ If possible, same-sex Muslim should handle the body
after death (or same sex if no Muslim)
└ Fried foods Gloves are worn if the nurse handling the
└ Pork, greens, rice patient is not a Muslim
└ Some pregnant Africans engage in pica └ Embalming is not done and should be immediately
buried
Asians
Judaism
└ Rice
└ Soy sauce └ Prolongation of life is important
└ Raw fish- Japanese Life-support must remain so until death
└ A dying person should not be left alone
Europeans
└ Ravi (priest) is required
└ Carbohydrates └ Autopsy and cremation are forbidden
└ Red meat
Hinduism
Hispanic Americans
└ Rituals include tying a thread around the neck or
└ Beans wrist of the dying person, sprinkling the person with
└ Fried foods special water, or placing a leaf of basil on their
└ Spicy foods tongue
└ Tortillas └ After death, the sacred threads are not removed and
└ Carbonated beverages the body is not washed
└ They prefer cremation and ashes are cast in the holy
American Indians river
└ Blue cornmeal Buddhism
└ Fish
└ A shrine to buddha may be placed in the client’s
└ Fruits and berries
room
End-of-life issues of different religions └ Time for meditation at the shrine is important and
should be respected
Roman Catholicism └ Clients may refuse medications that may alter their
└ A priest anoints the sick awareness
└ Other sacraments before death include reconciliation Opioids
and holy communion Anesthesia
Confessions └ After death, a monk may recite prayers for one hour
These combine in the human body to form three life forces or IS IT SAFE TO USE AYVERDA
energies, called doshas. Ayurvedic practices such as yoga and meditation can be
safe ways to promote health. If you have a long-term
VATTA DOSHA illness, you may be able to combine ayurveda with
Combination of Air and Space conventional medical treatment.
Most powerful Dosha Ayurvedic herbal medicines, like conventional medicines,
Vatta controls: may cause side effects, trigger allergic reactions, or
o muscle and joint movement interact with other medicines or herbs you are taking.
o breathing and heartbeat Some ayurvedic medicines may contain high levels of
o anxiety and fear heavy metals, which may be harmful to your body.
o pain Not all countries allow the entry/ practice of Ayurveda
o other functions of the nervous system HOMEOPATHY
Things that can disrupt it include eating again too uses of plants and mineral extracts
soon after a meal, fear, grief, and staying up too late the body can cure itself
If vata dosha is your main life force, you’re thought use tiny amounts of natural substances, like plants and
to be more likely to develop conditions minerals
o Anxiety developed in the late 1700s in Germany
o Asthma common in many European countries, not popular in the
o heart disease United States
o skin problems Origin of Homeopathy > Greek Words :
o rheumatoid arthritis o "Omoios" meaning "SIMILAR"
o "Pathos" meaning "Suffering"
i.e. Hydrotherapy 5. Educate patients about the steps to achieving and
maintaining health.
TWO THEORIES OF HOMEOPATHY 6. Focus on overall health, wellness and disease prevention.
1. LIKE CURES LIKE
Large amount of substance that causes an illness NATUROPATHIC CARE
to a healthy person, can cure illness in a very Naturopathic physicians use a blend of traditional
small dose to a sick person treatment methods (such as ordering labs or x-rays) and
stimulates a person's self healing capabilities holistic therapies (such as leveraging botanical medicine)
to manage a broad range of health conditions.
2. LAW OF MINIMUM DOSE
Serial dilution
The more dilution occur, the more potent remedy
will be the outcome
ART THERAPY
A technique rooted in the idea that creative expression can
foster healing and mental well-being.
