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    ASCE 55-2010

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    ASCE 55-2010

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    771 views28 pages

    Asce 55-10

    Uploaded by

    Rick Henbid
    ASCE 55-2010

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ASCE STANDARD —_ASCE/SEISS-10 American Society of Civil Engineers Tensile Membrane Structures ‘his document ues bolh the International Sytem of Unite (St) bray of Congress Catalogo Puicnon Data rem (ASCE snd) Ines tingpileferencs a in ISaN 78 0-740 1007-4 (a pope) foarte Sa Ue Sats, 2. Lightweight Sunnie Ses Sythe tin tana mae Sock of Wh agi as! by Ameren Soi of Ci Engines [S01 Aleaner al Deve Ron, igi 20197 This snd was devsoet by a comes saint development oc ch ha brn ase By the Ames Nan Sa ‘ds ise (ANSI. Asretin by ANSI, olay ae. ‘ody eesti pubic and va sete ans elo ‘witonsin be US a abo sins hae stands pen pss od by ASCE ts me ie ANSI rears fo Wit ASCE's pes is sine pra sasha et 2 fia escond cosas aon ler papas, while seeing the ic eat fey nd welfare tt paramo mo, fas nt mae an npenie ssn! fad des ‘neato. appara, poate process dscsel ec, ASCE ‘he ot none shes argo ner ASCE sania 0 tree the sand algment oft compete prota, having owe and experienc te april) of pate, moe {sate forte an of eae eel sch peo a rrprcing sal apse cons fh Sania ASCE arn ry o efor comple wii sda and ‘os noxvdea to cet rats fer compan or eer my pees sericea rn or ey ASCE kins any al bili for ary peal in popeny Saag, franca her danas of ay eae whasoeret Frcuig thet sao any est, ine, gia crema. {se oth stun Any Indl ho ses on Bis sand ASCE a Aman Society of Chl Eine Repstret n US. Pen nd Tear On Pheepes eens oun iinet prmiion tpt ony ASCE pins ty wing ASCE'S elie prmsin Soe {tps ace cremate). Reqs for 100 copies ‘moe hol beast he Reps egret, Pubes Divahn ASCE (aes abe); el permsoe@ane op ‘erat eer form can be fond at Mabe pap ‘spon, Cony © 20109 he Amro Sy of Cl Ean Bon omen me or ‘Mout nthe Unit Ss Aner STANDARDS. 1200, he Roar of irction ape te revision {oe ASCE Ros for Standards Conon orn he ting ad mannance of stands veh y te Sti. Alsoh nad at cevelopd bye comenss sda process aaged tye Sct Cou nd Stanrde Connor {€SC), Te conse pos iis falling by 3 {eles sundardssmmites mae po Sacty ‘embed tonne allt bythe meme Ship ofthe Sey av awl and alain y the abi Al standard ae up ale ye “he following snr have been ct ANSUASCE 9 725 Guin for Design nd ‘asic Rock Sfty Rls Eat Snctues IEW 2.06 Mesrement of Ox ge Taser in Chan War ANSUASCE 891 Sundar forthe Stal Design dard acc ote Corson ad Ipesion of Compose Site ASCE 498 Sami Asif Sale Rene Nock Sinsnee Building Code Reqorements fr Many States ACL S00. O2ASCE S0a/TMS a0) sd Spe Seaton or Masry sts (ACU 5301-09" [ASCE ear 6.03) AASCHSEI 710 Minimum Design Lous for Bld SEUASCE Bi? Sapa Spica fr he Dein (Cols Pomot Shino Stel Stuctual Member ANSUASCE 91 inl with ASCE 491 AASCE 1097 Design of Laisa! Sel Tanison seus SEUASCE 11-9 Gull fr Stl Conion ‘Asscament of Exstig Bulg ASCHAEW 12.03 Galo fore Design of ‘ion itsriace Drage ASCEAEWAI 1303S Giles stall on of Uh Stra rape ASCHIEWRI 108 Samtard Cues fr Ope on an Maine of Urn Susie Deaeage as ASCE 1598 Standard Paice fr Dire Design of ‘Buried Precast Core Pps Using Standard Insallaon (SIDD) ASCE 1695 Standard for Loa Resistance Factor sign (LRFD) of Engineered Wood Consivction ASCE 17.96 AirSported Strcres [ASCE 18:96 Sunda Guadelines fo ln-rocss ‘Oxygen Transfer Teng ASCE 1996 SuuctrlApplcations of Stel Cables foe Buildings ASCE 20:6 Sta Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile Foundations ANSVASCEZTADI 21.05 Automated People Mover ‘Stanlrds—Poe ANSUASCEZTRDI21.2.08 Automated People Mover ‘Stanarde—Part2 ANSVASCEZTRDI 21.408 Automated People Mover ‘Stanards—Part 3 ANSUASCEZTDI 21.08 Automated People Mover SEVASCE 23.97 Specification oe Suactarl Sie Beans with Web Openings ASCERSET 2405 Foal Resant Design art Constrction ISEL 25.06 Earthquake Actuated Automatic Gas ‘Shut Devices ASCE 2697 Standard Practice fr Design of Baie Precast Conrete Box Sextons ASCE 27.0 Standard Practice for Dist Design of Precast Conte Pipe fo Jacking i Teac ess Consrstion ASCE 28-00 Stand Pate for Diet Design of. Presast Conese Bo Seton for Jacking Trenchless Construction ASCEISEISFPE 2915 Sanda Calculation Metiods for Stata ie Prnston 'SEUASCE 30.00 Guin for Condition Assesment of ahe Building Envelope 'SEVASCE 31-03 Sess Evaluation of Exiting Buiings 'SEUASCE 42.01 Design and Constution of Fr rotate Shallow Foundations EEWRVASCE 33.01 Comprchorsive Teansboundary Tnteratonl Water Quality Management Agoment EWRUASCE 34-01 Standard Gusies for Ari Recharge of Gund Water EWRUASCE 35-01 Guidelines for Quality Assurance ‘of Ital Fine Pere Aeration Equine CCUASCE 36-01 Standard Consrction Gutines for Miratunnting 'SEVASCE 37-02 Design Loods on Suuctrs during Contin (CUASCE 38-09 Sunda Guideline fr the Calton and Depiction of Existing Subsurtice Usiy Data [EWRUASCE 3.03 Sungard Prost forthe Desien and Operation of Hal Suppression Projets ASCEJEWRI 4008 Regulated Riparian Mosel Water Cole ASCEISEL 41-06 Seni Reabilitaion