Earth Life & Science

Designated Task 2
1.

A. Analyze the rocks below. Write the words and phrases to describe the rock's characteristics, and
composition. If possible, name the type of this identified rocks. Explain why. Refer to the figure
above. (50 points)
a.1. Looks like a cluster of rocks with different layers and it has a rough texture on its surface. It
looks like a melted rock that has gone through cooling and became an igneous rock.
a.2. Looks the same with the first one but this a lighter color with layered rocks
a.3. It looks like it has granoblastic texture and it is light color with pink and white.
a.4. It looks like a Dunite rock for it has an equigranular texture and a mesocratic color.
a.5. It looks like it has a fine-grained wavy texture, and it seems that it has been transformed
through water, heat and pressure. Therefore, it is a metamorphic rock.
a.6. It shows a variety of colors on it with a fine-grained texture. It looks like a Phyllite rock.

B. Analyze the rocks below. Write the words and phrases to describe the rock's characteristics, and
composition. If possible, name the type of this identified rocks. Explain why. Refer to the figure
above. (50 points)
b.1. It looks like it has an inequigranular or equigranular texture and it has black and white
spots, so it looks like a Diorite rock.
b.2. Because of its smooth surface it looks like it has been underwater, and it has a melanocratic
color. It looks like a Gabbro rock.
b.3. looks like a Schist Rock and has a fine-grained texture.
 b.4. Almost looks the same as the third rock but it has more color into it.
b.5. It looks like a Pegmatite rock for it has small spots that cover up a small area, and it has
holocrystalline texture.
b.6. It looks like a Basalt rock for it has holes on its surface and with a mesocratic color.

C. Analyze the rocks below. Write the words and phrases to describe the rock's characteristics, and
composition. If possible, name the type of this identified rocks. Explain why. Refer to the figure
above. (50 points)
c.1. It looks like it has been transformed by heat and pressure, and it looks big like it’s a boulder
type of rock. It might be a Metamorphic rock
c.2. It looks like a Sedimentary rock because of its marks with sharp edges. It seems to me that it
is Limestone.
c.3. It has a laminated and fine-grained texture with sharp edges. It looks like it is also
Limestone.
c.4. This seems to be a layered rock with a shiny surface due to grains of muscovite.
c.5. It looks like it has been compressed and looks like the side of a mountain.
c.6. It has a colorful surface with a coarse surface, it looks like a Granite rock.

2. Identify what type of rock is formed based on the following arrow. (Choices are igneous, sedimentary,
metamorphic rock). (200 points)

A. Identify how did this each of the rocks can be formed on the arrows specified.

1. The rocks are formed and produced here are cooled off from the melted magma or lava.
2. It is magma that has been discharged from the volcano which is now called lava and it will
either spread or cool off.
3. These lava plateaus, huge, flat igneous rocks were created as a result of the cooling and
hardening of magma.
4. This is the area where you can find Laccolith.
5. This area contains large dome-shaped uplifts caused by igneous rock that has intruded
between the geological strata.

B. Explain the mechanisms involved

The process where lava cools off and can form new rocks and minerals.

C. What are the types (specific example of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) of rocks
that can be found there?

Igneous rocks can be found there because of the cooling and solidification of lava or magma.

D. What are the possible characteristics that can be observed from the rocks present?

They are all formed from the magma or lava giving them a dark color when they cool off.

3. Minerals and Rocks: Below is the potential mineral areas and deposits.

a. Luzon Central Cordillera - Au, Cu, Fe, Mn

b. Northern Sierra Madre - Cr, Ni, Cu

c. Zambales - Cr, Ni, Co, Pt, Cu, Au

d. Vizcaya-Aurora - Cu, Au e. Bicol - Au, Fe, Cu

f. Southern Tagalog - Cu, Au, Ni, Co

g. Central Visayas - Cu, Au, Mn

h. Samar - Eastern Mindanao - Au, Cu, F, Cr, Ni, Co, Pt, Mn

i. North Central Mindanao - Cr, Cu, Au

j. Zamboanga Peninsula - Au, Cu, Cr, Fe

k. Southern Mindanao - Cu, Au

l. Palawan - Cr, Ni, Co, Pt, Au

A. By referring to the figure specified above. What are the possible reasons on how this
mineral was formed or can be found only on the specified regions/places? (Explain it from 1
to 12).

1. The complex area known as the Canadian Cordillera is the eastern area of the Cordillera is
mostly known for its resources of fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, while the
western and central regions are home to a variety of metals, including gold, copper, iron,
silver, lead, and zinc. These might be the cause. The Cordillera also supports a mineral-rich
strip that passes through the region.

2. The Sierra Madre Oriental is a 1,000-kilometer-long range of folded mountains in

northeastern Mexico. The mountains are composed of limestone and shale and contain
considerable amounts of copper, lead, and zinc. They were formed about 60 million years
ago.

3. Southwest of the northern Luzon region of the Philippines is where the Zambales Mountains
are a volcanic range. The range stretches northwest to southeast from the Lingayen Gulf in
the north to the Bataan Peninsula and the entrance to Manila Bay in the south.

