VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS Himachal Pradesh Horticulture Development Project (World Bank Funded) HP Nurseries Management Society Directorate of Horticulture HP Shimla-171002Technical Contribution By: Dr. D.P. Sharma HOD Deptt. of Fruit Science Dr. Naveen Sharma Dr. Gopal Singh Dr. Pramod Verma Dr. Tanzin Ladon Edited By: Dr. R. K. Pruthi (IAS) Director Horticulture, HP Subhash Chand GM -HPNMS Prabal k Chauhan Team leader PCU B.S. Negi DGM - HPNMS Ranjan Sharma SMS - PIU (Hort) Archna Chauhan SMS Hort. PCU Jagdish Chand Sharma SMS Hort. PCU HPHDP S.K. Negi HDO-cum-Manager HPNMS Meera Thakur HEO HPNMSAPPLE Rootstocks: Apple rootstocks can have a variety of desirable characteristics such as resistance to crown rot, Phytophthora spp., resistance to fire blight bacteria (Erwinia amylovora), resistance to Woolly apple aphids, dwarfing and tree branching modifications, increased precocity (early fruitfulness), increased productivity, and tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD). There are five major types of rootstocks used worldwide in apple growing regions. These include: Budagovsky (= Bud or B), Cornell/Geneva (=CG or G), Malling (=M) & Malling Merton (=MM), Michigan Apple Rootstock Clones (=MARK), and East Malling/Ashton Long (=EMLA) which are certified virus- free selections of Malling or Malling Merton. Characteri: MS vigorous non-spur varieties. It is very precocious and has high yield efficiency, but it has poor ics of Rootstocks imported under HPHDP: Dwarfing rootstock, Strains of M.9 have earned a reputation as outstanding rootstocks for anchorage due to brittle roots and a high fruit: wood ratio and requires full tree support. M.9 is very susceptible to fire blight and woolly apple aphid and fairly resistant to crown and root rots. It produces moderate amounts of root suckers and many burrknots. EMLA 9: EMLA 9's free of known viruses and is slightly more vigorous than the original M9. EMLA9 induces cropping early in the life of the tree. Trees on EMLA9 show a wide degree of tolerance to soil conditions, withstanding heavy soils and wet conditions. It is not, however, suitable for dry light soils. EMLA is resistant to collar rot (Phytophthora cactorum). tis susceptible to mildew in the nursery. M-9 1337: M-9 T337 induces early cropping with large fruit size and has the same influence as EMLA, 9 on all scions. Some reports indicate that M-9 T337 may be slightly less vigorous than EMLA 9. The M9 1337 rootstock is less suitable for a climate with severe winters because of the sensitivity for severe frost. CyM9 Nic 29: It is a Malling 9 type rootstock 20-25% larger than M9 337 (25 to 40% of seedling). It usually exhibits a better root system than Malling 9. Of the various types of Malling 9, Nic 29 exhibits stronger vigour, yet is still a full dwarf. Trees grown on this root require support. The rootstock is both precocious and productive, usually fruiting in second or third leaf. Fire blight susceptibility is similar toother M9 strains. Recommended for high density plantings. Pajam 2: A French selection of Malling 9 reported to be slightly more vigorous and productive. Pajam-2 is the strongest M9 clone, trees grown on will be similar to trees on EMLA9 but with better rooting. It's about 15% more vigorous than the standard M9 1337 (NAKB) clone. It is precocious, resistant to fireblight, crown rot and woolly apple aphid, and propagates well in the stool bed. EMLA 26: Malling 26 was bred at East Malling from a cross between M-9 and the very vigorous rootstock M-16. Trees on EMLA 26 are intermediate in vigour between EMLA 9 and EMLA 7 and producing a tree about 45% the size of that on seedling rootstocks. Rootstock needs some support in earlyyears, but could be self-supporting in later years. It can be used to produce either a dwarfora semi-dwarf tree, depending on scion variety, production system, and soil type. It is susceptible to collar rot and fire blight and should not be planted in awetsite. EMLA 7: A tree on this rootstock will be 50 to 60 percent smaller than a standard tree. This rootstock produces a semidwarf tree that is free standing in deep well drained soils. EMLA 7 is very winter hardy. EMLA7 performs better on deep fertile loam soils of a moderate to heavy texture under a wide range of conditions. It does not perform well on light sandy soils or under low fertility. It has been recommended for soils with high lead arsenic residues and old orchard sites with replant problems. Itis susceptible to suckering. EMLA7 is tolerant to fire blight. MM 106: It is a semi-vigorous rootstock, the vigour can be reduced to 70% relative to those on seedling rootstocks. MM 106 is more sensitive to soil moisture than most of other rootstocks. It should be planted on well-drained soil as it is susceptible to crown rot. Varieties on MM 106 are well anchored and do not require staking. Resistant to woolly aphids (Eriosoma Jangierum). When used mam Opewith ‘Delicious’ and some other cultivars tomato ring spot virus can cause a hypersens called “brown line necrosis” and trees decline in vigour and die. M16: A new Root Stock cross of MM 106 X M 27 which is very similar to MM 106 but produces tree about § per cent larger in some conditions, otherwise of same size, Adaptable to wider range of soil conditions. High resistance to collar rot (Phytophthora cactorum) and woolly apple aphid. A very good option for those wanting semi-intensive plantings on replant sites. MMII: MM 11 produces trees approximately 75% of that on seedling rootstocks. Compared with MM 106, its additional vigour is particularly valuable on dry light soils. MM TI] is better adapted to heavier soils than MM 106. MM 111 is recommended for situations where its vigorous growth is needed to overcome the poorer cropping capacity of dry sandy soils in low rainfall areas. MM TM1is an excellent rootstock for spur-type varieties. MM 111 has well anchored root system. It is susceptible to burr knot problem, Resistant to woolly aphids (Eriosoma langierum) and collar rot but susceptible to mildew inthenursery. Geneva