FORM 312A-1: Related Literature Survey Grid
Proponent Name: _______________________________________
Research Area: ____________________________________
No Title, Author Year Citations Problems
1 Hydrosols and 2013 66 Aromatic plants clre processed by
Water-Soluble different distillation techruiques to
Essential Oils: yield 5 distinct products: essential
Medicinal and oil, hydrosol, distilled biomass,
Biological residual water and plant ash from
Properties the furnace. Hydrosols are used in
-B.R. Ra.lpswane perfumery, cosmetics, food
Reo flavoring, aromatherapy and
traditional therapies. Hydrosols
possess biological activities and
have potential as global economic
products of commerce. In many
essential oil producing and
exporting countries, these
hydrosols are discarded, therefore
wasted. Many of the aromatic
plants currently not utilized for
essential oil production can be
economically distilled for hydrosol
production. Producers need to be
trained in collecting, processing,
storing and marketing hydrosols. In
addition to the currently traded
hydrosols, many more can be
produced from aromatic plants that
are presently not utilized for
essential oil extraction.
Year and Section: _______________________ Date: _________________________
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Research/Question(s)/ Hypotheses, Methodology/Research Design
Objectives
The biological activities of hydrosols Essential oil is the principal Essential oils are stored in specialized plant
are attributed to the major economic product of trade from structures viz. glandular trichomes/oil
compounds and their functional fragrant plants' distillation process. glands, idioblasts, cavities, channels or in
groups by some researchers Recent research suggests that heartwoods in aromatic plants and are
(Inouye ef a1.,2009) while others essential oils can be used as coating extracted by 3 distillation methods viz.
found no correlation between materials on urea to increase hydro or water, steam and steam-cum-
major constituents and the nitrogen use efficiency by field crops. water distillation employing mild/stainless
biological activity (Moon et Water-soluble essential oil steel equipments of varying capacities.
a1.,2006). It should be noted that concentrates and water-soluble Other methods practiced for isolation of
minor components possess natural oils and essential oils from aromatic plants include
biological activities and the emollients are also marketed by cold pressing, super critical fluid/CO,
presence or absence of the several companies. extraction and solvent extraction.
activities may be associated with
the sensitivity of the organism
tested, origin and composition of
the hydrosols, synergistic or
additive effects of the components
etc. Inouye et al. (2008) compared
the profiles of 44 hydrosols and
their essential oils. They reported
that 58% of the hydrosols had the
same major compound(s) as their
essential oils, while 427o of them
had different major constituents
relative to their essential oils.
2 Biogas 2017 36 Biogas from biomass appears to Bacteria form biogas during Biogas from biomass appears to An efficient method for the conversion of
technology for have potential as an alternative anaerobic fermentation of organic have potential as an alternative biomass to energy is the production of
sustainable energy source, which is potentially matters. The degradation is very energy source, which is potentially biogas by microbial degradation of organic
energy rich in biomass resources. . To be complex process and requires rich in biomass resources. This is an matter
generation: truly competitive in an open market certain environmental conditions as overview of some salient points and under the absence of oxygen (anaerobic
development situation, higher value products are well as different bacteria perspectives of biogas technology. digestion). It is now possible to produce
and perspectives required. Associating an economic populations. The complete The current literature is reviewed biogas at rural installation, upgrade it to bio-
value to these environmental anaerobic fermentation process is regarding the methane, feed it into the gas grid, use it in a
-Abdeen benefits, linked to consumer briefly described below as shown in ecological, social, cultural and heat demand-controlled CHP and to receive
Omer preferences has contributed to Table 1, and Figure 1. Biogas is a economic impacts of biogas revenues. Biogas is a mixture containing
increased energy production in this relatively high value fuel that is technology. Other technologies for predominantly methane (50-65% by
area. Results suggest that biogas formed during anaerobic gradation transforming organic material into volume) and carbon dioxide and in a natural
technology must be encouraged, of organic matter. The process has biogas, such setting it is formed in swamps and
promoted, invested, implemented, been known, and put to work in a as gasification, are outside the scope anaerobic sediments, etc., due to its high
and number of different applications of this thesis. This article methane concentration, biogas is a valuable
