© FENTROBUCTION To ENGINEERING MECHANICS Engine exing mechanics: Tt is the bmanch of applied Sciences vnich deals with state of mest omrmotion of bodies under the application of Fesces. Engi messt ng meoahanics ST =" } aon \ eae of Mechanics of selias Fluids S y Mechanics of Mechanicsot rigid bodliey deformable bedi icy. \ wef | 2 rant Srahtes Dynami eg Sroneseeene 1S 9 tae branch of mechanics which deals cit etate of mest cf bodies- pyremics: TE is the branch of mechanics which deals eotth = becttey Uncten rnoHon - Basic Edealitattons~ fy penticle? cay we defined ag am object ‘hich os only crass but mo Size: auch becly clees cack exist Heonetically, Howeve7t, wohile lealing pith Pmeblems iavolving distances considenab- Sy Noms ca When componend te Size of te aize of body ceglerted coitheut Sacurtct lnc n gS eomecy eon boy crenoplane iS posticle fey groundls Sie > a guar openating from a\ ar Continuum! A beds, consigts of postr cles + ee Severna | each peottele Ienowwn Faot hat subdivided ts eoetl Can be inte moleailes, atoms & electrons. The becdy is asgsumect +o be made of aentoous itadbaton of emotten. Tn ether coomds continuum Br Rigid beady! otefined as body in hich relative pesitiens of any +o posticles lo not change action ef Ferces: Deformable badly’. The urden tHe loecty in eohich melattve eon aoe Ce cect Sn mS weedy chang application of fivce- Feigict book * OMe Before oprlication - oe = Favce 3 of fevee Pften applicah on Deferenable body tod: é de > ON Nema \ 3 a fren applicatio yerovenee lean i Pe 2 if 3 ot Eorceé of Parte@ Newton's Laws OF MOTION: y Newton's Fiewt lao! Tt states that eveny beoly in is state of mest om of uniform Corbtnves it is Compellect metion in a Stmaiqht tine unless by an external agency cro ay on iE: ay Newton's Second lator TE states that the mote of change BC enertann OF A woedy 1S dimectly spmeopestional to the Impmessed Force ancl it takes plece in the aiimection of fonce echng on ite Force & mate of change mass velocity 7 ef momenteny Bet mementum= As mess dow not change massx nate of change of velocity ironce' i= | = massx acceleration \ Secianct oy Newton's Tt Thimol lace! TE states that fom eveny ection ftipeo coat) ee anol oppesite Ssteaction . x Newton's low ef Gravitation: ee The Fonce of Eveny leedy ottmacts othen “ood attmaction behseen any +20 bedies |S climectly pmopentiona) +o theisi mosses ard inversely pmopesttional to sapome ef dlistance bEttocen them: According to tis taco Fevce of attmacton beteseen beclies of mass ™ &Mg ot distance aA is ga as | G ts constant of powpertionality Constant of qvauitahon- e Q ts Ienocon agda Fonce and its Chanactenishics * —_— Pimection of Gow Z| Ft Line of action. | mognitude . Peint of application | Fomce can be deFinecl &S an external lagercy which Changes state of nest or motion Jo a body: i | Chanactenistics of Fosce: Magaitude: Length of cxnow designates magnit de of free. Tr above Pig Gok 1S maga tecte , [ice of locke 7 oF CQxessy ets tne line alo Which force acts. TA above aq Meas action iS Femizontal: |wDisrechen | os force: The Aimecton oF amc Reset SES climates Cr Gate |awove Fqune Gimection of Gvce te towancls aight of application ) of Fevcen Tt 3S Point at eohich : point of application | Point | foree acts. Tn Above | So. is|Types of fences hY App! a) . pee pplied Goce. AA applied vee is aleorce ca iS applied on an obj ect by oO penson or anothen obj ect hy Goavity Gerce’ The Force of gaovity is the mee ak chick, the eanth, moon or othen lmassively lange object attmacts anethen object Prowonds iself- BY Noxmal force: The normal force is the support Gferce erentecl on object hich is in ceatact with acothen Stable object | UY Faniction fovce: TE is the femce erc exted by % leunfece as an object moves oven tt om mates jan eflont +o cove oven it |x Latena\ fonces and its ot distribution ¢ on | eunfeces | Letenal Bnces on a surface may be lpeint toads, unifermly distmiluted loads, om unio only vasa \oad . | Point load on latent sunfece; es P latenal Sunface. es w Kr|X CLASSIFICATION OF FoRce SYSTEM! The types of Gace system one’ \y coplaneen fesrce System | ak Non coplanan Femce systeny ay collinean Comce System. | coptanon feace system! | Th ti00 on mone ferces ome ackna ina single plane then it iS Said to be a coplanen ferce SySterm. The types of coplanan fomnce system one) AY Coplanen conccmment force system by coplanan men concumnent force system Cou eae ane poanallel force system. TE toe or mome ferces ame achn in aw single plane and thein tines of actton pass though single point , then it ¢s said to be a Coplanen eonoumment Kexce System: Th all veces one meeting ot a point it 7s Converging and TF atl Rvees ane maciot 9 from @ point is diverging,TR +200 or cove Povces ome acting 1na Hagle single plan€ and thei lines of achon olo net meet at acommen point then fevrces constitute Qa Coplanan men Concunmnent ferce System ie ) TE too oy move forces one aching | single aplane with thein lines of action ibis said T° +em. sem is of "nm qponallel +0 ene anethen Men | be Coptanen onallel Levee sys | =the ceplanan pemallel Force sys coo Types" wh Lilee pomatlel Free aystem. AN" Athe Fovces er) pea\els Tomem PO en gt CIES the Same dimection « I a Ditt¥ unlike panallel fovee system mi! The Feces act qomatlel to one anothen, tot Seme of the ferces— have theim tine of action in opresite Ainection: | Fy ie | | fetes iS ay Non coplancr free syetern | Now = | Th +e or raane forces one acti diffenen} planes, the fomces Constitute TON™ Coplanan ferce system. such fivce system J con be cf Follecoing tyPes: | aX Non coplanom eoneunment Ferce system ia by Neon coplanan nen concunnent Fevce System cy Non coplane pomallel Corce gystem. Eee cwmetcicon mos) +0)oxG rnove Forces aching on difenent Plones but pass thneuy same peint then i+ ts said +o be Aoncoplanan Corcunment Ferce system:=f > > TP tia or mome ferces cme acting on dillerent planes but Clo net pass Haneugh the sare point they constitute a HON coplancn Mon Concumnment Foy ce system. Te +90 Ww moe Forces ane acting in ldefeenent planes And ane Parallel +oone anethen the system is Serich 40 be Aon Coplanan qpemallel Crce system - aycollineson Covee systero: Sern Nem ine ot actnen Ot Giro Ouseoys eaOne Bnces coincide witt ene enctoren tr tS Called coflineon kevce system. — SF,Wen Collinean force systern, TF tines of acton of Fees do cot Ceincide with one anothen iS Called non-collinean Fevce System . F Es + Puincip le of physiced Andependence: The pamincipe states that the action of a Fece on the body is ret affectect by the action of ony cthen Force On the body: @& Zt States SEE numben of Fevees ane Simultancosly acting en a Portticle, then each moe & them coill pmectuce the Same effect tohich i} ooull Fave done while acting alone or inderendentty." e enlmoigts Ch Giiscalestinion The tavd States “The action of given system of FrxceS on a stigia beck eill th no War Change if we add w subtmact From ten Cnc BS ster = cs I e@uillibyiuny BUSTS SUSTI Se elincipte Of Amansmissibil: thy of Forces: this Paincipe states Hut a Rwce can be fmansmitedt Aman one point +o anethen point along the same line 6f action auch -that the effect pmeducest by Force on a bedy merai unchangeck « Wrtmecluction 456 St units The international system of units iS the modenn Form of metmnic system and {s +e most cotclely useck System of meas unement TE compstses a cohenent aystern of untks of measunement built on Seven tase units, sr base units: ae Unit Quanhity nwame Sy mbol name - | Metme m Jength | | wil my] ‘loge: | a | mass second | S$ | time { mene a [Electric | | Cosmet Palit | kK Thermody ramic tempecnotunc | oe + C mol “aAmeunt-° role | Substance fandeto ca J hemineys RaNcasue) ( | Ee eer —y Homemt= of afevce: ae of farce about a pein of tts motttioal Cfhect . Moment as pmecduct of magnitude fH kevee and Penrerdiculan distance of point From 1iNe of action of Lovce. The point about considened is aalleck moment cartme Penpencdiatlan clistance of point Faem line of acHon & Lvce ia called momavt anm. IS +he Measune is heFine eohich moment iS anal —% Couple’ Tee eaual | apresite ancl pose lle! forces Peach tute a couple. i [ieee OLE ek ames 7 eC =r Moment ef a couple: aoe effect produced By nt Of The. motetienal | Bvces Sorta Coo pemsieallere o™ couple: eet) coue lar Fra: yz ChonactenisHes of Couple. iy The algebraic gum ef feces constituting the Coupe i Zero: ay the algebic Sum ef cagments of Fexces constituting the couple, About ane point 1s Caual $0 moment OF Couple itselF -@ [sx Mcovple can be betlancecl by only an ecual ancl oppastte couple in Same plane , by The moment cf couple is constant fer any rpoint cheesen In Plane of Couple. sy Any two couples Whose moments core eaQual anck ame of Same siqn ane Ceuivalent yr Fauivelent fovee couple system | B ? KE a F100 / | : Ay) | s / | /) | | c\ooky ib | e = Px wi Prion when a free 18 neplacect oe oa frce anc moment at a point Ss Known AS eatiwalent: Race couple Suster Fz toon~R | Numenical problems on moment of feces | and couples! \y Betcnmine +he moment of toon Force actng on tne mad as shown in Figure lad about O- loo! ee w ae ee a: [Selo The meanimet ferce can be eavily obtained by meselving the Ferce into two culan +e the compenents onatlel & perpers* med as Sheon in Fg below * | 00 530 joasirgd J 00? Me, = leOSinso Exo > Qoo n-m Ca ea : 4 jv Detrenmine the angle Rev which lager of BOON Fevce Shown in Fig ys mari man labeut ©- Also Find manimun rooment ero ei| Ee ween ct Soon) force wotl! be enarcinaun, aicout © eohen i+ is applied pemperdicu lan 4o tine OA as Shown in Figure: Length of can be obtainecl esa cagine mule. asawe = (Genz loo? —oAs also) C100) (oats OBO a= aoe" en QB0:Ce5n> em 0206 05using