of Existing Buildings ASCEJEWRI 42-04 Standard Prot forthe Design ‘and Operation of Prespation Enhancement Projets ASCEISEI 43.05 Selmi Design Criteria fr Swetures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear Fries ASCE/EWR #408 Standard Prose forthe Design ‘and Operation of Sopercole Fog Dipers Projects ASCHIEWR 45.05 Standard Gaines forthe Design of Urtun Stomate Systems ASCEIEWRI 46.05 Standard Guidlines for the Installation of Usha Stornvater Sysens ASCE/EWRI 47-05 Standard Gudlies fr the ‘Operation and Maintenance of Urban Strate systos ASCEISEL 38.05 Design of Stet Transmission Poe ‘Stuctues ASCEIEWRI 50-08 Standard aie fo Fig ‘Sitraad Hydraulic Condos Using Probail fay Density Functions ASCE/EWRI 51-08 Stand Guin for Calcul ing the Elective Sate Hyeasie Condocivity ASCE/SEI$2-10 Design of Fikerglase- Reinforced Plas (FRE) Sacks ASCE/G-153-10 Compaction Grouting Consens Guide ASCESEWRI 54-10 tanand Gein for he ‘Geosttstial Esimation and Block Averaging of Homogeneous and Lsoepc Stated Hy ralic Condueiviy ASCESSEI$5-10 Tensile Membrane Stites FOREWORD ‘The material presented in his standard has been pre pod to he in accordance with ecopized engine Prinipe. The standard should othe wed thou frst seeing competent ace wih spat 1 is suitability Fr any given application, The pobliction ‘ofthe materi eotaned hein sol ead 3 ‘presentation or waranty othe pr of the American Society of Ci Eainers,o ofan ote san named erin, dt this inert issuable for any general or particular wie or promins faedom ftom infringement of ny patent or pats. Anyone raking ose ofthis iformaion assum al aby {fom sch use. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The American Society of Chil Engineers (ASCE) and it Setural Enginering Ista (SED rattlly tcknoege the devoted efor of the Tensile Mem brane Seretures Stindrd Commie of SEL. The commie comprises individ from many back rounds lading secteur, consuls engineer ing, rescarch, consrstion, ection, vera espe and private practice. This tana was propa thowgh ASCE's consensus sds ‘evelopment proces in compliance wit he ues tnd prosdores of ASCE's Coe an Stands ‘Commitee (CSC). ASCE's standards dvelopnet proves is ceed by the American Nationa Standards taste (ANSI) TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, STANDARD COMMITTEE ROSTER [Bdvand M, DePala—Co-Chaienan Ramen, Ganz Louis F. Geschwindner—Co-Chsian Paul A Gossen Harry B. Daher) Vice Caiman Kis Haron RanaldE,Shatlr—Secretary Michel W. Isler ‘Tere 0, Arosen Gary Mooee Jain R Bates Bit Maret Peter Bow Wayne Rend Frank Bradenburg Donald R Sith Richacd R. Bradshaw Gury E Surge Dik Cos Davi Thompson Mast Dery Robert F Wier CONTENTS Standards Foreword Acknowledgements. tractres Standued Commitee Roster Genera. 1 Scope 12 Detnsions| 13 sign Documents 14 Fed Obseraion 15 Afcnate Designs 16. Reference 21 General 22 Teng Qualieations 23 Physical Tsing 24 Physical Propeise 215. Membrane Clsication and Five Peformance 27 Cables and Reining Connetions 41 Notation 43 Comsonion for Design and Amis. 44 Member Popotioning 415, Load Combinations. 4 Component Resistance 47) Anchomge Fticaton ad Erection S11 Fabrication Appendix A. Special Provisions Appendix BA Procedare for Determining Modal of Easy iiography| Commentary ci ca ca ca cs cA, Index ‘Gone Membrane Matis Connetons Design Fatriction and Ereton ‘Appendix A Special Provisions. 1 GENERAL 11 score design and performance of membrane covered eable nd ip member sacar, icing ame sve ‘ures coleively known a ese membrate suv ‘ures, nlingpsrminent a! temporary sacar 2 dined heroin. The requemanis ofthis standard ‘hal apply wheter the tne membrane erties Inopenden of or atacod te anh stir. This andar doesnot apply 0 aisuppont otro 1.1.2 ‘This standaed is applicable all ns mom rane sroctre as follows temporary srctres wih a plan ae greater han 00 (100 1) with any membrane spon exceeding 1010 (3) oF permanent tcc wih pla fe preter than 225 (8 2.5m), regalo pan 1.13 This andor capone ta tensile membrane strgtures erected under the requitements of the egal adopted building cde of which this standard {oem 2p In arse witout a ely adopted built ‘ng ele his standard defines minimum acepae Stands of design and eonstietion practice 1.14 ‘This sundae supplements the ling cate nd shall govern all mates pening to desig, ‘maybe sed inthe abacace of bling code or ‘aha the iin cade does ot adequately adds ‘membrane strc, 1.1.5 Element of a tentile membrane state mot governed by his standard (eg, stot sel, cables, {ier alain or cones) al be proportioned In accovdance wit heir respective stand The lowing dfritons apply this stand inflated structae—A membrane sre wih ‘Shape thai siti by air assure acing within else tutes enlosing ll orp of the ceoupiad spe Alrsspportedstructure—A membrane sce tht ‘cnc an oeupid space and has a shape that is ‘ainsi by ai resi acting within the es Pied spe Anchorage devise sed to sees a membrane ibe to a suppor. Authority having jurisdiction —The osaizaton, poll suhdivision, ofc, or invidual caged tit esponsibility of administering an enforcing the provisions ofthis Sundar Biaxial stress Stresses taken simultaneously along "vo coneueat otogonal