demonstrated, but especially in during the past 30years, for rural gives an overview of present and fuel. Wet (40-95%) organic materials with
remote rural areas. needs. Support biomass research future use of biomass as an low lignin and cellulose content are
and exchange experiences with industrial feedstock for generally suitable for anaerobic digestion.
countries that are advanced in this production of fuels, chemicals and Techniques are being
field. In the meantime, the other materials. used to construct plants that produce novel
biomass energy can help to save proteins and metabolites
exhausting the oil wealth. that may be used as vaccines or for other
therapeutic use
3 System studies 2020 105 To increase the development of Different organic materials can be The aim of this thesis is to perform a h
of Biogas biogas production systems, used as substrate (inputs) for the systems analysis of biogas
production: knowledge biogas production process. production
Comparisons sharing is a key factor. The process Common substrates are food waste systems and to explore how to
and that contributes most to the results from households and restaurants, analyse and compare biogas
performance is the industrial waste from the food production systems.
reduction of oil use in the boiler at processing industry and An additional aim is to study biogas
- the company. To increase this slaughterhouses, sludge from production systems from a systems
Emma Lindkvist knowledge sharing, comprehensible wastewater treatment plants, perspective, with a focus on
analysis and comparisons of biogas manure and othe residues from the environment, organic materials,
production systems are necessary. agriculture sector (Wellinger et al., energy and economy. Studying
Thus, 2013). Depending on the biogas
studies are needed to verify the composition of the substrate used, production systems from different
resource efficiency of biogas different pre-treatment system levels, as well as from
production systems technologies are different
from different perspectives. needed, to prepare the substrate approaches, is beneficial because it
for digestion in the digesters at the results in deeper knowledge of
biogas plants. Pre-treatment can biogas
include crushing or grinding to systems and greater opportunities to
reduce the size of the material, identify synergies.
diluting to make the substrate more
volatile, and removal of unwanted
material such as plastics, textile,
metals or gravel (Wellinger et al.,
2013).
4 Research 2020 77 Fluorescence is a common Fluorescent hydrogel is a kind of In this paper, it With the expansion of the application field
Progress Review phenomenon, which has been polymer gel, which has should be noted that some of hydrogels, people have more
of Preparation studied in detail all over the world. attracted the attention of scientists outstanding research about the requirements for their performance. In
and Applications In 1970, Galley et al. because of its special fluorescent gels used in sensors, bio- order to improve the comprehensive
of Fluorescent independently found that the luminescent properties [4–8]. imaging probes, drug delivery, and performance of fluorescent hydrogels and
Hydrogels spectral properties of aromatic Fluorescent gel can be regarded as other application fields is better meet the requirements of different
-Weiwei Su,1 fluorophores embedded in different the combination of light and gel, summarized. ,is work provides useful application fields, researchers have
Ran Wang,1 rigid and highly viscous which possesses excellent reference and information materials developed different preparation
Cheng Qian,2,3 media did not conform to the properties of hydrogel. The for further exploration and study of methods. ,e water-soluble or hydrophilic
Xuetong Li,3 Qi classical rules. The fluorescence production at the external fluorescent hydrogels. polymers can form hydrogels through
Tong,1 and spectrum shows different color biogas plants is assumed to certain
Tifeng Jiao fluorescence, which decrease and as a result, the output chemical or physical crosslinking. ,e
also depends on the excitation of vehicle fuel oil and district fluorescent hydrogels can be prepared by
wavelength; different excitation heating respectively would self-assembly, polymerization, crosslinking,
leads to different color states. ,e decrease. Adjusting the and other methods. Among them, self-
distribution of chromophore and the environment assembly belongs to physical crosslinking
excited states and the different of the excited state can change the and it is a method to prepare hydrogels
dielectric relaxation rate in a state of the fluorescent hydrogel based on weak interaction forces.
certain environment promote the and the change of its emission Polymerization is a kind of chemical
different emission of spectrum, making it have great crosslinking, because chemical reaction
fluorescence significance in the fields of occurs, which causes the intermolecular
biosensor, fluorescence probe, covalent bond to act to form hydrogel.
imaging tracking, and cancer
treatment.

