6.

2 KIT /ɪ/

6.2.3 Full length

big, bin, bridge, fin, fridge, give, grin, king, lid, pig, pin, ring, sing, skin, slim, quiz, spin,
spring, sting, string, swim, swing, thin, thing, tin, twig, twin, wig, win, wind, wing

6.2.4 Clipped

bit, brick, brisk, chick, chip, click, cliff, clip, crisp, dip, dish, drip, fish, fist, fit, fix, gift, flip,
hip, hiss, hit, kick, knit, lift, lip, list, miss, mist, mix, myth, pick, quick, quit, rich, rip, risk,
shift, ship, sick, sit, six, slip, stick, stiff, switch, this, trick, trip, twist, which, whip, wish,
wrist, zip

6.2.5 Full length vs. clipped

bid/bit, grid/grit, hid/hit, his/hiss, pig/pick, ridge/rich, wig/wick, kid/kit, lid/lit, slid/slit,
nib/nip, rib/rip

6.2.10 Sentences

1 Phil’s as fit as a fiddle.

2 Fill in the missing lyrics.

3 Isobel drinks skimmed milk.

4 Did Dylan win the competition?

5 Bridget lived in Italy for six years.

6 This put him in a difficult position.

7 Jim’s kids are sick of chicken dinners.

8 Fish and chips is originally an English dish.

9 Christopher and Imogen are kindred spirits.

10 Jill didn’t stick her fingers in the biscuit tin!

 11 The living conditions in the inner city are abysmal.

12 Lydia lives in a little village in the middle of England.

13 Melissa’s interested in the history of English literature.

14 Will Patricia give me her quick recipe for ginger biscuits?

15 My dictionary of English idioms went missing within fifteen minutes.

16 In my opinion Jim’s quick thinking, but I think Sid’s pretty dim-witted.

17 Who was commissioned to build the bridge across the Mississippi River?

18 My little sister’s a bitter cynic, and my big sister’s an interfering busybody.

19 It’s fulfilled his ambition of becoming a minister in the Department of Business,

Innovation and Skills.

20 We established a statistically significant difference between English and Finnish

children.
6.3 FOOT /ʊ/

6.3.3 Full length

could, good, hood, should, stood, wood/would

6.3.4 Clipped

book, look, took, cook, hook, crook, rook, shook, brook, nook, foot, soot, put, bush, push,
woof

6.3.5 Full length vs. clipped

could/cook, hood/hook, should/shook, wood/woof

6.3.9 Sentences

1 He was hooked on books.

2 Kirundi’s spoken in Burundi.

3 She stood barefoot in the brook.

4 The bully pushed him into the bush.

5 The crooks pulled down their hoods.

6 I would if I could, but it’s just no good.

7 I bought woollen cushions in Pembroke.

8 The bulldogs chased him into the woods.

9 The cooking courses are all fully booked.

10 We picked bushels and bushels of mushrooms.

11 The bullfight was held at the Acapulco bullring.

12 He was a footballer before he became a butcher.

13 He fully understood why she’d put her foot down.

 14 It would be good if you could put a full stop there.

15 He took a good look at her and then shook his head.

16 I didn’t know whether to push him away or pull him closer.

17 My cuckoo clock stopped because the pendulum was crooked.

18 Could you cook a gooseberry pudding without putting sugar in?

19 The book looks at the bully’s journey from childhood to manhood.

20 The football club’s full name is the Wolverhampton Wanderers, but they’re known as
the Wolves.
6.4 DRESS /e/

6.4.2 Full length

bed, bread, dead, edge, egg, end, fed, friend, head, hedge, leg, lend, pen, red, said, send, shed,
spend, spread, ten, when

6.4.3 Clipped

best, bet, breath, check, chest, deaf, death, debt, desk, dress, fetch, fresh, get, guess, left, less,
let, mess, neck, nest, net, next, pet, rest, step, stretch, sweat, test, wet, yes

6.4.4 Full length vs. clipped

bed/bet, led/let, dead/debt, edge/etch, wed/wet, said/set, peg/peck, rev/ref

6.4.5 Retracted before dark /l/

bell, sell/cell, fell, gel, hell, shell, smell, tell, well, weld, self, shelf, elk, elm, help, else, belt,
felt, melt

6.4.9 Sentences

1 Beth has no sense of adventure.

2 The men were mending the nets.

3 The desert stretched out endlessly.

4 Ellen and Emma were best friends.

5 How can I tell if the eggs are fresh?

6 Ken has no dress sense whatsoever!

7 The breathalyser test proved negative.

8 Ted’s bed and breakfast is exceptional.

 9 Fred says he regularly gets death threats.

10 The hotel was excellent in every respect.

11 Derek wasn’t ready to accept these tenets.

12 Dennis places a heavy emphasis on ethics.

13 Jenny made several perceptive suggestions.

14 Benjamin and Betty went everywhere together.

15 The empty desk suggested that Jeremy had left.

16 I’ll never forget the expression on Edward’s face.

17 Megan’s always one step ahead of everyone else.

18 The elections are scheduled for December the seventh.

19 These sectors are heavily dependent on technology.

20 We had a very helpful attendant at the check-in desk.

6.5 TRAP /æ/

6.5.3 Full length

add, bad, badge, bag, band, bang, cab, can, drag, fan, gang, glad, grand, hand, hang, jam,
have, land, man, pan, plan, rag, sad, sand, stand, van