destons, usualy Warp snd CCable—A flexible lisa curvilinear element sting in tension, Cable maybe wite rope stand, owe ‘Compensatin and decompensation) ~Adjsinent ating ptering of memrane pane dimensions wallow for seeing ofthe material a required {0 achieve the desired inal presuess and Design strength—The strength determined by mull ‘ying te alinate strength by one oe more Strength elution fotos Bective membrane breaking srength—The strength of the membrane esa, Whiever is Bective prestress—The poste ening ia tho ‘strstr afer al loss ning longterm Insc, have occured Fabric two-dimensional lth made up of yarns oval tapes ha maybe npregated wth atic tha bind hem tose. The yams may’ be woven oF ai The avis rguely cote Tamia Factored loud—Te product of the amin las and fad factors used 0 proportion members by Strength design Fibers Lengths of heads of a aici. When ed wget, hey make 8 yam FI—The yams hat ae placed in he nao die i ofthe fave as manufrs kn ss We, m—Aa ucinfrced plat, lm dos ot contin fiers yarn Frame-supported structare—A membrane sre Consisting of a seis of arches Tames what the ‘membrane i pestensioned primarily nil and “TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES the mma ignored in th design ofthe tee veal vy Bt maybe conse tbe ‘bly of vl components Liteayl factor "A fcr led oat for thea tha he srenph of se mais eres wih ine Bae th ft of com> tue ening envio expos, Loa facto number, sly set th 10 copie ade nce ec fe ofthe ads shih suc arcu for once in ion eximaton Material manfacorer—A hoses ny Sse primary pars he proto of Doman ol gods ht rset memiane {Rveatr eng roquaments reed ‘erin, wher mente semble ae feeder asi prot Se Membrane feos Membrane —The fel cost oni suc- ‘tral arc or fn tht appr temps as {nd amt thm oe suporing suc For th pup of the stndrs the montane cries ‘ny terion earn the plan ofthe entre “Membrane component—Matsia rut rst rests nal atid Ids tht 19 quem of tr ign sana or were the appcahe dg nda do oop Me tas nde bu ae att a, membrane, Sena cals an rope a wb made om Teoma mater Membrane abrcator—A bss eniy whose mary pres he podcon of membrane ont ing lrg up y 8 maul ‘Manufacture fo nue montane str. Soe Mr nantacue, Membrane ner—An tro fic fm ped fr orate sco, thom latin, he vows pare Membrane ene Senge mle sgh Sutuhed by mana mc and apa Stns or at, hi he stp eno Sot stra nsdn th ASTM bas Minne tet vale pubis vale as acct by 99% of saps te Nominal srength—The cps ofa member eer pole ary stent edn fos Paterlng The proces of ering bw oct the pos of so-diensoa at fai 0st then ogetier and peed, hy pode Treen ste Permanent stractare—A suture tended remain nis erctd poston and ection For @ rio of 180 days oF mone PrestreaeThe stress induced in the ste forthe pups of defining he geo a the itl EM of the stu Serim—A nonwoven of loosely woven fbi Seam joing of eo o more pss of membrane nei Service lod —Any lad anticipated 6 be imposed on The erst, to which po factors ave bec spl Strength rdtion factor (ete (ss tan oF lw 1.0) that seouns fr the deviation ofthe ‘tal strength rom he nomial scat caus bythe vance of matralproperies and werk ‘anship and by the manner a consequences of ‘aia ‘tres For spor strate and atchapes, hiss once per unit ae, for membranes, iis fore per nit engh, ‘Support srwcture—Arches, beams, columns, cables, Feamdstions, nd ther nmembrane ees Temporary structure stu intend remain nit rested poston allen for & ‘io of ower than 180 das ‘Tensile membrane strvcture--A merrane str ture with shape at determined By teosion in the membrane and he geome af the spot Sacre, Typiealy de suture consis of fex- ile elements (eg. membane ari abe), non Moxble elements (estas, mats, Beams, ad ache) andthe anchorage supp and. foondaton) Tensile membrate sutures nti Frame-sippered srt Utiate tength-—The atcpated breaking srenth foe member (o failure sregth where flue i lie xr an breaking) based on material aloe, Uniaxial sires-—A sees appli pall one ans sully the warp oid wher no ses api fn the ethogonal rt, ‘Warp —The longtadinal or machine directa of fai Web-A tc of reinforement material Weft See Fil ‘Yaron asemblage of fis 1.3 DESIGN DOCUMENTS Design drawings and specifications shal, 52 ‘iit show 4. nue and date of see of coe and spleen! 0 Inhich design confor, 1 all fads ws nthe design, ‘pei scng of fabric and seams foreach pare of satire, ‘ype offi ‘ve and ection of all rut slamens maximum eale foros, ignite ad oston of press frees the distone of the wap ad {ype and lneton of sy mechanical eomnoctions, fee empeaty o seasonal stats, dns shall ‘early show the intend pi of restora the antipatel enviromental cones, and 1 schedule of euied mateance, 14 FIELD OBSERVATION 14.1 Qualifeations—Consrstion shal be obsrved perinialy tought the various wrk tage y the Engineer or aches of vsord or by a representative responsible that engineer or architect ands rouied hy the authority having justo. 