4. This explains why copper and gold are plentiful in Vizcaya-Aurora, which is primarily
mountains facing the mid-eastern Pacific Coast of Luzon, about 232 kilometers from Manila.

5. There are four mountain ranges in Camarines Norte. They are Mount Labo, Mount Cadig,
Mount Cadig, and Susong Dalaga Mountain. Mount Bagacay is a dormant mountain in the
town of Paracale. Views of the Labo River, which empties into Vinzons, are available from its
summit. One of the locations with a wealth of mineral resources is the Bicol region. Its
lengthy mining history and experience have demonstrated that it has a highly rich potential
for metallic minerals.

6. The majority of Cavite is composed of volcanic rocks, particularly tuff, cinders, basalt,
breccias, agglomerate, and interbeddings of shales and sandstones.
7. The landscape of Cebu City is rugged and rocky, rising up to more than 900 meters above
mean sea level. The only level areas are around the shorelines that extend a few kilometers
inland. Bohol's coastline is also exceedingly regular, smooth, and abundant in non-metallic
resources including clay, limestone, guano, and high-grade silica, among other things.

8. The interior of Samar Province is rough and rocky, covered with thick tropical vegetation,
and drained by numerous rivers and creeks. There are several mountain ranges and summits
in an interior.

9. The terrain is very varied, with volcanic mountain formations making up the majority of the
larger islands' cores. Mineral resources are rich in Mindanao. There are metallic reserves of
lead, zinc, ore, iron, copper, chromite, magnetite, and gold among others. Nearly half of the
country's gold reserves come from the gold mining in Mindanao.

10. Between 2009 and 2014, the Canatuan copper-zinc mine produced a total of 199,778 dry
metric tonnes of copper concentrate and 30,558 dry metric tonnes of zinc concentrate,
resulting in gross sales of US$393.0 million and net cash flows of US$151.0 million.

11. The region's geography is dominated by peninsular and island morphology, with an uneven
distribution of plateaus and lowlands. Large mountain ranges that run the length of the
western border, the northern central region, and the northwest region leading to the
peninsula in the southeast are its defining features.

12. The northwest coast is especially rugged and hilly, with the main island's center axis being
steep and hilly throughout. Narrow areas of coastal lowlands generally round the
southeasterly coast. Minerals such as limestone, nickel, chromite, copper, iron, and mercury
are also present. Palawan's tremendous natural resources have attracted interested foreign
firms including mining operations in addition to tourists from all over the world.

B. As we can observe, most of the minerals that can be found on each region are non-silicates.
Is it possible for us/mining industry to harvest silicate minerals? If yes, where? If no, why?

Yes, because the silicates make up about 95 percent of Earth’s crust and upper mantle,
occurring as the major constituents of most igneous rocks and in appreciable quantities
in sedimentary and metamorphic varieties as well. They also are important constituents of lunar
samples, meteorites, and most asteroids. In addition, planetary probes have detected their
occurrence on the surfaces of Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Of the approximately 600 known
silicate minerals, only a few dozen—a group that includes
the feldspars, amphiboles, pyroxenes, micas, olivines, feldspathoids, and zeolites—are
significant in rock formation.
 Performance Task

1. Based on the following conditions classify what type of mineral are we referring to.

1. Fluorite
2. Plagioclase feldspar
3. Biotite Mica
4. Augite

2. Hardness Scale

1.Talcum
2.Gypsum
3.Calcite
4.Fluorite
5.Apatite
6.Orthoclase
7.Quartz
8.Topaz
9.Corundum
10. Diamond

3. Upon the different mechanisms involved in the rock cycle. Identify the name of each rock that can be
found on the picture below. Write the letter and what time of rock. (300 points)

Conglomerate - F

Limestone - D

Basalt - B

Gneiss - E

Obsidian - C

Marble – A

4. Which of the following characteristics can you see on the given rock?

1. Rock A
a. Metamorphic rock
b. Crystal
c. Forms when a pre-existing limestone rock is heated to extremely high temperatures then
the minerals grow and fuse together.
d. Marble

2. Rock F
a. Sedimentary rock
 b. Sand or pebbles
c. Formed from the deposits by fast flowing rivers or waves on the beach.
d. Conglomerate

3. Rock C
a. Igneous rock
b. Glassy surface
c. Formed by the rapid cooling of lava from volcanoes.
d. Obsidian

4. Rock D
a. Sedimentary rock
b. Fossils
c. Forms when calcite or aragonite precipitate out of water that contains dissolved calcium.
d. Limestone

5. Rock E
a. Metamorphic rock
b. Ribbonlike layers
c. Formed by changing schist, granite, or volcanic rocks through intense heat and pressure.
d. Gneiss

6. Rock B
a. Igneous rock
b. Gas bubbles
c. Formed from basaltic lava, which is gabbro-norite magma that has been exposed or very
near the Earth's surface from deep under the crust, rapidly cools.
d. Basalt