Total 284

Priority Areas of Mechanical Engineering Department

Area 1 Agricultural Machineries (sugarcane planter, groundnut sheller, loader and harvester, rice planter and thresher, grain dryers, others)
Area 2 Post-Harvest Facilities (sugar milling, muscovado processing others)
Area 3 Industrial Machineries (centrifugal baskets, food processing equipment, industrial automation, others)
Area 4 Renewable Energy (wind and water turbines, others)
Area 5 Power Electronics
Area 6 Robotics
Area 7 Disaster Risk Management
Area 8 Food Safety and Security
 Analysis & Results
Hydrosols of these plant species can be
produced at affordable cost and tested
for various uses enormously increasing
the choice of the industry to select
hydrosols of their preference. Disposal
of distillation products is a poorly
studied subject and need the attention
of the researchers as they release
volatile substances with varied effects.
Farmers/producers need to be trained
in collecting, processing and trading
hydrosols.
Conclusions
Hydrosols are produced as co-products
during distillation of aromatic
plants to isolate essential oils from
them. Hydrosol a soil conditioner
synthesized from superabsorbent
anionic polyacrylamide polymers
possessing high water and nutrient
absorbing and retaining capability and
useful in agriculture, horticulture and
forestry for yield enhancements of
crops/trees. Hydrosols contain small
fraction of water-soluble components
of the essential oil. Herbal and
floral hydrosols are widely used in
flavor and fragrance industries
and traditional therapies. Due to their
mild nature, hydrosols are
finding extensive application in
aromatherapy industry.
Implications for Future Research Search Strings with Keywords Source, Title (URL or DOI, book
title, etc.)
The physical, chemical and biological https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270281550_H
processes responsible for the
development of hydrosols during
distillation of aromatic plants have
not been investigated in detail.
Despite the current popularity
enjoyed by herbal and floral
hydrosols, no legal definitions of
hydrosol and its grades and no
specifications or standards for
aromatherapy, food. cosmetic and
other applications are available.
Scientific validation of several claims
made by aromatherapy practitioners
based on their experience has yet to
be carried out. Though it is claimed
that hydrosols can safely be stored for
12 months or more, shelf-life and
safety studies on long term use of
stored hydrosols are lacking.
Financial hedges (such as futures and
options) are contractual
vehicles that convey rights and
obligations to buy or sell a commodity
at a specified price. Possible purchasing
strategies using hedges are
summarised in Table 10. These financial
derivations are a method of
reducing price risk with a relatively
modest transaction price. Over
the past 10 years the use of financial
hedges has grown dramatically.
Figure 7 illustrates various hypothetical
reduction strategies and the
resulting average fuel price. The basic
concept is to utilise existing
financial tools to guard against
conditions that will negatively affect
the operating budget and its byproduct.
Biogas technology can not only provide In some rural communities, cultural DOI:
fuel, but is also beliefs regarding handling 10.15406/mojabb.2017.01.0002
important for comprehensive utilisation animal dung are prevalent and will 2
of biomass forestry, influence the acceptability of
animal husbandry, fishery, evoluting biogas technology.
the agricultural economy, - Co-ordination of production and use
protecting the environment, realising of biogas, fertiliser and
agricultural recycling, as pollution control can optimise the
well as improving the sanitary promotion and development of
conditions, in rural areas. agricultural and animal husbandry in
rural areas. Scientific assumptions for
a short-term energy strategy suggest
that the most economically efficient
way to replace the thermal plants is to
modernise existing power plants to
increase their energy efficiency and to
improve their environmental
performance.
The overall results show that treating
organic waste from the food industry
with anaerobic digestion to produce
biogas could be a good option from the
different aspects of resource efficiency
under these circumstances. The results
show that the best option from an
economic and environmental (GWP)
perspective is the production of biogas
locally at the studied food company.
The reason for this is mainly due to the
ability to decrease the consumption of
oil at the food company, with the
installation of a biogas plant.
This thesis is based upon the results
from five papers, which are appended.
The aims of this thesis are to perform
systems analysis of biogas production
systems with focus on environmental
conditions, energy and economy and to
explore how to analyse and compare
biogas production system. The aims of
the thesis are achieved by answering
two research questions, found in the
headings of the subsequent two
subchapters.
During the work on this thesis and the https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1426646/F
appended papers, several ideas for
additional studies have emerged. A
continuation of the work on the
Framework
for Categorization would be
interesting. If more biogas production
plants could
be included in the framework, there
might be a possibility of getting closer
to a
common international classification
for biogas production systems.
When performing an environmental
assessment, several impact categories
could
be considered. According to Hijazi et
al. (2016), the greatest environmental
benefit of biogas systems, compared
to fossil systems, is in global warming
potential (GWP), and according to
Cherubini and Strømman (2011), it is
the most
common impact category used in
scientific studies.
The fluorescent hydrogels also have
some defects. For example, the gel
prepared by noncovalent
interaction has poor mechanical
stability due to the weak
interaction between the gels. ,erefore,
based on the good
product of fluorescent hydrogel,
accelerating the perfection
of fluorescent gel defects and preparing
better fluorescent
hydrogels are particularly important.
The hydrophilic functional groups Fluorescent gel has excellent water https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8246429
attached to the polymer content and unique luminescent
backbone make the gel have high water properties. It can be used as
absorbency and a sensor and effectively adsorb heavy
unique 3D network. ,e fluorescent metals and other
hydrogels with good environmental pollutants
biocompatibility and luminescence
properties show good
application prospects in biomedicine.
At present, the fluorescent hydrogels
have been widely used in sensors,
biological imaging probes, and so on. In
this review, three
different preparation methods are
introduced, which are
used to construct fluorescent hydrogels
with excellent
properties. However, the fluorescent
hydrogels also have
some defects under certain conditions.
Proponent Name: __________________Year and Section: _______________________ Date: _________________________
Research Area: ____________________________________