1.42 Records—Consrston records shal, 362 ‘mini include he followin verification thi the fabri spi onstruction and removal of temporary sippors: Sequence of erection and connection ofall member: tensioning of prestesing elements: {ny significant constuction Indigo he ecumentaton of any a al eos, dels, Maw, vrei and 1 gona popes of work . “ 1.5 ALTERNATE DESIGNS. ‘The provisions of his standard ae not intended 19 Timitthe appropriate ase of mari, ens, ep ment, methods of design, of constuction provers nt epcialy descr i his standard, povided tha such alters design methods and constuction procedures ae conic by persons specially qua fin the specie maths applied ud posi hat ASC SEI S510 sch techniques demons 3 evel of sty an pr Termance cossen with the rauteents of Chapter 44 Sistine an ctrl component tha reno mento analysis using generally asepod theories maybe designed hy 4, evan of fll scale stvctues 1, evaltion of ulscae protetype ough tet, © suds of msl analogs, 16 REFERENCES “The following standards re refer in his ocuten ASCE: 7. (200), Minna desig ads for begs nd oer scten Anetn Soy of Ci ASCE 19,1997) Sct! apiations feet ables or blings, rin Sey of Ci Engincers, Now York ASCE 19.98, ASC 22 (99) nde projet pes review, "Amana Soko Cl Eine, Ren, iy ascenoT ASTM D2136. (2007. Standard Tes Method for one Feri Lempert Bend Te, ‘ASTM lnc, Wox Comte, Pom. ‘asta Dezo, G00) Sunde Te ea for “Tarag Sg of Febnesy the Togve age 2p) Procedure (Conon ate of xenon “ele Testing Machine), ASTM ltr ‘Neat Comtecke, Pen ASTM DSQSI QM) Shi text meta for coed and tonne ars or nee ‘ASTM Inca, at Conch, Pom ASTM D6I93. (200). Sonar pace for scher ved eons ASTM latina, West Ernst, Pen ASTMTERL 2009), Std st etd for surface uring charceieof ulin materi, [ASTM nro, West Combos, Pea ASTMIELS6. (2009 Stand! tt metal for Tehonor of mars va ete abe nace a 25er ASTA lato Wet Conbocke, [NEPAToL (2010), Standand method of fre ex for “Rome propagaton of eis an ing Nata Fi fection Assos, Guay Ma CHO (1970, Uniform bing ede, Icon Confrence of Bung Oca, White, CA 2 MEMBRANE MATERIALS 2.1 GENERAL 2.1.1 Membranes—Membrane mats se in the ‘ene membrane sal conor oan al tested in conformance with he reuremens of his chapter her materials (2 cable sel, lunar, inte ‘and comer) shal conform to the egurement of ‘heiraspetve standards 2.12 Quality—Membrane materia wed inst ‘res hl of unifor quali asl ve prop ‘ties required forthe inten usgs, The al of ‘mati provided by the mtr manufacturer shall te marked india any areas with fe that ‘would ini hi strc! gi ce servicebi 22 THSTING QUALIFICATIONS Texts hale psfome hy qualified testing agencies or by qualified employes ofthe materia manic ity having jurisdiction. Manufacturers and abicutrs pvforming their own esting sal demonstrate con Fomane withthe standards referenda is 2.3 PHYSICAL TESTING 21 Frequeney—Membrans sal hive publish Spectation hat iene the minimum et values Toetheproperion Meni in Section 241. Testing Frequency for physical ports of membranes shall he hse on he sre ares of marrage to Be pposnt inthe finshed stuctre. Unless dere Spel in his caper he rue est sal performed for every 10.000 900 mo fatal ft there, of membrane in th in etre For membres witha hsory of consistent est esl (cee of variation f 55% lex the fe ‘quency of esting canbe rauced wo every S0.000 1 {6.00 mi, Except slime hy sample sz of he specie est the number af pecines per sample shall depend om he rembrane rll with ‘Samples from membrane rol ss han or el © Dn. (20 m) wide al he divided nt tee equal zones aco the wid ofthe fc: One Specimen foreach oid fest shall tke om ech zoe Samples from membrane ols reer tn 80 in, (2.0m wide sal edvided nfo eel ones sos the wih ofthe fabs. One specimen fr ach required et shal beaker fom each zone ‘When esting Fabris, pecimeas far the same lyst eke fem the dierent zones crass {he width of he fbi shal Be ad out 0 hat hey 4 pot ice the sme warp oil ame 232 Conditions Coat fiberglass sl be tested in buh wet an dey condions The wel tenis shal he performed ith dhe same size pscimen he {ry tele test The specimon shal e fly immer in wae, exposing the open cges ad face othe Psa evasion of water The specimen sal Ferman submerged fr 248 Air 24 the specimen Sha ke removed pated dy and feed the sme manne as done forthe dy tensile ts The nim rest to be ina of proper cating fn ute potest of th yarn un stl be ofthe vale obtained in te ry fries 23 lesfold—Cowtod fibres shal bo teed for exfold a desea in ASTM DKS 2.4 Bini Testing—As a minimum, basal ‘esting sl be conducted by the mati mapasc ‘ure for the purposes of quality cont at he ello ing ines: whenever ew manufactring process is sd amd Fora 100000 F (10000) Fr membres ih istry of conten tes reste (eee oF variation of 5% o ess, the roqensy eat be rece to every 200.000 (8 (2009) 2.35 Uniava Testing —As sinimur, anata ‘ongstion stig, a sea in Seton 2:41, shall be undertaken by te material manufactures fr every 10,000 (900?) of membrane wed nthe Fisted tractor with minima of one tsp el. For nombres with istry of consent test ets (coofcemt of variation ofS o ls) the tequeney ta esting ca be reac every $0,000 (5,000) wid minimum of one exp oll. The umber of paimens pr sample sal ein sco ‘ance with Seton 2.3. TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, 2.36 Prequeney—the frequency of testing maybe Inoresse a ered by the arcsec or enginct of record. Such adional esting sal be clearly deine Inthe contac ccumens 214 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 24.1 General—Memtrae physi popes shall ‘determina in cordance with ASTM DKS, ‘ice as mie herein. AS a msium requ ret, testing preserved in Seton 2.3 shall be “undertaken for uit weight Cote and unected), thickness, strip tensile svength rapezoial ear ‘irength,uniatilelongation, and cating adhesion bes the warp and il diresions Te atric como: ton yam ont a7) shal lo be provided. The neil nafs shall manana roord of compliance. 