Experiment Na RESISTANCE PERE UNIT LENGTH OF THE WIRE ‘ies: Devinn of esate er wit ength of vem wits Y guns Ra Roses | ap a set verses pte een. ae [Apparatess A ie ofukaown estan, bry. Volimett, ammctet, PE 2 nee ndheont and mere scale ‘Ohm's Lave: The electric coment flowing though a conduct > Terence arose ends of ths BR -Resiance wie Giscal coniins 310 Principle eaty proportional wo the potential i Observation: odin when temperate and other 0 Length ofthe wie, = m ee Where & = resistance ofthe wie Js poteta | vn ale of the graph of cuTent Yess Aiference ‘Tabular Colum TriatNo | TinAmpee | Vin Volt Hi | fi 2) Resistance per unit eng = raced 1) Thecomytons are made as shown inthe ici itm Curent 1 and 2) The sheos is adjusted fora particular value of curt I comespontng voltage V are noted |) The export i epeated fr diflret vals of uct Land the reaines se abul = 4) A gph plowed between V and taking Von sand Tom y-axis, The lope ats raph is oun es the resistance R oF the '5) The teil ofthe slope is calelated which wiv 6) The leno te esistance wir fs measured 4) Then ance perunitlngiho be wie. ice oo | —_—— co 7 srurTr Scanned with CamScannerResults Resistance per unit length of given wie =... M™* trun . Scanned with CamScanner1) Radins ofthe ermal wie (given), r= ™ 2) Length of te exprimonal wire, L= Tabular Calyon “ial | Resistance Sn] J stncing — ea tren? | Cam) | 7 L | a | Ph Mean R= spur Experiment No.2 ute: RESISTIVITY OF THE MATERIAL OF THE WIRE. Determination of eoxstace of given wir wing mete brides sd ence to ind esisvity ofthe mati he wie Apparatus: Mit bridge. experinestl ite, Plu he . eine bo, jks. salvanemetr and ty, Fringe: 1) When’ tee x tant won cient oh albanometeris er, 2) P.O. Rand represen the restances of four ams of Wheatstne’s idee tes i 1) Resistance of the wire, R Whee 5 Sta tne te nig et 2 Resatvityoftematerl of he wae, p= Wer reine fhe ws lenght eget wie ron wie Proce 1) The connections are made ay sown in the cea agra, 2) stb standard esiaance Si unplugged inthe vesstance bo 3) ‘The crits checked for oposite dfleshns hs pixing the ookey at he two ends ofthe wire AC alternately. 4) The jockey i+ moved on the wie fom the cl A tows Cll alvanotcter shows ro dfletion. 5) The balancing length, is measure. The reastanc of the wie is aus sing the formuls, R= isrorte Scanned with CamScanner(6) ‘The expaimen is rented for dere values of Sand average Value of | fs found 1) The length Lo the experimental wie Is messed | {8} The esisivity ofthe mater f the wit seated sing the fom, | ests Resistiviy ofthe material ofthe wie, p= PRECAUTION | 1. The al falas gh hold be between Osman Tam race nah When's | inde tlated experimen 2, Jockey hast be moved gently over he metre Drige wie =—__—__—————_“___ —_———<— sal ‘KSPUPTF 7 Scanned with CamScannerSF | rat No song | atncing |B [eine |teebeimem | Average vale of 22 70 spernen Na Date: COMPARISON OF EMF’S OF TWO CELLS mf two given cll using a potentiometer Apparatus: Potetiomte,btery given two cel, galvanomter, 199 - way Key ‘host and plug. Principle: Principle of potentiometer: When seady current flows through a conducting vie of uniform thickness, potent difference between 389 {0 points on Hix dictly proportional to the length of the wie between tote two points ‘Alm: Comparison a Fermlst eran ces f= Wee yf ofte ta Fyvemfot tesco Ty cb ln othe ise 1, “ann oh forthe second rower: 1) The iret connections are made a shown i the circuit diagram. 2) The key K is closed and two way’key is comected to the cell, The circuit Js ehecked for opposite deflections by placing jockey atthe two ends of the wie PQ shiemately. 