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Neutrinos are also released by the fusion reactions in the core, but, unlike
photons, they rarely interact with matter, so almost all are able to escape the Sun
immediately. For many years measurements of the number of neutrinos
produced in the Sun were lower than theories predicted by a factor of 3. This
discrepancy was resolved in 2001 through the discovery of the effects of neutrino
oscillation: the Sun emits the number of neutrinos predicted by the theory, but
2
neutrino detectors were missing ⁄3 of them because the neutrinos had changed
[103]
flavor by the time they were detected.

Magnetic activity
The Sun has a stellar magnetic field that varies across its surface. Its polar field
is 1–2 gauss (0.0001–0.0002 T), whereas the field is typically 3,000 gauss (0.3
T) in features on the Sun called sunspots and 10–100 gauss (0.001–0.01 T) in
[5]
solar prominences. The magnetic field varies in time and location. The quasi-
periodic 11-year solar cycle is the most prominent variation in which the number
[104][105][106]
and size of sunspots waxes and wanes.
The solar magnetic field extends well beyond the Sun itself. The electrically
conducting solar wind plasma carries the Sun's magnetic field into space, forming
[80]
what is called the interplanetary magnetic field. In an approximation kno