Translated from German to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.
com
VDE-AR-N
4105:2018-11
Hager system solutions to
comply with the
VDE-AR-N 4105:2018-11
"Generating plants on
low-voltage network"
requirements for the
Connection of generating plants in
the low-voltage grid
according to VDE-AR-N 4105
The application rule VDE-AR-N
4105:2018-11, in conjunction with VDE-
AR-N 4100:2019-04 "Technical rules for
the connection of customer systems to
the low-voltage network and their
operation", specifies the technical
requirements for generation systems
and energy storage .
The current VDE-AR-N 4105
summarizes the essential aspects to be
considered when connecting
generating plants to the public low-
voltage network of the network
operator. It serves the network
operator, the manufacturer as well as
the installer as a planning document
and decision-making aid. In addition,
the operator receives important
information on the operation of such
systems.
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45
The application rule applies to
generating plants and energy storage
systems that are newly connected to the
low-voltage grid, as well as to the
expansion or modification of existing
systems. For an existing, unchanged
part of the electrical system, there is no
obligation to adapt this VDE application
rule, provided a safe and trouble-free
power supply is ensured. This applies to
all generating plants and energy
storage systems that are operated in
parallel with the grid operator's low-
voltage grid, as well as to those that do
not feed into the grid operator's low-
voltage grid. What is new, however, is
the dynamic grid support. Herewith one
Grid instability or grid disconnection
can be prevented, ie that an
unintentional shutdown as a result of
brief voltage dips or voltage increases
is prevented.
Haggle tip
The VDE-AR-N 4105 applies to
photovoltaic systems, CHP generation
systems, energy storage, wind and
hydroelectric power generation units,
Stirling generators, fuel cells and
asynchronous generators directly
coupled to the grid with a total
effective power (∑ P ) up toAmax
135 kW,
which are independent of the voltage
level to the Low or medium voltage
network can be connected.
For generating plants and
energy storage with an effective
power (∑ P ) between
Amax
135 kW
and 950 kW, the requirements of
VDE-AR-N 4110:2018-11 must be
met
"Technical connection rules for
medium voltage" (formerly BDEW
guideline).
1
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According to the standard, a distinction is a maximum active power (∑ P ) <

made between type 2 asynchronous 135 Amax
kW and an additional
generators (ASG) and type 1 synchronous synchronous active power of type 1
generators (SG) for generating plants.
According to VDE-AR-N 4105, it is permissible (see Figure 1).
to use type 2 generating plants with

Example:for feeding systems > 135 kW according to AR-N 4105:2018-11 from generators of type 1+2

power cord VDE-AR-N 4105:

Total: Type 2: 134 kW
+ Total: Type 1: 100 kW
house connection box
Total: 234kW

∑ all GPs

EZA EZA EZA

type2 type1 type1

ASG SG SG
3- 3- 3-

EZE EZE Type2+ EZE EZE EZE EZE

type2 Storage type2 type2 type1 type1

exchange exchange CHP 1 inverter CHP 2 CHP 3

judge PV judge PV + Asynchronous turbine Synchronous Synchronous
Storage (wind/water)
50kW 50kW 19kW 15kW 50kW 50kW
Legend
ASG = asynchronous generator / EZA = generating plant / EZE = generating facility / SG = synchronous generator / Z = meter

illustration 1 September

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 Hager Tip 45

network and system
protection / NA protection
An essential requirement of VDE-AR-N
4105:2018-11 is the central network
and system protection, which is
required for generating systems with a
maximum apparent power (Σ SAmax) of
> 30 kVA. As a rule, unless there is an
exception, this is to be installed in the
distribution panel of the central meter
station.
This protection can be achieved with the
Hager mains decoupling relay EU400, for
example. The device monitors voltage
and frequency in three-phase and
alternating current networks and acts
directly on the central section switch (e.g.
contactor,
Circuit breaker with motor drive) and,
in the event of a fault, directly to the
inverter.
The relay triggers when defined limit
values of a voltage or frequency
increase are exceeded or fallen
below.
The limit values for different
applications are preset. They can – as
far as permitted – be easily changed.
With a 2-stage test, both tripping
circuits can be tested separately and
the switching time of the connected
section switch can be determined. In
addition, a remote shutdown can be
implemented with the standby input
E1-E2 (e.g. with a ripple control
receiver).

The Hager grid decoupling relay

EU400 meets the conditions for
central NS protection according to
EU400 mains decoupling relay
VDE-AR-N 4105:2018-11 in in-house
generation systems for feeding into
Example of AR-N 4110:2018-11 for feeding into the medium-voltage grid the low-voltage grid. For this
application rule, corresponding
parameters were stored in program
2 of the device and the monitoring of
the
superior Coupler switch and the protection of
decoupling protection M parameters adjusted accordingly.

MV network The EU400 is suitable as unit protection

intermediate
decoupling protection
NS network
on the generating units for feeding into
the medium-voltage grid in accordance
with VDE-AR-N 4110:2018-11. This can
M
be used as intermediate and also as
higher-level decoupling protection
between 135 and 950 kW effective
power, provided no QU protection is
EZA Relation required by the DSO. As an example for
generation plant AR-N 4110:2018-11 see Figure 2.
135kW≤EZA≤950kW

Figure 2

The device has a two-channel, single- not on again if a shutdown error is

fault-safe design and thus meets the detected; in the event of switch-on
current requirements. The device errors, attempts are made to switch
switches when the monitoring of the on again in order to ensure increased
connected switch is activated availability of the system.

