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Abstract. The core idea of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology was revealed a long time ago. The main
technology under development at the time was time-division multiplexing (TDM) technology, which consisted of
synchronous switching based on the sequence number of bytes in the integrated frame. The main disadvantage
of TDM technology, also known as synchronous transport module (STM) synchronous transmission technology,
is the inability to reallocate the bandwidth of the integrated channel between subchannels. During those periods
when no user data is sent on the subchannel, the aggregated channel still sends the bytes of this subchannel filled
with zeros. Efforts to load sub channels’ idle periods necessitate the introduction of a header for each subchannel’s
data. In intermediate statistical time-division multiplexing (STDM) technology, which allows idle periods to be
filled by transmitting bursts of traffic from other sub channels, headers that actually have a subchannel number
are introduced. In this paper, the strategic analysis and operation of technologies used in multiservice networks
were discussed. Simultaneously, the structure of data sets is drawn into sets resembling computer networks. The
fact that each packet has an address allows it to be transmitted asynchronously since its location relative to data on
other subchannels is not its address. Asynchronous packets from one subchannel are inserted into the free time slots
of another subchannel, but they are not mixed with the data of this subchannel because they have their own address.
Keywords: ATM, TDM, synchronous, switching, transmission, subchannels, STDM, multiservice networks.
47
48 T. Kiruthiga and A. Vaniprabha
of color TV images requires bandwidths in the region of packet-switched (IP) technology [8]. It is distinguished
30 Mbps [15–17]. ISDN technology cannot support such by the reliability characteristics of telephone networks (in
speeds, and this is not a major problem for ATM [18]. contrast to the non-guaranteed quality of communication
ATM standards are developed by a group of organizations on the Internet) and provides a low transmission cost per
known as the ATM Forum under the auspices of an Insti- unit of information (closer to the cost of data transmission
tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ad hoc on the Internet) [9]. Generally speaking, the main task of
committee and ITU-T and ANSI committees [19]. multiservice networks is to ensure the operation of hetero-
ATM is a very complex technology that requires stan- geneous information and telecommunication systems and
dardization in various aspects, therefore, although the applications by allowing the transmission of normal traffic
main core of standards was adopted, standardization work (data) and traffic of other types of information (voice,
is actively underway [20, 21]. All interested parties partici- video, etc.) in the same traffic environment [20]. A single
pate in the ATM Forum—telecom equipment manufactur- infrastructure is used.
ers, equipment manufacturers, local area networks (LANs), PON is a technology with a common data transmission
telecom network operators, and network integrators [22]. medium; therefore, separate streams of information must
PON is a highly promising broadband multiservice tech- be encrypted [21]. This may reduce the effective transfer
nology for transmitting data to multiple subscribers using rate and not protect the information from physical damage.
optical fiber [23, 24]. This networking method has become Diagnosing problems in the system between separators is
popular due to its clear advantages in speed and transfer difficult [22].
rates; and room for improvement [25]. The main difference When choosing a professional installer, it is impor-
between PON and other optical systems is the use of only tant to remember that network problems are minimized
passive equipment in the entire area, from the core module to ensure proper installation, condition monitoring, and
that transmits and receives information streams to the end complete service [23]. Ethernet passive optical network
user [26, 27]. (EPON), which is based on Ethernet technology, is the
That means no active switches, routers, media con- next generation of passive networks. Currently, gigabit
verters, multiplexers, or other equipment that requires passive optical network (GPON) is the most modern, con-
additional power or maintenance [28]. In a PON system, venient, and promising system for building large branch
an optical splitter (splitter, multiplexer, or PLC) is used to networks [24].
split a stream into multiple subscribers. With its help, a GPON is based on the synchronous digital hierarchy
transceiver module [junction box, switch cabinet, optical (SDH) platform [generic framing procedure (GFP) proto-
line termination (OLT)] can distribute the signal to unlim- col] and allows up to 64 subscribers to connect to one
ited consumers—all this depends on its power and speed transmitting module at a distance of 20 km [25]. The use
indicators [29, 30]. of splitters and connectors increases the range to 60 km.
One of the most significant trends in the telecommuni- The average transfer speed reaches 2.5 Gb, although it
cations market is the growing popularity of multiservice is technically possible to create a system that can reach
communication networks [31]. In past years, the services speeds of 4–10 Gb/s in each direction [26].
of such networks were primarily aimed at intensive busi- In particular, it lacks specific TDM support, timing, and
ness development, cost optimization, business process security switching functions. Such a system works well
automation, modern management methods, and organiza- for smaller operators that focus on Internet protocol (IP)
tions [32]. The most effective use of multiservice networks traffic, including IPTV. In general, the choice of technology
is found in traditional telecommunications operators, thus to build or upgrade a passive fiber-optic network depends
significantly expanding the range of services offered [33]. on customer conditions, subscriber needs, and develop-
For the corporate market, unifying all remote segments ment opportunities [35]. The installer should thoroughly
into a single pulse service network increases the efficiency examine the original data in order to select the technology
of information transfer by an order of magnitude, ensur- and create an optimal plan for the future PON [36].
ing data availability at any time [34, 35]. Thanks to the Often, a tree-like PON network topology is used for
ability to exchange large amounts of data between offices, residential premises. It optimizes fiber utilization by plac-
we can organize conference calls and video conferences ing as many subscribers as possible on one cable [37].
with remote departments [36]. All of this speeds up the Depending on the final number of users and the needs of
organization’s response to changes and ensures real-time the network, the stream can be branched into one or more
control of all processes [37]. layer levels [38].
With fewer numbers, it is easier to maintain the system
LITERATURE REVIEW and perform necessary repairs, and there is less loss in
speed and data volume for the end user [39]. However,
A multiservice network is a multipurpose environment a multilevel system allows the creation of precise settings
designed to transmit voice, images, and data using that make the network more responsive to customer needs.
Synchronous Transmission in Communication Networks 49
PROPOSED MODEL
CONCLUSION
Figure 5. Comparison of capacity management.
In general, the topology is selected from various options
and the actual conditions of the design based on the prin-
ciple of maximum convenience for subscribers. Another
existing change is GEPON technology. It can be called
very economical, but this advantage means some costs in
comparison with GPON networks.
Corporate clients have a lot of demand for telephone
connections, high-speed Internet access, audio and video
conferencing, and alarm and telemetry systems. These are
large holdings with geographically distant branches and
subdivisions, companies that use remote automated ter-
minals (ATMs, vending machines). These are telemedicine
systems of different levels and organizations with mobile
communications, distributed offices, switching centers,
and base stations that can be connected to a multiservice
network.
In addition, our country does not have a powerful
multi-gigabit backbone infrastructure or well-developed
subscriber networks. It is necessary to completely change
the business model for operators, and a large territory
and uneven solution depending on the geography and
Figure 6. Comparison of optimum utilization management. population of a particular region require careful selection
of technologies and their combination.
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