CHAPTER 5

ANIMATION

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5

 CONTENTS

Introduction to Computer-
generated
01 Animation
02 Animation

Animation File Making

Successful
03 Formats
04 Animations

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Computer generated Animation-
Animation Technique
Animation process
The steps to be followed in creating animation are:
• Organize the execution in a series of logical steps – flowchart, storyboard.
• Choose an animation tool best suited for the job.
• Build and tweak (making fine adjustment) the sequences.
• Post-process the completed animation by doing any special renderings and
adding sound effects.

https://www.wearecognitive.com/our-process
CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5
Computer generated Animation-
Animation Technique
Cel Animation
The animation techniques made famous by Disney use a series of progressively
different graphics or cels on each frame of movie film (which plays at 24 frames per
second).
• The term cel derives from the clear celluloid sheets that were used for drawing
each frame, which have been replaced today by layers of digital imagery.
• Cels of famous animated cartoons have become sought-after, suitable-for-
framing collector’s items.

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5

Computer generated Animation-
Animation Technique
Cel Animation (cont.)
• Cel animation begins with keyframes.
• Keyframes refer to the first and the last frame of an action.
• The frames in between the keyframes are drawn in the tweening process.
• Tweening is an action the action that takes place between keyframes, that
requires calculating the number of frames between keyframes and the path the
action takes.

http://williamstechclasses.weebly.com/digital-visualization/archives/09-2015

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5

Computer generated Animation -
• Computer animation is very similar to cel animation.
• The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by the animator and how
much is automatically generated by the software.

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5

Computer generated Animation - Kinematics
• Computer animation is very similar to cel animation.
• The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by the animator and how
much is automatically generated by the software.

https://brief01.wordpress.com/author/jonathanmcready1/ https://avatarblog.typepad.com/avatar-blog/2010/05/behind-the-
scenes-look-at-the-motion-capture-technology-used-in-avatar.html

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Morphing
• Morphing is an effect in which a still or moving image is transformed into
another.

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Animation File Formats
• .dir and .dcr - Director files.
• .fli and .flc - AnimatorPro files.
• .max - 3D Studio Max files.
• .pics - SuperCard and Director
files.
• .fla and .swf - Flash files.
• .qt and .mov -QuickTime
CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5
GIF89a file format:
• It is a version of the GIF image
format.
• GIF89a allows multiple images
to be put into a single file and
then be displayed as an
animation in the Web browser.
• Applications like BoxTop
Software's GIFmation or
ULead's GIF Animator are
needed to create GIF89a
animation.
Making successful Animations
• Use animation carefully and sparingly.
• High quality animations require superior display platforms and hardware,
as well as raw computing horsepower.
• File compression is very important when preparing animation files for the
Web.

Some animation tools are:

Adobe's Flash AutoDesk’s Maya Papervision3D

3D Studio Max NewTek's Lightwave

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Tweening Basics –
Rolling and Bouncing Ball

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Summary
Animation is visual change over time and adds great power to
multimedia.

Cel animation uses a series of progressively different graphics on

each frame of movie film.

Computer animation has eased the process of creating

animation.

Many file formats are designed specifically to contain animation.

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5

Congratulations.

You have completed Chapter 5:

Animation.

CSC413 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA | CHAPTER 5