2442 Published Valves—The mserial maafeturer ‘hal provide poised values foe th speci Far Separte for the warp anil cistons, ofthe ‘mols of las and Poisons ati. Those "i bal be based on ial texts in the srs range of 5p (0.175 Nin 10 30% ofthe stp tensile ‘ong, Ae a minimum this ange bal be apc Tato of 2:1, fsa 1:2 of wap to To deter Inne thse vals the proses in Append B my bemed, 24.3 Procedures—forsractres witha design p= tues of 10 pl (0.178 Nn reat in oth Basal ‘lets, before fabrication of te membrane, et ‘rane rls shal be prouped based on their warp ad Sil elongation est A minim of one specie shall be slated ro cach group for bial esting. Bail clongation roperics ae to he determined ia ssconance wah the membrane fico’ standard ‘pocodures as approved by the design engncer or rhe, During Teng, 2 pecion shall be sub- {ted oa seres of loads (imutancousl in bth he ‘ep and fil iets) selected to simulate he espn sess pried by analysis. The dation of ‘ach long yee oe icrment shall be selected with feed ode membranes bili to respond othe test toad, 2.5 MEMBRANE CLASSIFICATION AND. FIRE PERFORMANCE 225.1 Classteation Membranes forts mem brane sirctres shal be lassie acoring 1 heir fee perfomance carters as follows (lass 1 Membrane: Nopcombusible membranes Shall comply withthe defnion for noncombus he bung mater ay extblisod by the autor having jurisction, They sal sso meet {he erent of NFPA 7O1 and stall atin Mame Spread index ot grea than 28 ana smoke evelopment nds not poate than 30 when ested ssconing to ASTM EBS ‘Cans I Membrane: Limited combustible membranes Shall met the regimens of NFPA 70. In xb on, they sal atin» are sea inde not feu than 28 and smoke developmen index ow rete than 40 when tested acon 10 ASTM Est (Class Membrane: Combustible membvanes ae all Iwembranes tat donot mest he requirement or amy eter clas, 2252 Liners—Membrane ier sl tb ethan ‘tas materia, excep when the primary mem- ‘rae is Clas I 253 Helght Limitations Tersile membrane sve ‘ores shall note mie mn ight exepr a Fequied ty applicable lal zning regions, 25.4 Conformance—-Memtcaes and monibane Tins shal be mcd fr tne membrane sete a {nd sal conform to the regulation ofthe aunty faving jrniction nthe abe of gly doped building code. Append A shal be sd 26 SEAMS 261. Generat—Scams shall be designct to propery transfer the appli loads throws the mean ld tote supporting structure and shall be designed with fhe roan o proper Rei. peotecton of he fabric mateti and services, 262 Procenses—Membrane seams shll be sown, ‘ecwomectancally Welded sed ue ce mechan ‘ally cnmeced or connie by any ter method ‘hat complies withthe regimen of hs ston 263 Tolerances—All seas sal be fabricated ‘within the flowing tolerances when messi over 3 ih (em) ents 1: Seams designed to be ess than 2 in (50 mm) wide Shall ot be ss than 1/1 in (1.8 ma sar ham species, 3. Scan designed 10 be 2 in. (0 mm) oF more wide shal ot be estan 1/8 (3am) Smale shan Speed 264 Qualty—Weldet scams shall be fll sete ‘vith wo coll pts ars ite oF mo asin) 265 Charactristies—Sewn sans sal cnfor 6 ASTM DGi03. Characters of propery construct seams ar street, eat, dara, sou, apd gpearanc. These charsttstics must be alae ‘vith the properties ofthe material develop the pina Seam forthe spetc appieaton The membrane fabrics shall termine te atc Tar sca stich type based on te ema equ ments of tenth darby and sou “Tae membrane fiat shal be prepare) to demon tate hat the proposed manufacturing press er & Particular seam mended for a parc engineered pplication wil produce reliable nie scm bes meting the projet requirements This de ‘msration sal ineludeconsideration fr particule iccniques and shill of sewing machi operators 266 Strength~Membrane sas shal be designed ‘fit so hat The seams met he flowing Strong enter {a1 68°F (20°C the seam shall esis a es Toad ‘hua to 100% of the nin poids Sength ofthe frie when tested in accordance twit ASTM Da8ST an tes load equal Lo 200% of the masta service ASCEISEL 5510 Jou fra minim ofan exhibit fess han 1 in (3 man) lippge: and {at 1S4°F 70°C) the som sal ress coninanes st la equal 6 1004 of the maim serve Toad ora minim of 26:7 Breaking Strength —Theeetve Meskng Strong of membranes using seam constuction that oot comply with the reauiement of Section 2.66 ‘hal erst the stent ofthe seams 27 CABLES AND REINFORCING When reinforcing ofthe membeane or membeane ier is ror, shal coms of ether metalic or on etal ables ce aonmetalic rifecing. Such me a shl be of uniform quality and shall ave ropes equi for the aed use 1 The rength of metic cals shall be termined i accordance with ASCE 19 1, Te strength an fire carats of nonmetaic cabs and web elements shall be determined