At a glance:
Special features of the Hager mains decoupling relay EU400:
- Self-monitoring / single-fault security
- 2-level password protection / sealing
- Test button has a separate effect on both trip circuits (coupling switch / inverter)
- Defined limit values for voltage, frequency, switch-on and switch-off times
- Certificate for VDE-AR-N 4105:2018-11 + 4110:2018-11 (medium voltage)

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Hager Tip 45
dome switch
A tie switch must be used to connect
the generating plant to the low-
voltage network of the network
operator or to the customer system.
The tie switch is controlled by the NA
protection (grid and system
protection) and is triggered
automatically if at least one
protective device responds. The
following criteria must be observed
during installation:
- The switching devices of the
individual generating units
(integrated coupling switch) can be
used as coupling switches.
- In the case of generating plants with an
apparent power (∑ S ) from
Amax
30 kVA, there is
a central section switch
(e.g. contactor, circuit breaker)
required.
- The section switch must be designed in
accordance with the required protective
devices for dynamic grid support and must
be instantaneous within the framework of
the FRT (Fault Ride
through limit curve).
Network security management / feed-in
management for power reduction
In order to avoid network overload,
generating plants must be limited in
their active power. This can be done
as follows:
- Generating plants up to 30 kWp can
either participate in network security
management / feed-in management
or permanently limit their feed-in
capacity to 70 percent of the
generation capacity (see below).
- Installations over 30 kWp must
have a remote control
have power reduction.
- For systems over 100 kWp, the
actual feed-in power must be
called up.
A control line from the NS protection or
grid security management to the
generating plant is recommended.
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Dynamic grid support
according to VDE-AR-N 4105
The following conditions apply to
generating units and storage: As long as
the line-to-neutral conductor voltages
present at the generating unit or
storage are within the required limit
curves, there must be no grid instability
or grid disconnection in the entire
operating range of the generating unit
or storage.
Coupling switches must be backed up for
up to three seconds in the event of
undervoltage in order to compensate for
network wipers.
HTG911H power supply
70 percent rule
In concrete terms, this requirement
means that system operators who do
not participate in feed-in management
may permanently feed in no more than
70 percent of the installed capacity.
"SG-EM": Control unit - feed-in management
p > 100 kWp
PV generator
+ p > 30 to ≤ 100 kWp
inverter
p ≤ 30kWp
Figure 3
A notice:In order to avoid a
malfunction in the event of
undervoltage, the use of a suitable
auxiliary power supply for the
operation of the circuit breaker or
contactor is recommended. The
power supply HTG911H (24 V DC)
from Hager is suitable for this.
- The section switch is to be installed at
the central meter station or
decentrally in a suitable circuit
distributor.
Depending on the network system,
there are different requirements for
the section switch:
- In the TN system, three outer conductors must
be switched.
- All poles must be switched in the TT
system (the three external conductors
and the neutral conductor).
- In "island network operation" the section
switch can take over the mains separation
function, so all poles must be switched.
In order to be able to feed in 100
percent of the power permanently,
you need feed-in management and a
ripple control receiver for
curtailment by the DSO (see Figure
3).
Retrieval of actual feed-in feed-in management
choice
by plant operators
70 percent limit
the active power
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Layout of the systems:

Direct or converter measurement
The direct or converter measurement is The general rule: direct measurement
designed according to the regulations - Direct measurement < 30 kW - < 30 kW: only one meter for import and
of the responsible VNB and must always - Converter measurement delivery (bidirectional measurement)
be coordinated with the responsible between ≥ 30 and < 135 kW - > 30 kW: An additional generation
VNB. counter with backstop is required
(converter measurement)
- ≥ 20 kW and < 30 kW: The PV
Example: Example: wiring must be at least 16 mm
2Cable cross-section can be
bidirectional measurement bidirectional measurement
up to 30 kW generation and up to 30 kW generation
70 percent regulation via inverter realized

Grid security management

for power control
- Feed-in management
(Reference: 0%, 30%, 60%, 100%)
- Or 70 percent rule, limited at
the inverter

**

Two- APZ place Two- SG-EM* place APZ place

directional- directional- as a three-point
Measurement Measurement attachment
or DIN rail

Example: Example:
Direct measurement with excess feed-in of up to 30 Direct measurement with surplus feed-in up
kW and 70% control via inverter to 30 kW

**

Two- generating APZ place Two- generating SG-EM* place APZ place
directional- Measurement directional- Measurement as a three-point
Measurement Measurement attachment
or DIN rail
* Control unit - feed-in management / ** Reserve space control unit

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Hager Tip 45

For systems between 30 kW and 135
kWIt should be noted that after the
DNO converter measurement, a central
NA protection, a coupling switch with
the corresponding supply and a grid
security management for power control
(target value: 0%, 30%, 60%, 100%) are
required - see the following example.
For systems according to VDE-AR-N
4110:2018-11 with an active power (∑ P
Amax) in between135kW and 950kWType
2 (asynchronous generator) requires a
central decoupling protection, a
section switch with the corresponding
voltage supply and a network security
management for power control after
the DNO converter measurement.
The Hager mains decoupling relay
EU400 described on page 3 is suitable
for this. It is preset for the higher-level
decoupling protection or for the
intermediate decoupling protection on
generating units if no QU protection is
required by the DSO.

Examples of requested shutdown

Construction with circuit breaker

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