Distilled Biomass, Biomass Bioenergy, Biogas Energy, Energy Biological properties, Physicochemical
No Title, Author Year Citations Fuel Briquettes, Fossil Fuels, Fuel Cell
resources, Biomass Emission Factor Demand Analysis, Energy Transfer Properties, Luminescent Properties

1 Hydrosols and 2013 66 Distilled Biomass - Also called as Bioenergy - Fuel Briquettes - is a compressed block of Biological properties
Water-Soluble Spent Plant Material. It is one of the coal dust or other combustible material
Essential Oils: proces in which the bulk of the used for fuel.
Medicinal and biomass loaded into the distillation
Biological unit is recovered as spent material
Properties after distillation. This byproduct can
-B.R. Ra.lpswane be used in many ways such as fuel
Reo for distillation unit.

2 Biogas 2017 36 Biomass resources - are made of Biogas Energy - is a renewable form Fossil fuels - especially oil and natural gas, Physicochemical properties
technology for material that comes from living of natural gas produced from are finite in extent, and should be regards as
sustainable organisms, meaning it is organic. biomass waste or other materials. depleting assets, and efforts are oriented to
energy Producing it is a good way to extract search for new sources of energy.
generation: energy form waste ang can make
development them work on farms.
and perspectives

-Abdeen
Omer
3 System studies 2020 105 Biomass Emission Factor - Factor Energy Demand Analysis - It is a type Fuel cell
of Biogas that can lead to biomass emissions. of analysis that could be used as a
production: Utilization of excess heat leads to basis for systems analysis at higher
Comparisons higher reductions in greenhouse system levels. This approach can
and gas emissions, compared to contribute to the understanding of
performance utilization of biogas to heat the biogas systems and can contribute in
digester, no matter the increasing global knowledge of
- emission factor for biomass. biogas systems
Emma Lindkvist

4 Research 2020 77 Energy Transfer - is the process by Luminescent Properties

Progress Review which energy is relocated from one
of Preparation system to another
and Applications
of Fluorescent
Hydrogels
-Weiwei Su,1
Ran Wang,1
Cheng Qian,2,3
Xuetong Li,3 Qi
Tong,1 and
Tifeng Jiao