in Sccodance with terial saad provided By he ‘anuTacrer and approved Wythe aoa having justin. ‘¢ The suonph and fie ehaactrisivs of nonmetallic ae ise shall comply with Seton 28 and 2.6 3 CONNECTIONS ‘AM GENERAL—Cowpestos sll be designed to ‘rasfer ll ppd and interna loce td momen as equed by analysis. Additionally, te effets of ‘membrane cep, expose othe wet, scents iy, dynam leads, aigue, ad movement cased by lange defestion an ations ofthe tact all be accouted fr Comes proteton shall be povided whee necesary forthe neg and daabity of the £2 FABRIC-TO-FABRIC— Frit fbric con etons sal he accomplished through the use of ‘Same or msc oni in acorns ith Saton 2.6 In all reas whee stress consentatons can oc, ihe membrane sal be reife a eu ith dona abi. Dstrieaion ofthe fie over he sign ie ofthe store sal he accounted for by ‘plying the appropri He-cyce facia poied in Chaper [3 FAURIC-TO-NONFABRIC—Fatvi-o- tontic conection dens sal be conigarsd 30 "sto minimize sess concentrations in the aris. td minimize Ec wear and damage over the fe he suture, Adequate stent and weather fate for constuction isan, o abe considerations. Te connections sll onside the Teaolements of the metbrane fr elngation and evar inthe dieton of the join, 3M MECHANICAL —When s mschancl jit in the membrane o membrane ine is eed the aerial se shal be noncornive sal be eae finished o both oyrotect aint comesion, Mates shall be ee of rough spot sharp edges, ce sor delet tht may he injroas to the membrane Insti If grommeting sued 8 ean of eons ton, capacities sal Be determined by texting. As tisimumn. echieal membrane jit and cher Sears shal be designed o havea bveaking Suen ‘rdterthan 2008 ofthe maxim ses onder Service lod. The design of mechanical joints shall ‘one ihe urements ofthe membrane for ‘ongation and xa inthe diston ofthe oi [AS OTHER—Nonftvie connections such a cable to-cable, cablet-stes, an eabletoanchorge shall prove far he atpred rotations, all have ‘neh adjustability to mainain proper tasion Fes, Shall lo for longterm fects, al sl take it ‘omsideraion exces in he cooneton dal 4 DESIGN 41 NonaTioN, “Te following motions spp D = Dead toad , = Superimposed ce collar dead oad = Ron velo FLiteeyete fsoe = Membr force estes eet caused by pests Eh lad = Ruin load Soo Toad = Sclesaiing Fores such a enperatyre ‘expansion and ontacton creep dilleeaa Setlement, and moisture 1, =e oreo wrest inthe sacral lement o deton hing consieed caused by the fad embinations “Tensile ce in il dictions calculated by online analy) emi fre in warp diction (as clelated ty nonlinearly) 1, =besignseengih ofa meme clement T, Sense strength ofa membrane element. See Sections 12 nd 23. Ty = Tensile srngth inthe ston ofthe il (ve) yas, Soo Sets 12 apd 23 ‘T= Tes tenth inte principal reton in he lane of te membrane, Soe Sections 12 and 23 emi sen in the drestio ofthe warp yams Soe Sestions 12 apd 23 Ww = Wind td B = Reluc factor beta) 42 Loaps 4211 General—Lonls sal be dated in acer tlnce with ASCE 7 othe applicable bukig cose facets moi erin. Provision shal be mide foe cod mpocad on tele membrane since ding reson or diamanig. 422 Dead Load —The design da la or teste ‘membrane cts shal ont oF 1 he weight of the membeats 1 te weigh of veinforement nd joining systems the weight of roel fame cements that are integral with nd sppore by the merrane Sacral system: and 4. the woigt of liners, insolation and ter xed prs ofthe strc el supped decely by the membrane or rnkreensnt 4.23 Superimposed Loads—Supvimposed dead Toa, soc igh speakers, dct, sprinkler, and otber equipment elated othe farction oF the Strctr, sal Be tr 6 ed loads whe they ‘intended wo be pennant and sal e eared 5 Tve lads when they are nt Be empeay Tse loads, bath dead ad ive shal be consred absent when they sould counteract fae nach as nd pit 424 Snow; Rain, and Seismic Lond 4424.1 Soo; sin, an sic fas for tml rmemtvane art sal be dterioed in ace. ance with ASCE Tor the applica buling eo “The deflection ofthe membrane under th ecu possi of oslly inert sp oa eased by Sing shal be consider 42.42 Design sow loads sl not be reduced by implement of so%-meingor-temoval mods ‘excep on lameray sutures apa By the ‘autority having jurissictin, (425 Wind Loads—Wind loads for tensile mm Trane srt shall be deterine in econdance With ASCE Tor the applicable dng code. Wher the shape of the membrane doesnot all within he Tits ofthe prescriptive lal roquiemons, wind ‘anne analyse conforming to ASCE T shal be per te 0 establish he design wind pressures. Const ‘ration sal be made of wind-srstre inrasion incding bhi eet of fata ee edges of the srctre and of resonance ofthe ene rvs 426 Minima Roof Live Loads—Live loa or tensile membvane sutures stall be determined in asconnce with ASCE Tor the applicable biling code sideration shal be given wo accumulation of eon ables and on both upper an lower suas ofthe ‘membrane, well a ling or sing ic, which ‘may ite eaig inthe membrane. 42.8 Temporary Lands—Arpli loads, sucha rivorks an sho ign that wil Be in place for ewer han 14 day, sal be cowie sulin ously wth at least oneal the oo ive Fad of Sovtion 426 Such loads aud ot be cowie "Smultncously with environmental lads uch as So hon no appropiate the season a we 43 CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN [AND ANALYSIS 43:1 General—Tesie membrane saci sall be ‘signe considering both suength and serviceability. 