6.5.4 Clipped

axe, back, bat, black, cash, cat, catch, chat, clap, crash, flash, flat, gap, gas, hat, lap, map,
mat, match, pat, rat, scratch, snap, tap, tax, track, trap, wrap

6.5.5 Full length vs. clipped

add/at, bad/bat, badge/batch, bag/back, cab/cap, had/hat, rag/rack, lab/lap, plaid/plait,

slab/slap, tab/tap, fad/fat, pad/pat, sad/sat, lag/lack, sag/sack, snag/snack, tag/tack

6.5.10 Sentences

1 Pack your bags.

2 Amanda was in absolute agony.

3 Andrew landed flat on his back.

4 Thanks for clarifying the matter.

5 Pat and Jack catch rabbits in traps.

6 Anna has a natural talent for languages.

7 Alan has a callous attitude towards cats.

8 My granddad had a massive heart attack.

9 Barry’s a happily married family man.

10 Has Patrick got an accurate map of Japan?

11 Can you see the animal tracks in the sand?

12 The manager valiantly tackled the challenge.

13 Matthew was very practical and matter of fact.

14 Natasha understands how to handle the matter.

15 Annabel patted Janet on the back and dashed off.

16 Catherine wore a black jacket and a matching hat.

17 Sebastian still has panic attacks after his accident.

18 The sandwiches were packed in a plastic carrier bag.

19 Larry wrapped Alice in a blanket and carried her back.

20 Joanna had exams, so we had to cancel our plans to go camping.

6.6 STRUT /ʌ/

6.6.3 Full length

blood, bud, bug, bun, buzz, club, come, crumb, cub, drug, drum, flood, fun, fund, gun, judge,
jug, love, mud, plug, rub, rug, run, son/sun, sponge, stuff, suck, thumb, tongue, young

6.6.4 Clipped

blush, bust, crush, cup, cut, duck, dust, hut, luck, nut, rough, rush, shut, suck, touch, tough,
trust

6.6.5 Full length vs. clipped

bud/but, bug/buck, buzz/bus, cub/cup, lug/luck, pub/pup, cud/cut, tug/tuck, mud/mutt,

dug/duck, mug/muck, rug/ruck

6.6.10 Sentences

1 Just my luck!

2 My husband loves currant buns.

3 Justin was unintentionally funny.

4 Don’t be upset. It was just for fun.

5 Just dump the rubbish in the dustbin.

6 Douglas suffered the ultimate insult.

7 My son’s truck got stuck in the mud.

8 The country was inundated by floods.

9 The young thug was covered in blood.

10 The gunfire rumbled like dull thunder.

11 Russell finds lumpy custard disgusting.

12 Russian and Dutch are my mother tongues.

13 Button mushrooms are cultivated in Hungary.

14 There are dozens of cups and mugs in the cupboard.

15 My cousin has become reluctant to trust other adults.

16 We indulged in a sumptuous Sunday lunch at the pub.

17 I subsequently discovered the company had gone bust.

18 The conductor grunted: ‘Hurry up, love. Jump on the bus.’

19 For a month the government was unable to run the country.

20 You can indulge in another cup of coffee at the touch of a button.

6.7 LOT /ɒ/

6.7.3 Full length

blob, bog, clog, cod, dog, fog, job, knob, lodge, log, mob, nod, odd, plod, pod, prod, rob, rod,
snob, sob, solve

6.7.4 Clipped

block, boss, box, clock, cloth, cost, cot, cough, crop, cross, dock, dot, drop, fox, frost, hop,
hot, knock, lock, loss, lost, lot, mock, mop, moss, moth, not, off, plot, pop, rock, rot, shock,
shop, shot, sock, soft, spot, top, want, wash, wasp, watch, what, yacht

6.7.5 Full length vs. clipped

clog/clock, cod/cot, dog/dock, flog/flock, log/lock, mob/mop, nod/not, plod/plot, hob/hop,

pod/pot, rod/rot, trod/trot, frog/frock

6.7.10 Sentences

1 Joshua watched in horror.

2 It’s a long shot, but why not?

3 They dropped an atomic bomb.

4 Dorothy has a soft spot for Oscar.

5 Tom’s got a copy of the document.

6 Poverty’s a complex phenomenon.

7 Molly got Bob a box of chocolates.

8 The box fell off the top of the lorry.

9 This shop sells top quality products.

10 John got a job in the Foreign Office.

11 Do you want coffee or hot chocolate?

12 Roger’s job prospects are promising.

13 Dominic’s a properly qualified doctor.

14 Horace Walpole was the first Gothic novelist.

15 Thomas had forgotten he’d lost his stopwatch.

16 Colin longed for a holiday on the Costa del Sol.

17 Oliver and Donna watched Top of the Pops online.

18 A majority of the respondents opted for the soft option.

19 How do we solve the problems of poverty and inequality?

20 Lots of Scots claim they’ve spotted the Loch Ness Monster.