Clavecillas 2022

Total 284

Priority Areas of Mechanical

Engineering
Area 1 Department
Agricultural Machineries (sugarcane planter, groundnut sheller, loader and harvester, rice planter and thresher, grain dryers, others)
Area 2 Post-Harvest Facilities (sugar milling, muscovado processing others)
Area 3 Industrial Machineries (centrifugal baskets, food processing equipment, industrial automation, others)
Area 4 Renewable Energy (wind and water turbines, others)
Area 5 Power Electronics
Area 6 Robotics
Area 7 Disaster Risk Management
Area 8 Food Safety and Security
 Phenolic Compound, Organic
Compound, Chemical Compound,
Lanthanide-Mannose Compound
Phenolic Compound
Organic compound - are compounds
that contain carbon and hydrogen.
Physico-Chemical Properties,
Biochemistry, Chemical Industry,
Chemical Crosslinking
Physico-Chemical Properties - are the Distillation Process
intrinsic physical and chemical
characteristics of a substance.
Biochemistry
Distillation Process, Fermentation Bioresonance, BBiocomposites,
Process, Thermophilic Process, Biogas Utilization,
Energy Transfer Process Biocompatibility
Bioresonance
Fermentation Process - Bacteria Bioresonance- lingocellulose
form biogas during anaerobic chips in a suitable plastic matrix.
fermentation of organic matters.
The degradation is very complex
process and requires certain
environmental conditions as well as
different bacteria populations.
Chemical compound - Substance which Chemical Industry Thermophilic process - A Biogas Utilization
has two or more elements combined thermophilic process has a higher
together to form a mixture. degradation rate and a shorter
retention time may therefore be
required. However, a higher
temperature could imply a higher
sensitivity to changes in
temperature and pH, and thus a
more sensitive process.

lanthanide-mannose compound Chemical crosslinking - refers to Energy Transfer process Biocompatibility

the connection of polymer chains
through chemical reaction. Generally
speaking, when external force is
applied, the fluidity of crosslinked gel
will decrease. In addition, the
swelling property will decrease, and
the chemical resistance and solvent
resistance will increase
Proponent Name: __________________Year and Section: _______________________ Date: _________________________
Research Area: ____________________________________

Distilled Biomass, Biomass Bioenergy, Biogas Energy, Energy Biological properties, Physicochemical
No Title, Author Year Citations Fuel Briquettes, Fossil Fuels, Fuel Cell
resources, Biomass Emission Factor Demand Analysis, Energy Transfer Properties, Luminescent Properties

1 Hydrosols and 2013 66 Bioenergy is one of many diverse These are blocks of compressed biomass A material sturcture of a living organism
Water-Soluble resources available to help meet our material such as farming waste, charcoal that provides an environment for
Essential Oils: demand for energy. It is a form of dust or waste paper and can be used for complicated chemistry of living.
Medicinal and renewable energy that is derived fuel in household for producing heat or fire.
Biological from recently living organic
Properties materials known as biomass, which
-B.R. Ra.lpswane can be used to produce
Reo transportation fuels, heat,
electricity, and products.

2 Biogas 2017 36 Biomass is renewable organic Energy produced from biogas from Fossil fuels are made from decomposing Physicochemical properties are the
technology for material that comes from plants organic matter such as foor or plants and animals. These fuels are found in intrinsic physical and chemical
sustainable and animals. The basic form of animal waste. Biogas can occur the Earth’s crust and contain carbon and characteristics of a substance. These
energy biomass comes mainly from naturally or as part of an industrial hydrogen, which can be burned for energy. include appearance, boiling point,
generation: firewood, charcoal and crop process to intentionally create it as a density, volatility, water solubility and
development residues. These are also called fuel. flammability etc.
and perspectives biomass feedstock.

-Abdeen
Omer
3 System studies 2020 105 Factor that can lead to biomass A model that provides a systematic A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of
of Biogas emissions. framework for mapping trends and hydrogen or other fuels to cleanly and
production: anticipating change in energy needs, efficiently produce electricity nad hydrogen
Comparisons particularly as they correspond to can only produce electricity, water and
and alternative scenarios for heat.
performance socioeconomic and technological
development.
-
Emma Lindkvist

4 Research 2020 77 Energy transfer is the process by Luminescence properties are the
Progress Review which energy is relocated from one properties are the light emitted by
of Preparation system to another through the certain materials when they are
and Applications transfer of heat, work or mass relatively cool.
of Fluorescent transfer.
Hydrogels
-Weiwei Su,1
Ran Wang,1
Cheng Qian,2,3
Xuetong Li,3 Qi
Tong,1 and
Tifeng Jiao
Clavecillas 2022

