MEMS 5705 WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS FINAL PROJECT Spring 2017 Due April 19 You are to design a wind-powered vehicle that will have a mass of 500 kg (ie, will weigh 4,959 N). (See Figure 1.) The car must be able to travel at a minimum speed of 5.0m/sec upwind in a 15.0m/sec wind. Assume that the car has a rolling drag of 0.10 times the car weight. Assume the car body has an aerodynamic drag coefficient of Cp = 1.0 with an equivalent body drag area of As = 10 m?, Design a wind power system that has at least 25% more power than the power predicted from momentum theory (in order to compensate for the losses in the rotor and drive train). In order for your car to travel at the required speed upwind, the total power into the car from the wind turbine (shaft power into the wheels) must be greater than the combined power lost due to thrust drag from the turbine, profile drag from the body, and rolling friction drag from the wheels. The following formulas will apply. rotor thrust: T= 2nRp(W +V-u)(u) w rotor shaft power: P= 2nR%p(W + V~u)?(u) @ net power to car: - VT= 2nRep(W + V-u)(W-u)(u) (3) power lost to air: 1/2)pAa(W+V)2Co (V) @ power lost to wheels: .10(mg)| V|(always positive) 6) POWER REQUIREMENT: Py > 1.25(Po + Pw) ©) Wis the wind speed, V is the ground speed (>0 for upwind and <0 for downwind), and u is the induced flow (always opposite to W). You may neglect swirl in this analysis and you may assume a tip speed ratio of k= 7.0. Assume that the height of the rotor hub above the cg of the car is h = 1.2R, where Ris rotor radius. 1) Use momentum theory and find the best value of u of to maximize rotor propulsive efficiency. In other words, take the derivative of Py with respect to u and set it to zero, There will be two roots. The smaller positive root is the feasible one. To check yourself, when V=0 you should get u = W/3. However, with the TV in there, it changes and will not be W/3. Remember, the wind speed relative to the car is U = WV because you are going upstream. Size your rotor to make sure that you have enough power (from the above formulas) to drive upwind at 5.0 m/sec. Choose the length between wheels (L) so that the vehicle will not tip over with a safety factor of 2 (twice minimum length). 2.) See how fast your configuration can travel downwind, but slower than the wind, -W 1.25(Pp+ Pw) (as) It turns out your quadratic formula from before is still good; but, with (W+V) < 0, you must take the positive square root instead of the negative one to get the smaller positive rotor. How fast can your car travel downwind faster than the wind? Since you can’t go through vortex-ring state, do you have any ideas of how to make the transition from windmill to helicopter mode to get to this faster-than-the-wind condition?— | 2h c Om bach 4% we Ls A p 4 3 . v 1 Ata) penne o> A An bi pool "), Eo