sine sutle | toD , 30619 SInB sintto” Bravos +B 230° are go- 2163 S6agv Moron ® SOO* C1206 = 103: 25.565" rey 2 Determine the angle © @ses 180") ee she force F TROON Shown in Figure: SO yh pmoduces a) Marimum ae tatout A Ree eae momen aii tine Aieout A on petenmire the my moment FAA KCEMEND ooo Fr200rv | } 3m | A Ps = ie s = Br selon. solo. Geto Preauce imam moment eae Guce F=200N Mash be icon 12 AB oa» Shen:Let x be angle made toy ferce with hovizontal as shown: Rmem SABC aanx = 513 xX = S30" ous tBO-e e < (8° -S30 [e=med | The penpendiatlon fa Face © Rromrroint oi ah [arse = S831 Mat moment About A is a Mine = eae S831 = eest=" nine) sy ae eam) enoment of F coillpoe | @btained when F acts alens the line AS as Sewn tn FQ - Bg a FcRnoon Eat y a Cc aFaem Alcagc 4tan@ =.3|s @=30'964" As line of achHon of fvce Passes Hough A, HS Moment atbout A IS zeno + Minin =2 Ine Find the croment of Ferce F=600N About A as Shown in Fig: JP S6OON | L5 30" o Ke Oram o3mMoment oF the force aan be o lacs BS FESSIN rg given force as Shown in Fig ; Mg = Ceo case’) (o18) — Cecasin30') Co+3) Bgan Bam 87 Find the moment of Soon Fecce cibet the points A,B, C&D as Shewn in Figuwe Seon __ 30 AE a oe am BM" | 2 | [es j. “Tm . enw acc! SAO TE fad moment of Soon Force we mesolve ferce OS Sho@N In Cig HSCCESiIN3 © oo em & ay BA fue o ead: (sooSin3o0) (6) = 4 Soclaian d. = —Cso00ce$3e) G2) + (Soo Sin30) Ce) a 6233°91NeM Ma, c 623-9TN-™m,) MMMe 2 7 C50 0cas%0) C3) + CScasin30) Ce) = +FA00 -I6N-04 Mer 200.96 N- my Numenical Problems on Fauivalent force Couple System, Y Replace the given fecce by a Force anck Couple. moment ct “e,!@ | Aery force of mag nitucle Goon in both on nae Oe Hons ato! femalliel +o given Fecce Osh : Two Fovcey of magnitude becom is & couple ™ ma Pater eweteect of thot age Mo? Me = 6OO% SA = Force GOON miemaing Os Bea): fevce couple BlIson=n , The other Mp &G00r form eanivatent system + gven Eve ye =o couple system or Ol. Sov ey Replace the Cauivalent force goto Sow A t | \ | | | | sor ee Qs 2 aN | MoApoly fecce of magnitude Son) In both imectons at o Penallel +o given Force crt a Trios fevces of rragniteacte con Cam a covple and -+tne effect of that is % couple Aament J mome My Ms Soxl =Som-m The othen Force Son = emains aa it 1¢ Mo & SON fore eauivalent Ferce Covele Systeny Hence tre Fore is meplaced y % Couple moment & forceMeouLa—s MoeuLE- ) Anacusis OF Concurrent Fores Systems ees aN LOCKE Seems WY Concepts: Resultants ancl Eauilli brium Composition of Lovcest The paocessé of combining a system oo &vces oan On a becly ancl meplacing the Same by sing e fee to Cause the same effect ig Known as Compositiem fevces, The single Feces will have same translational ancl notational effect as that of system of Covces . ‘Resultant! Ft can be defined as asingle cae ce eae can meplace a system of fonces acting on a wecly. R Fy FLeveats = res Sees, eS Aiiben of fomees acting on a body as Shown rr &g above. A Force R can sreplace tHe fances +o cause Same +rmanstationot anc motatonal effect: The aingle fomce fe! is calleck mesulttant Composition of coplanar coneusuen* Compes MESSE SE ee force system uns Ce oy, ie foar eg —-— 2 re XC X of Fs | hv F | S i 4 ly @& concusmnent force Compesitton of eoplaner, ON : system 1S