Total 284

Priority Areas of Mechanical

Engineering
Area 1 Department
Agricultural Machineries (sugarcane planter, groundnut sheller, loader and harvester, rice planter and thresher, grain dryers, others)
Area 2 Post-Harvest Facilities (sugar milling, muscovado processing others)
Area 3 Industrial Machineries (centrifugal baskets, food processing equipment, industrial automation, others)
Area 4 Renewable Energy (wind and water turbines, others)
Area 5 Power Electronics
Area 6 Robotics
Area 7 Disaster Risk Management
Area 8 Food Safety and Security
 Phenolic Compound, Organic Physico-Chemical Properties, Distillation Process, Fermentation Bioresonance, BBiocomposites,
Compound, Chemical Compound, Biochemistry, Chemical Industry, Process, Thermophilic Process, Biogas Utilization,
Lanthanide-Mannose Compound Chemical Crosslinking Energy Transfer Process Biocompatibility

Phenolic compounds are chemically Physicochemical properties are the Distillation refers to the selective Bioresonance is a form of
defined as compounds containing intrinsic physical and chemical boiling and subsequent holistic diagnosis and therapy. It
hydroxylated aromatic rings, the characteristics of a substance. These condensation of a component in a is claimed that the bioresonance
hydroxy group being attached directly include appearance, boiling point, liquid mixture. It is a separation devices used in the therapy can
to the phenyl, stituted phenyl, or other density, volatility, water solubility and technique that can be used to read the energy wavelengths
aryl group. Many aromatic oils and their flammability etc. either increase the concentration coming from cells within the
water-soluble constituents contain of a particular component in the body and that the frequencies
these compiunds mixture or to obtain almost pure of these wavelengths provide
components from the mixture. information about the health of
the body.

Organic compounds consist of a
potentially large group of air pollutants
and many of these compounds are
toxic. Apart from their impacts on
human health, organic compounds
associated with fine particles can also
influence visibility degradation and
radiative transfer through the
atmosphere by scattering and
absorption.
From bichemistry, the application of
chemistry to the study of biological
processes at the cellular and
molecular level.
It is a process by which a chemical
change is brought about using
microorganisms in the
biotechnology industry for
production of pharmaceuticals,
food additives, and animal feed-
stuffs.
Biocomposites are materials
consisting of biodegradable
polymers (matrix) and
biodegradable supplements.
Biodegradable matter is
substances that can be
degraded by living organisms.
The fillers used in biocomposites
are usually biofibers (such as
lignocellulose fibers)
Chemical Compound, any substance
composed of identical molecules
consisting of atoms of two or more
chemical elements..
Industry that incorporates all different
types of product producing industries
whose generation is based on heavy
use of chemicals. Usually, industries
that are involved with industrial
chemical generation are broadly
known as chemical industry.
Thermophilic process is a process in Biogas can be used for
which a thermophilic biodigester is combined heat and power (CHP)
a kind of biodigester that operates operations, or biogas can simply
in temperatures above 50 °C (122 be turned into electricity using a
°F) producing biogas. It has a higher combustion engine, fuel cell, or
degradation gas turbine, with the resulting
rate and a shorter retention time electricity being used on-site or
may therefore be required. sold onto the electric grid

Chemical crosslinking refers to Energy transfer is the process by Biocompatibility is a general

intermolecular or intramolecular
joining of two or more molecules by a
covalent bond. The reagents that are
used for the purpose are referred to
as 'crosslinking reagents' or
'crosslinkers'.
which energy is relocated from one
system to another through the
transfer of heat, work or mass
transfer.
term describing the property of
a material being compatible
with living tissue. Biocompatible
materials do not produce a toxic
or immunological response
when exposed to the body or
bodily fluids.
 FORM 312A-4: Related Studies Matrix by Group

Topic Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________

Topic Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Research Area: ____________________________________

Methylation Keyword2 Keyword3 Keyword4

(p.#) (p.#) (p.#)
Hypermethylation,
No Title, Author Year Citations Hypomethylation, Methylation
Balance

2
Leader 2022
Lastname

Total

Priority Areas of Mechanical Engineering Department

Area 1 Agricultural Machineries (sugarcane planter, groundnut sheller, loader and harvester, rice planter and thresher, grain dryers, others)
Area 2 Post-Harvest Facilities (sugar milling, muscovado processing others)
Area 3 Industrial Machineries (centrifugal baskets, food processing equipment, industrial automation, others)
Area 4 Renewable Energy (wind and water turbines, others)
Area 5 Power Electronics
Area 6 Robotics
Area 7 Disaster Risk Management
Area 8 Food Safety and Security
Keyword5 Keyword6 Keyword7 Keyword8 Keyword#
(p.#) (p.#) (p.#) (p.#) (p.#)