The goal of art therapy is to utilize the creative process to
help people explore self-expression, develop self-
awareness, cope with stress, boost self-esteem, and work
on social skills.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBAL MEDICINE:
o liquid herb extracts
o skin creams
o teas
o herb
o powders
o capsules
o tablets
10 APPROVED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PH:
There are ten (10) Philippine medicinal plant species
approved for therapeutic uses by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) under the Department of Health
BIOLOGICAL-BASED THERAPIES
(DOH):
therapies includes natural and biological-derived o Lagundi (Vitexnegundo) – Cough and asthma
products, interventions, and practices
o Sambong (Blumeabalsamifera L.) – Anti-
include aromatherapy, herbal therapies, macrobiotic diet,
urolithiasis (kidney stones)
and orthomolecular therapy
o Ampalaya (Momordicacharantia L.) – can
Lowering of blood sugar and anti-diabetes
AROMATHERAPY
o Garlic (Allium sativum) – Anti-cholesterol
According to the National Association for Holistic
o Guava (Psidium Guajava) – Oral/skin
Aromatherapy (NAHA) aromatherapy is the
therapeutic application or the medicinal use of antiseptic
aromatic substances like essential oils for holistic o Tsaang-gubat (Carmona cetusa) –
healing. Mouthwash
This Aromatherapy is just a complementary therapy o Yerba-Buena (Mentha Arvensis) –
does not provide a cure for diseases, rashes or illnesses, Analgesic or antipyretic
but it can be supportive treatment for various conditions o Niyog-niyogan (Quisaualisindica) – Anti-
It provides respiratory disinfection, decongestant, and helminthic
psychological benefits. o Acapulco (Cassia alata) – Antifungal
BENEFITS:
HOW IS THIS AROMATHERAPY APPLIED o more affordable and accessible than
It can be through inhalation or as a topical application. conventional medicines
For inhalation: the oils evaporate into the air using a o many people prefer using them because they
diffuser or in a steamed bath align with their personal health ideologies
For topical applications: the massage oils are
absorbed through the skin. MACROBIOTIC DIET
first developed by a Japanese philosopher named George
These essential oils are readily available from the market Ohsawa
be aware of fake oils because this can lead to irritations o he believed in a holistic approach to health
and may possibly cause you death once you inhale it incorporating many lifestyle aspects, from diet
According to the one of the best selling essential oil and exercise to meditation and even the ‘yin
brands in the Philippines, there are 5 most popular and yang’ energy of particular foods
essentials oils and their superpowers: macrobiotic diet is divided as follows:
o Lavender - promotes feelings of calmness and o Around 40-60% of your food contains whole
fights nervous tension grains such as brown rice, barley, oats,
o Peppermint - cools fatigued muscles after buckwheat
physical activity o Around 20-30% contains fruits and vegetables
o Lemon - promotes healthy immune system such as pickles, which are one of the things that
o Frankincense - promotes relaxation and are believed to have a balancing effect
tranquility o Around 10% – 25% contains bean and bean
o Thieves - promotes healthy immune system products such as tofu, miso as well as seaweeds
MOXIBUSTION
a manipulative and body-based practice
a therapy within traditional Chinese medicine
Dried moxa herb (a mugwort) is burned usually just above
but sometimes directly on the skin over acupuncture
points
The herb may be in the form of incense sticks or wool
BENEFITS
o Expelling cold and dampness
o Relieves back pain and pain from arthritis and
menstrual camping
o Improving female health issues
o Relieving male health problems
o Increasing resistance to cold and flu
o Stimulating the immune system to fight more
serious illnesses
o Regulating the digestive system to relieve
constipation and chronic diarrhea
o Reducing numbness in the fingers and toes
o Reducing the risk of developing blood clots
o Easing anxiety disorders and certain symptoms
of depression
o Eliminate general fatigue
TAI CHI AND QI GONG
THERAPEUTIC MASSAGE Tai chi and qi gong are centuries-old, related mind and
Massage is the practice of rubbing and kneading the body practices
body using the hands. TAI CHI
During a massage, a massage therapist will apply gentle o a practice that has grown from the Qigong
or strong pressure to the muscles and joints of the tradition
body to ease pain and tension. o more complex, including foot movements, thus it
A massage therapist is a person trained in giving is excellent for brain plasticity maximization
massages. o involve certain postures and gentle movements
with mental focus, breathing, and relaxation
5 BASIC MASSAGE STROKES o movements can be adapted or practiced while
EFFLEURAGE- is more on long, sliding, gliding, and
walking, standing, or sitting
sweeping strokes, usually used for spreading massage oil. In
QI GONG
effleurage, movement is usually repeated several times to
o movements associated with the practice, was
induce relaxation of muscle.
designed solely as a meditative and healing
PETRISSAGE- ‘petri’ means ‘to knead’. This technique is practice
like kneading a dough. The kneading, rolling, and squeezing o movements developed as a part of the Tai Chi
strokes stimulates the nerve endings, getting rid of impure tradition can be used as a martial art or applied to
substance in the muscle, and increases circulation which then self- defense
will promote cell repair o Qigong can be very easy, thus it soothes the
nervous system
Qi gong, tai chi movements, if practiced quickly, can be a
form of combat or self-defense.
Exercise programs, including tai chi, may reduce falling observation and movements of the hands over
and the fear of falling in older people. the body.