Fre process of deren ion a single Cancer corte Cag meplace ct System of coplanar SS ACUTE a ferce system: Besotiame ee Coplanco: Benmeronent force System 1S given by Magnitude R= aoe zRye i ee eee eeee a Dimettion © = tan! | psp ai tohene EFpr Algebraic sum of bonizental forces Q homizontal comporents of Fyce system: ihe Algebraic Sum eC yentical fomces & Vertical components of force syste (Let -F, Fa Fa Fg © Fe be number of forees CD a as Shen dn Pig cove - Guerre 2 xr —eneplace tae Corcesto Sas ecametransletionat & erotrti onel-effect he " Single-Porce—R—Fs Catted—sesubaet \ Posallelegran lao of fecces'. wera 5 \esOmmolmice cas stetes thet ona TFesrallel oy nounment Feyces acting "Tp +wo Co! bedy ane mepresentect ky 4wo sides & a panalletogrvam sheisr mesu tent can be nepnesented ey the cliagonal of the parertlelogrram Peo Cem eto Ne ON Omy point of fomces boty In magnitude % . Sl dimecton:ad | Fo. pee es / vy : Beer a. 8 eC mt Fig asta Fig 23 Co) Considen +00 forces F, & Fa acting on a ‘poanticle as shen in Pea asta): Let the angie between the too forces be 9 rf pomallelogvam ABO iS constsurccted os shou in ara) asd) with AB mepmesentt FR ancl AB mepmesent CQ eters scale: Accondting 40 pone llelog var lero of Forces AC mepmesents The Enesu thant ee nee peneencdiculan ce to Ag Neon eesolbant= 1 ce Ne pedipaem> ewer By Reac = Jnc®+ce® ee i J castee)y ce Rot AB=F, BE =GCcese = Faces" G& cCe=Bcsing = Fa sing: R= Sora racose)® 4+ (asine)>= J Fe4 ah Fcase + rescaeron = sino [Ps R24 4 a + Csiro 4c08%6)4 AF E,CoSO vA et *+ar HAF, Facose | the inclination of Fexce FF, iS given by ice voheme Begtaee Cle Fasind AE —— F+Facose thes = tan”! Fasind F+fgcase Panticasler cases! sca CE RECASEE “y when 8 =90° fac uy when e=0 FY Fo a Ea = Rahs} iy when © = (0° Re [Fa ant ra (es e=G-s) ; aN ark Cc) Feninciple of mesolved posts’ [=e =e x p Fhe pmocess\ of pees given force jnto «6s components Coty hostitontel & ution of Nentical) +6 \cngwon OS mnesol Fomces- Encactty iHon | ean be emple eee pmocess of compesi sue +e get whe reso we h Conce. Fo this Las anc poly goral poms of O given mevense of teviangle be used: tans Cosell. LS |” A TH a RS Ca) the given fomce © is mesolvecd into +r90 Components cise | angles xX 2B with F- | In Fig g.stb) the fooce F 1S MES components Fr & olvect into its mectang lar Fy° BIacn Fig a-5ld y the Fomce © is mesolvedt vato | foun components Fi, Rm. & the Numenical Problems: five coplanan fovees ane actin at @ geint as Shown in fig. Detenmine the mesvu Itant in mag nituole & obi meotion: ySoln! Trelination of QS5o0n fonce eoltt, snespect to Ke aris 6, > ton(S) . 69-036 \ 6 tRs = Clone asys) +(LSOSiN30 ) ~€-g00sin3s’) ~ Cisseese’) - (asocas 59:03') fH, -Ctoasinus) 4 (1s0cas30) 4 C300cesas’) -(isssing’) ~ Casosinss-02) 5 +ais-198N (p) . = [a {ey® yi ay* Je-s03.138)%4 Covs-795)° R= 8VIN ©: ga 2] 2 tao"! |crals:198) oo C-303 (-309 +138) ” w m ow AP 3hFoun Coplanon fomces aching at a point ane MMoisa in Cio: ‘ome eater Patoes lis unk¥nocon & its magnitude eration! ey Pp The mesultant has a magnitude of Soon cas Ce along K-anis Detenmine Nncmececl © & its imolinaunogm =? X-ats - From gine data Pa ae SOON Peos@= -1a6'Q —@ | EF, = Mosinhs * too +PsiINe — L.008iN30 = O eo Psine = — 202° -~@ ® +O sine = 20:20 _ E = SE Soe. 4-6 Pcose ~126:2joo wimes ane attached +6 a bolf in@ pull e@xenteot by bolt en ~ fundaten’ ~ eee 3S00n Pa ie as -chewn in Gq. Determine the | ! Foundation 1 i Vi Resu Hant of given Brees is exented by bolt on Foundation the pull ZR = B800casiS° — €600cas10° | = -A899.aN <— ome 3800 8SNIS + 6600SinI0 = +21a9.6N f ie Sie eRe (-a8ad -a)*+4 C9199-6)* 83Ekl« 1Q2N gules | = 36.96" (-23a3-6) =MopuLne -B]- ANALYSIS OF NON -CONCUR RENT FoRceE SUsTEMSs Concepts: Res banks ancl Fou lli byi um pesitten of ceplanan nen conaument Ryce system ‘ a syste of ferceg acting en tne same ot diffFenent Points 'S plane and actin uswiemt Ferce Knevion 8S Coplanam nem cone Qa system of System The perocess of combinin Coplanan non -concursrent fevces spo Find single Eerce causing aimilan effect as Arar of ot —# |Fvce Sustenn 1S Icnotwn GS Compesition nonconasment ferce System . | coplanen of coplanan mon Conese OT Se a | | eauillbeier force system: MOM Conaunnewrt Gerce A ceplanon system is gata to FE IN eau Niet Me eye RS, Vanignon's Mheorem Venignen's theorer of moments Stetes ted | S+tne algeloroic Sum of cnoments of Fradovscluc| Covees of a fovce System easal to te moment of point ! akout lio. point is” hein mesuitant about the Sameg \ | | | ' fe WK 78, a ES cer 8S het PAR be too ferces oxcting ot point A. R be thera stesultant- Censiclen the coavelinale axis ag shown iA Figure: Let @ be point along YsaxiS: © be Jinctination of mesultant volt; meseect to X-ants - BB,=4, oF Fxvces PO , PR ER mespecttve Is . Memo of aacaultent IS wilia ISScer iS Ba AGKR, competing O ae Moment clue to R= Sum of moments die to P,aQ- TeResuttant of coplanan non concusnnent force Sustern is given by Mognituce Jengvene Dimechon OF tan! F =| Fesition of mesultant x -yntencert = Ve ee satencee + es a ee eo enCorpesitten of. Namenical Rneblems on Coplan OpPlanay AEM cancustent vce Syston VY | Fav the non conceement coptanan Gece system shown in Peg une TDetenmine the EORtD ly ude, Aimectton andl mesitton of with mefenence to the wesultant Force loo ley aco (Rw aw ~ 7 F800 ~SO +(a.00 FS cash s |) = 39 SSN 7 = joo -CasofgsinuS) = IH ISN mba BEY 1 oH ve mis, Ws. Bs | oe VERSES = iss 55) C- lug s)* nRe bQodIN Djmecio ©= ten"! (-tuurSS\) eon oe 39 9S Pesition of sme@Su\rent - Faking moment about A \4 Ceaoess sinus) 4 J 2Mp= —Ctooxa)+ (200% 4 > VS gts USIX-intencept = : ere | = 10-85. my Gtu4-g5) ee VY - intencep t cel _| 1679-19 ae) ee | =|) eS 2th) x Pana = ale SM,_| | 1S a : eal | 7 3 15 nr S8e DUB hte BS 2 WToany a -jntencept sale -1450:S84) =KY] Three forces Gon, RON & lS0N act at Vertces of @ triangle ABC as Shown in Find the mesulant of D on BC. Fird AB=BCHCA = 36cm. he System. Lecate point distance of Ep fmemc. Bow Sb > 3ocm NI \B0 si vies 12 4EsSN > SS oe = —60F BOCOSEO + 130 caSG0" = =F, = | se, = +808'N6O — IZOSINGO = HE esn4t | J Cae ae Gui [eS | casei) a aS. o> tar! | CuS3) 7 2 ane" 65S = fo a | BON Taking moment about RB =My = Cigosingéo °x36) = 33 9TSN —Mx Sr U =) 3307 5} 3 F | 5 SPS6C™ 655 O Dis oka aAistance of gi co ey >R. Sete eS the bovce, compute re nesutant of mesutank Ponce a el the By sigil plate as Shown in Figunt: ot €orces and ieee toittr stespect tO certtotei oe Soler Dokn plate: holcey