432 Progressive Collapse—‘Tension membrane structures shal be designe so dat faire ofthe membrane o ofa sine supperting clement does a ‘eat in progressive collapse of the itr, 433 Structural Stability —Whete te support sc= fur ies onthe tension membrane sacar 0 ovide stbiiy to componeatso individu members ofthe spot Sate the designe ofthe the tenon membrane sate dos no eae 6 lupue of he tension membrane sracture and suport strotre by ether oss of capacity ofthe individual member ofthe spor stare ce by exces movement ofthe tension membrane 434 Design—THe desig of tensile membrane ‘trctrs sll include coaseration of the following: oases in press caused by sport displacement omincton tolerates, maria wep, or elation in any element ‘imensioalozowopc mati such fab can be erent from hat of rigid matrassch sel or conerte. The aking suength of fab inthe ‘warp decton vais depending o the tension in the Ti dieetion and the wid ofthe specimen, In narrow specimens severe il treats can lide through he ‘tip thes a not combate wo bill esta. Simplification is made by refering to breaking strength of sp of fase under simple uaa (Cable, boundary—Cable tthe age or emia tin of the membrane (Fig. C2), (Cable, ridge—A concave par cable wally sd resist downoad. ‘Cable, valleyA concave downward cable sally ured to rest upward oa. ‘Cable eff or eable pocket—The motos of ‘wrapping the fic around a able at «Boundary Eeniion Fig. C3). (Cable tings—Any accessories usd as an machen t,o opp feeble u \ FIGURE C-1, Antictastie and Synelaste Surfaces FIGURE C-2, Boundary Ride, and Valley Cables FIGURE €-3, Cable Cuff or Pocket atenary—The curve assed by a prfety exible able oferta deny an ros section supp between two supe. For convenience in tone membrane srt, the er sod Yo describe te carve assumed by any cable support mem. ‘Crimp and rimp interchange—In weaving fabri fl thread are deformed by hing woven (8 the cll wide oe sort diecton) perpendicular to tnd around he ih sn fl feng ofthe il ep ted. When the fabri is loaded io tension, the fil reads al dor the warp hed esting simp inte are (Fg. C-, ‘Carvature—The masimom and iim ‘urvatue tough a pont ote suTace of te Structure (generally ethogona to each ter Their 2 FIGURE C-4, Crimp and Crimp Interchange rode deine the curvature (Gaussian) ofthe Secs. Mathematically, curvature isthe sips of the radi of curvature, Fabric assembly—A panel of menbane steal fabs from one o are pecs of fic having seams and edge anor connection Sts ineoeporated the shed suc eld joint—A conection made on the ste heuwcen nto ar me ees a abe (Geodese-A mathematical frm dino asthe Sonst distance path ten 0 pas 8 Tsotropic lamina —A lina which hs mechan ‘al properties that are he sme in every direction, the propery are no a anew of ettion at a pron in the body. docking force—A force exert by a device tha inrcduces tension ino the fie anor cables, Lal fabrioA fie wih no exp ding ‘weaving: therefore exis les rete under Tea ‘Orthtropie lamina lamina which ex mechanical properties that are diferent in 80 rmuually perpendicular dictions ata point the ous Ths, the properties are func ofthe ‘ienaton at point inthe ty ‘Scctonalize—To svg a tensile fabric strvtte into sopra Sectons that damage 0 one ‘eeton doesn extend oer sections. ‘Synelastle—A surface wit Doth radi of eu ‘ure othe sume side ofthe seace (8 phere ‘eho shape) (Fig. C=, ‘Wiarpeknit, wert-inserted fabrie—A fare with ‘he warp ys dil yarns Id Mati separa layers and ld tet with itching yor ‘Woven fabric-A avi in which the yarns intrwenve toys 13 Design Documents “This sandr ite some ofthe important ems of infomation tht rust be included inte design draw ings, deta, o sessions. Teno tended tobe amanclusive Is abd sional ene may be ‘uid by the authority having json “The structs engines of ectd may not be espeienced in the design of ese membrane Strctres, Therefore, its advable wo thr ad ‘specily scar dsign engineer tothe design team che the factor’ engineer produce Bh he espn and faction dings In ation to the minimum resuienets of Information oe into on the drawings it maybe ocesary to alo include information eating to elections a ey points, which may move and Ineree with new ce existing cosincion. C1 Field Observation “The qaliy of tensile membrane stroetres depends ‘on the workmanship in cositvtion The best of mails and design practic are no eetive unless the constuction it prfomed well Irspesion s necssry fo ensue sasfactory workin accodance tet he desig dawngs and speicaton. Inspec: tin of constrstion by er ur the supervision of the engine o architect espa forthe design ‘ould be considered fecanethe person in chase of the design i the best quid tpt fr conor mance wit the design. roar of ection the Tom ofa ob ary commended nl mages tumenig the progress of he project may also be esabl C16 References For addiona reference materi, oe the tibliography sete appends (C2 MEMBRANE MATERIALS C24 General The membrane atrial i sly fabric made of wore aid yaas, but