53) The jockey is moved onthe poteatiomcter wire fom P towards the end tll the galvanometer shows zero deflection. The balancing length is measured 44) The two way key is disonnected from the cll E, and connected to the eel £,, Te acing eng ews. The ato of sexed wing ‘ the formula, 5) The experiment is repeated by shifting the contact point of rheostt and average value of ato of emf ofthe cell is found, —_—_—_— ° KSPUPT Scanned with CamScannerResult; Theta of emf of he ells, = PRECAUTION 1. Key plugged into the esistane box must ensure good electrical 2, ontion of theostat contact should not be disturbed before Fifsng the tsk of finding the balance length wi both dhe els Scanned with CamScannerPrimary Ba Battery creat Ki @ Keo Keyy R= Rhos. secondary ECell YG =Gelresomec = A Ammeter Resistance boy Observation ‘Balancing length (Ke closed an Kis open, = em ‘Tabular Colum: [rmano 7 Famine ® | Dalacing |, ROBY [train | ARO | nth fy inem ine is a, 7 PQ- Potentionetey ate: . INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF A CELL revsanoe of given call wing Experiment No 5 Ai Determination of the incr potntometr Foteiometr, bate, given cel vant, rine box a Principle: Principle of potentiometer: When steady cutet flows throuph + ‘conducting wie of wiform thickness, potenti difference between 28) ‘0 poins on itis dzecly proportional o the Length of the wie beewsen hose 0 points, ‘Apparat Formula: Infemalreistance ofthe ell pa Blt ‘Whore R= resistance unplugged in the standard resistance bor, 1. ~talancng length fo the given cl, 1, balancing length forthe given cell when a resistance Ris connected in parle ti Procedure: 1) The connections ae made as shove nthe ctu diagram, 2) Keeping key K, closed and Key K, opened the circuit is checked for opposite deletions by placing the Jockey tthe two ends ofthe wice PQ alternately. 3) The Jockey i moved on the wire fiom P towards the end tll the salvanometer shows zero deflection, The balancing length f is measured. 4) A-sutable resistance is uopluggd inthe resistance box. Keeping both Ky and Kz closed the balancing length ls measured. 5) Ammeter edn bat oe ep costa trougout th expeimest. aU) 6) Totemal resistance ofthe cells caleuated using the formula, 7 = 1) The experiment is repeated fr diferent values of R and the Observations are tabulated. SU = Ispurte Scanned with CamScannerResults The value of intemal resistance ofthe given cell Hes between i and a [oraRRTEAC EE Graph is plotted for Scanned with CamScanner& -cell Ke 8 Ke-Keys G'~Galvanometer R&S™ Resistance boxe, 2bseration y fof bite, = —— Experiment Nob Date: FIGURE OF MERIT OF GALVANOMETER Determination of he resistance of = gnvanometr by ha defletion ‘method and to fin ite gue of mei. 1, resistance boges and t¥0 Keys Am Pointer gatvanometer, cel Apparat Prieiple: Deflection in galvanometer is deetly proportional 1 the curent ‘heough the glvanometer s-K0 Where Kis called figure of merit ofthe galvanometr Formula: Figure of meritof the galvanomets, co a ‘Where £ emf of the cel 2 resistance in eries withthe galvanometet GG ~ Galvanometr resistance 6 = defection in the glvanometer Procedure: 1) The comm are made sown thesis aa. 2 eer ncapsed an ty Ki elne Th abe stse Ris paged 10 fetevn defection ne gaanomete 1 Inco nde esianc upped so tht defen beset 2 neem ofthe paneer sates wig hom es 4) The exptimen repeated or diferent ales of @ and average vale of Gis found. —_—_—————— Spurr Scanned with CamScanneroe Calan: 0 5) The emf ofthe els messued using» vole. (6) The Figure of meri ofthe galvanometr i ealulted in each case using the wow 7) periment rps for diferent values of Rand value of is found formula, A= Result: The resistance of the galvanometer= a “The figure of mett ofthe pointer gslvanometer.. Aldi IerurT Scanned with CamScannerBs Battery G-Galvanomeee A ~Ammeter S$ shunt resistor observation 1 Resiaace ofthe panaetr, G(Bi=8) = a. 2) Figure of merit ofthe alvanometr, K (ve8)= side of eo ofthe galvanometer scale, Aldiy 43) Number of sows on iter. Ne. a 4) Curent equied fer roucing fl scale defection of N divisions, Igo NK a 5) Maxima corentt be measured, (sty 30mA) = AMMETER “To convert the given glvanometer into an ammeter ofthe required Aims range (0 30mA) and verify he same Pointer gsvanometer, batty, ammeter, resistor, hey and theo. CGalvanometer can be converted into ammeter by connecting stable Iso that very small curent ows ow sesitance ia parle wid through he gavanomes 1) Current required fr fl see eecton, 1=4K, Whore N- Number of divisions on either sie f 2er0 of the galvanometer AK - Figure of ment ofthe galvanometer. Forma: 2) Shunt esisunce, $=. Where G - Galanometer resistance 1 - Range of converted galvanometer Procedure: 1) The coment for fall scale deflection in the galvanometer, Ig = NK is calla, 2) The shun estan scala wing the formu, = 2 1) With the given ves of ras rand esi pf the wir he Teng of the wire ealulted using the formals, oe 4) The wire of slightly longer length than the calculated length is connected in| parallel wih the galvanometer and connections are made as shown in the circuit diggram. SS r = iseurre Scanned with CamScannerma 5) The het sated for 30m arent in ammeter 16) ‘The enth of the wie saute fo ful scale defies in the galvanometet adits lng is mesure 7) Shunt eit $e cael using the forme, yee 4) sequal o nearly us 10 Sand ence comerson verified Results Theoretical value of bunt resistance, $= Experimenta value of shunt esitance, $*= —_—_—_—————— Kerurre Scanned with CamScannerDae Experiment No 7 vourMeren To convert the given guvaromcter ito voltmeter of the require sa OK |I-—. io ah ar oe siete Ks Key Apparatus: Pointer galvanometer, battery, volnster, resistance bor. Key and iv Roost ! ‘eon Gate Principle: Calvaomcer canbe convert ito vole by conecing stable = Votmeter high resistance in serie with it 30 that very small current lows Resistance box ‘ OF j through the gavanometer. 1) Cueto ful sale defection, 1,7 NK +U= , “Where -Numberof divisions on citer side of 0 of the galvanometer a ! 1. Figure of merit of he ealvanometer. srasomete, (ive) = a 1 Resistance ofthe garam, (i=). | 2) High resistance tobe connected i cies wit the glvanometer, 2) Figur of ment ofthe etree, Kien Adie ! a 3). Number of divisions on eter side of er ofthe alvanometer scale, a es said moana } Where @- Galanomete resistance Ne a | Maximum voltage tobe measured Procedure: 1) The value oftesistnce i calculated using the formula, R= 7 4) Cent requires or producing fl sae defection of N divisions, Ig 28K a 5) Maxum volag to be mesire, V (sy 3V)= 2) The circuit connections ae made as shown inthe ere diagram. 43) The caleulated high resistance, R 8 unplugged in the standard resistance box and the rcostat is ajused so thatthe voltage shown i the volimeter is equal to the desired range (ny 3V). a ——————_$L—<— 36 isrurr 7 Scanned with CamScanner4 Resistance from he esistnce ho sane such hat galvanameter shows {alc etn, Then Rm the existance bo noted. 5) Ris eql or nil qua oR, Hence conversion verified Result: The vlc ofthe calelted seis sistance, R= } The valu ofthe observed serie resistance, R= TRECAUTION high ssn of de of 1K shoud enpgaed in he resistance ij box ist and en th ky as to be lose avd any damage othe | sao | ———— i iran - = a Terurtr ee Scanned with CamScanner