Tai chi also may be more effective than other forms of
exercise for improving balance and stability in people REIKI
with Parkinson’s disease. Reiki is an energy healing technique that promotes
relaxation, reduces stress and anxiety through gentle
touch.
ENERGY THERAPIES Reiki practitioners use their hands to deliver energy to
focus on energy originating within the body or on your body, improving the flow and balance of your
energy from other sources energy to support healing.
include therapeutic touch and magnetic therapy Reiki is an ancient form of Japanese healing that is
Energy therapy is based on the belief that the body has an practiced by many practitioners around the world
invisible energy field, and that when this energy flow is o there is an omnipotent energy that gives life to
blocked or unbalanced, you can become sick. every living thing, and the Japanese call this
Unblocking this energy can help promote healing and “Ki”
wellbeing. o It is also known as Chi by the Chinese, Prana by
The purpose of energy therapies can be broadly defined as a number of Asian cultures, and most of the
"The healing of mental or physical disorders by western world refers to it as the Holy Spirit.
rebalancing the energy fields in the human body or by “Because it works on the entire self – mind, body and
drawing upon spiritual energies or forces for such emotions – and because it is universal life force energy,
healing". reiki may be successful in all types of physical, emotional,
o Some energy therapies include internal mental and spiritual healing”
detoxification or release of trauma-related How does Reiki work?
memories as additional purposes. o Reiki practitioners act as a conduit between you
energy therapies consist of interventions that are and the source of the universal life force energy.
designed to interact with the biofield of a person o The energy flows through the practitioner’s
The concept of the biofield is based on the assumption hands to you.
that all living things have a natural flow of energy that is o The term reiki is a Japanese word meaning
integral to their basic composition. universal life energy.
The concept of energy flowing through and around the o It is a form of gentle hands-on therapy using
physical body has a long-standing history and is the basis energy fields within and around the body.
for various ancient healing practices and many Why use it?
complementary and alternative therapies. o People use reiki to improve physical, emotional
and spiritual wellbeing, on or slightly above your
BENEFITS body.
There is no scientific evidence of an energy field or that o The aim is to use their own healing energy to
energy therapies have any benefits. identify energy imbalances and promote health.
Energy therapies are very gentle and do not require the o This may generate a feeling of warmth.
therapist to make any heavy physical adjustments. What to expect?
They are used to help people feel relaxed and less o During a reiki session a client sits or lies down
anxious, and to improve overall wellbeing fully clothed.
o The therapist places their hands in a series of
SIDE EFFECTS positions.
As energy therapies are not invasive, they are considered o Reiki treatments typically last about 50 minutes.
to be safe. o During a session, you’ll lie on a massage table
fully clothed, as your reiki practitioner gently
THERAPEUTIC TOUCH places their hands, palms down, on or just above
The placement of hands in specific sequences above or on your body in specific energy locations.
the body to assess and determine areas of energy o They use a series of 12 to 15 different hand
imbalance, which are generally, experienced as positions.
temperature, texture or vibration changes.
Evidence
Therapeutic touch uses a practice called "laying on of o Anecdotal evidence suggests that reiki is calming
hands" to correct or balance energy fields. Despite the use
and relaxing, often helping to relieve pain and
of the word "touch," the hands usually hover over the
anxiety, reduce stiffness and improve posture.
body and do not physically touch it. The goal of the
What does Reiki feel like?
technique is to help people relax, relieve their pain, and
o “You may experience the energy in the form of
help them heal faster. Therapeutic touch is thought to
promote healing through restoring harmony to a person's sensations like heat, tingling or pulsing where the
energy fields. Reiki practitioner has placed their hands”
o By placing the hands over the corresponding
"Some people use therapeutic touch to reduce pain, ease
tense muscles, speed healing, and improve sleep. It is seven major chakra centers that are experiencing
sometimes used to help people who have pain or any of the imbalances mentioned and performing
discomfort from cancer or other diseases" Reiki, these centers can be rebalanced leading to
better health.
Why use it?
o Healing touch works with your personal energy
field to support the body’s own natural ability to
heal
What to expect?
o Therapeutic touch can be practiced while you are
sitting, standing or lying down.
o Before beginning, the therapist may perform a
meditation and then assess your energy field by
NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE
CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
Sedating, Stimulating,
Cooling Heating
Negative: Yin Positive: Yang
Low back pain Tingling
Arthritis Numbness
Inflammation Weak muscles
Acute headaches Paralysis
Sharp pain Scars
UNIPOLAR MAGNETS
Magnets that have north on one side and south on the
other.