can abo Be a Hl fi The yarns ae ost commonly ade of wyon, poles: ‘ef gas aramid poly, oe PTFE Bers, which ‘aye parallel ors ogethr. Fils are com ‘only made of ay of he mrss wud ia fbie eotings. In woe fabri the yen pss alee {ively over and under each ther In aid abies, ars replaced on op ofeach tet. Faris ae usually ted wit polyvinsehlonde (PVC), postatoo- ‘thy lne PTFE}, polyolefins or sco, Coatings ar typically wed 0 enhance properties sucha ire fesiunce, weather tighnes,ultawolet rotecton durability aesthetis, wekabiliy, work Sli, ease of malatonaee, seth, nd sis (C23 Physeal Testing Because fa lck of existing tests for many of hese properties, manufscurers have had 10 develop their ‘own insouse et fo ensure sufciem quality coat fd serene An in-house ts performed by manufacturers of Aiverlase product is the exo test ension afer flexing This est is performed ona stip tesile sample which folded fa lengthwise a roled over bya 10-5 weigh tre tines. Te saple thon unfolded at sip tei et is performed ‘The evel of tenth retention is fected by variables such a cual, cmp, cating proces, an longation ‘This est measures the ability he Woven yas to bond without ratring ind filament oe sng tesile sent. Composites that allow the yar to Spla or seal hve high retention of tes strength, {nd those with yr in close proximity do nt Retetion levels marmaly ae the range of 6S percent to 8S percent, Those measurement should Be omen during production. Large deviation from ‘stablished levels nce hat proces varales may fave occured Lower tense reeton instar tat, this fabvie i more susepuble wo damage daring Fabian, handling, an erection, (C24 Physical Properties "The mol of ela Ga both detions) and Pis- 0 aio (in oth dress) are necessary proper {ies forthe determigation ofthe tie materia proper o be se bythe einer in the analysis ofthe sracture. See Append for aims information. €25 Membrane Clasifiaton and Fire Performance ‘The performance of tense membrane seucturs unique in terms of response ies a8 compared to conventional types of constuction, The most eonmon ese membrane constnstion es noNcOM- Tastble clement sce! feams, asses, e mast nd ables) or aluminum frames sn hey timber embers supporting tensioned fie hat rea tively ightweght compared to conventional costae tio materia, Althogh he bailing fabri ar combustible some degre, te fie hard fom the site 383 complete ung is comparable o even possiby slighty beter than that of pin metal bang The real building provide she advantage tur be ulin claps (which ean ocr quickly) the fre ix eotsined completely with he bung ae the bulding conte ile fl the fe. On the egtive side, however the coniment of the ein that manner can cause the fet progres ter an tne rapidly because of energy fSedck frm he cone a containment ofthe at within the Space In adit, the hung contain the soe, ‘king scape and re ghting more fica and moe damage more severe. The tensile membrane ‘tract, onde ater hand, mcs whee isin diet {ona wth he Ame, wich resis a ope ‘wich anal smoke and eat oexape The Clas Tor Cis If eso conta salamat of {uel othe fie a hey bar. None of he code com lig fais tionally or cures se however, ignite ad spread the ie srs the fabric; ‘This opening of the fabric provides ipnieant. ene conlng the fei tht much ofthe Heat fn amok escape the building, redoing the ener ‘edhack to the ie ting a stoke sd eat ¥en ‘Tiere ae two major types of abi wed for ‘emsile membrane tctures The tadonal materials ane been sy, woven fic of eter polyester cepolyeotn which ae costed pinay wih iol ‘Se plgoenn,Teoter memorancs are woven gis fer fas. Over the yous, they have hac cated ‘vith vinyl, PTFE, and sions The primary ifr: fence rom fire perfomance stnpoit Das the ‘hela used fabrics contrib es fel 0 the fe and do no melt pila he sate, organic fabs. "Thre ae tre uation ia which Appendix A canbe une, Fit, where thoes no aly adopted ‘ie, Append A recommende Tor we Seco in many places where ther exis legally adopted Twiling code may a consi «metho foe 40 1,6 23.3 Ii, The onlinar structs fis lowe ess ad afr th the linear one unde he 49 To, fhe nol. ary is sch that he oa ffs cress aster tan the loads and assuming that for a Toad increase the ln effet incense 1, the stl fa eet ‘under the 409A nowston is 20 SOP x L/L 4 305 livin, For this ese, the linear strate has lower sexe and safer than the nonlinear one "To gain a ler andestaning of the havior of the membeae, the designer shuld run several analyses: one athe sevice lad valve ad thes a ger and lower loads to deteine the mewbvane sreaes. The sre shouldbe design forthe CAS Load Combinations During he preparation of his standard, there was ‘much discussion about whether the design ofthe ‘membrane elements shoul be aceon an allowable fio design (ASD) or lad resistance acto design (LRFD) approach, The sandal ecogizes the com Poss hese fps of sates ad toe Boom Fic and material oolincartis and how they represent ‘halen wo the designer, not only in determing the appropriate foods, bat a understanding the wat tal behavior as wel [Even more of w concen wth membrane design i the ft that theresa of thse mates wot

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