Fundamentals 1

My name is ...
I'm ... years old.
I'm from ...
I like ...

Greetings
Hello = formal
Hi = informal
How are you?
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
How's everything?
How's it going?
What's up?

Farewells

Good-bye
Bye
Bye-bye
see you
see you tomorrow
see you next week
see you later
see you next weekend
Have a nice day
Have a good evening
Have a nice weekend
Have a good week
Good night
Take care
So long

Piece of cake

Unit 1

saleswoman
salesman
waiter
waitress
actor
actress

"Be"

I = am
He
She = is
It
They
You = are
We

Adjectives
Places or location
Age
Jobs or occupations
Nationalities

I'm a teacher. I'm not a teacher.

Is Maria a secretary. Maria isn't a secretary.
Charlie's handsome. Charlie isn't handsome.
It's Germany. It isn't Germany.
We're students. We're not students.
Pepe and Juan are athletes. Pepe and Juan aren't athletes.
You're 22 years old. You aren't 22 years old.

A = consonant or consonant sound

A car A university A hero
A table A uniform
A teacher A unicorn
A secretary A house

An = vowel or vowel sound

An apple An MTV show
An eraser An MP3 player
An elephant An hour
An orange

Plural nouns
Rules

1)Most nouns add "s" = books - computers - cell phones - boys - keys
2)When the noun ends in consonant + "y", change "y" to "i" and add "es" =
dictionaries - libraries - flies
3)When the noun ends in "ch-sh-s-ss-z-x", add "es" = watches - boxes - kisses
4)When the noun ends in "f", change "f" to "v" and add "es" = wife - wives - wolf -
wolves - knife - knives
But chefs - roofs - gulfs - cliffs
5)When the noun ends in "o", add "s" or "es"
heroes - pianos - tomatoes - potatoes - photos - kilos - metros - volcanos(es)

Some nouns are always plural.

scissors - jeans - pants - shorts - glasses - sunglasses

Irregular nouns

man = men
woman = women
person = people
child = children
tooth = teeth
foot = feet
fish = fish
goose = geese
mouse = mice
ox = oxen
sheep = sheep
cactus = cacti

classes
monkeys
zoos
leaves
scarves
horses
bushes
cities
days
bridges

Yes/no questions

We are students.
Are we students?
Yes, we are. / Yes, we're students.
No, we aren't. / No, we're not students. / No, we're not. We're doctors.

She's 30 years old.

Is she 30 years old?
Yes, She is. / Yes, she's 30 years old.
No, she's not. / No, she's not 30 years old. / No, she's not. She's 20 years old.

I'm late.
Am I late?
Yes, you are. / yes, you're late.
No, you're not. / No, you're not late. / No, you're not. You're early.

so far, so good

Yes, he's a singer.

No, he isn't a singer.

Yes, we are flight attendants.

No, he isn't a chef. He's a writer.

Yes, they're bankers.

No, they aren't over there.

spell

How do you spell ...?

Possessive adjectives

I = my
He = his
She = her
It = its
They = their
We = our
You = your

Possessive adjective + noun

My cell phone isn't new.

Her parents aren't from Cali.
His girlfriend isn't beautiful.
Our house is big.
Is your name ugly?
Are your friends crazy?
Possessive nouns
's / s'

Pepe's girlfriend isn't beautiful.

Maria's parents aren't from Cali.
Felipe's house is big.
Cesar's Ferrari is imaginary.
Exito's workers are tired.
The teachers' books are on the table.
The teacher's books are on the table.
The kids' balls are new.
The children's balls are new.
Carlos's mother is a nurse.
Andres's sister is a student.
Maria and Juan's house is blue.
Maria's and Juan's parents are divorced.

Wh (information question)
Where + aux + subj + from?
Where are you from?
I'm from Ibague.

Where are Camila's parents?

They're from Medellin.
Her parents are from Medellin.

Where's Mario's girlfriend from?

His girlfriend is from Cartagena.
She's from Cartagena.

Where's your mother from?

My mother is from Cali.
She's from Cali.

Yes/no questions
Aux + subj + from + comp?

Are you from Bogota?

Yes, I am. I'm from Bogota.
No, I'm not. I'm from Ibague.

Is Carla's father from Barranquilla?

Yes, he is. He's from Barranquilla.
No, he isn't. He's from Santa Marta.

Titles

Mr = men - single/married
Mrs= women - married
Miss= women - single
Ms = women - single/married

Full name
Cesar Mauricio Camacho
first middle last
name name name
What

What's your name?

My name is Laura.
It's Laura.

What's your telephone number?

It's 3103349463
My telephone number is ...

What's your e-mail address?

It's cmclbloody@hotmail.com

What's Melisa's favorite color?

It's blue.
Her favorite color is blue.

What's Camilo's phone number?

His phone number is 3122745094.

What are their last names?

They are Quintero and Lopez.
Their last names are Quintero and Lopez.

What's their phone number?

It's 2684673.