Series rootstocks The joint Cornell University and United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDAARS) Apple Rootstock Breeding and Evaluation Program develops new rootstock cultivars with an emphasis on productivity, yield efficiency, ease of nursery propagation, fire blight resistance, tolerance to extreme temperatures, resistance to the soil pathogens of the sub- temperate regions of the US, and tolerance to apple replant disorder. Geneva 1: G-ll shows very good precocity with higher yi Id efficiency than many commercial rootstocks including M-9. Varieties on Geneva II rootstock show comparable tree vigour as on M-9 rootstock. It does well in loam and clay-loam soils but, less tolerant to growing in sandy soil. There is Light suckering, no burr knots and adequate rooting. Geneva II would be a good replacement for M- 9 rootstock in areas where fire blight is known to strike, With high fruit efficiency and large fruit size this rootstock could work well in many commercial orchards, also does well in replantsites. Geneva CyTis moderately resistant to fire blight, infections are very rare. The Geneva 1 rootstock is also moderately resistant to Woolly Apple Aphid. Geneva -41: Small dwarf rootstock, slightly more dwarfing than Malling 9, has higher yield efficiency, winter hardy and produces few root suckers. It is highly resistant to fire blight, woolly apple aphids and Phytophthora. Tests indicate that G.41 appears to be tolerant of replant disease. A major drawback to wider adoption of this rootstock is its tendency to form a brittle graft union with some scions especially Cripps Pink and Honey crisp. Therefore, well branched trees need to be staked immediately after planting to prevent breakage due to high winds. G.41 is believed to be better suited to high pH soils. Geneva 214: It is slightly larger than M 9, cold hardy and yield efficiency as good or better than M9. Resistant to Fire Blight & woolly apple aphid. Tolerant to replant disease complex & Crown rot. Trees onthis rootstock will need to be supported and produce a tree about 30-35% size of seedling. Geneva 969: G.969 is a semi-dwarfing rootstock that is resistant to fire blight, crown rot, and woolly apple aphid with good cold hardiness. It is classified as having growth control similar to M.7 at about 45-55% of seedling. The rootstocks produce few root suckers or burr knots. Geneva 935: Semi-dwarf plants reported to be slightly larger than M.26. Production efficiency rated equal to M9. Rootstock has resistance to fire blight and crown rot but it is not resistant to woolly apple aphid, Also shows tolerance to replant disease The rootstock seems to induce wider angled branching in the scion. Geneva 935 is sensitive to latent viruses in apple and should only be propagated with virus-free scion wood on top. P series rootstocks: The P series dwarf apple rootstocks originate from crosses of M.9 rootstock with Antonovka, an old Russian winter hardy apple cultivar at Central Poland. These stocks have good resistance to collar rot. mam OpeP 2: P2 produces trees that are about 25% of seedling size. P-2 has been widely used in Poland as an interstem because of its exceptional winter-hardiness. Cropping efficiency is similar to M-9 Trees on P-2 display good open growth. P-2 is resistant to collar rot and is slightly susceptible to scab and mildew. P-2 shows resistance to European canker, perennial canker, silver leaf and crown gall P-22: P-22 rootstock has exceptional winter hardiness that is comparable to Alnarp 2. P-22 induces early fruiting and has a cropping efficiency like that of M-9, P-22 is better anchored than M-9 and is not as brittle in rooting. P-22 rootstock are resistant to collar rot, perennial canker, European canker and silver leaf. This rootstock has shown a high level of resistance to apple scab, powdery mildew and crown gall. P-22is susceptible to fire blight andis also not resistant to woolly apple aphids. Supporter: Supporter was bred at the Pillnitz Research Station near Dresden, Germany, in 1921 as a cross of M-9 and M-4. Tree is slightly more vigorous than M 26, somewhere between M-26 and M-7 and have excellent fruit production with precocity somewhere between M-26 and M-9. Supporter has low sensitivity to collar rot. It is sensitive to fire blight. Trees on Supporter rootstock are more uniform than those on M-26 with little burr knotting and overgrowth. This rootstock is ideal for low- vigour or replant sites and low-vigour varieties. MARK: It is a virus-free clone of MAC-9. MARK is a hardy, precocious dwarfing rootstock. MARK produces trees that are approximately the size between EMLA27 and EMLAS. It shows good signs of being precocious and self-spreading, similar to that of M-9. MARK is one of the first in the dwarfing apple rootstocks which is strongly anchored and with proper orchard procedures may be free standing, however it is our recommendation to support this tree. It is susceptible to fire blight and fairly resistant to crown and root rots, produces many burr knots and few root suckers. Trees are very precocious and tree vigour may decline earlier than desired when young trees are allowed to produce heavy crops before attaining the desired tree size. Budagovsky series: Designated as either Bud or B, they were developed in the central plains of Russia at Michurinsk College, known for their cold hardiness. OeBud 9 (Budagovsky 9) Bud 9 Apple Rootstock is a dwarfing rootstock that dwarfs trees to 30-40% the size of a standard tree. Tree size falls between M.26 and M9 EMLA in vigour, requires support. Its leaves are red. It is a precocious rootstock with high yield efficiency. Bud.9 is resistant to collar-rot and susceptible to fire blight and woolly apple aphid. It produces few suckers or burr-knots. It is a promising dwarfing winter-hardy rootstock. Bud 10 (Budagovsky 10) dwarfing and cold-hardy rootstock. BUD 10 produces trees that are 30% to 35% of seedling, Exhibits good fire blight resistance with vigour similar toa strong M-9 clone, like Nic 29. Production efficiency and total yield were slightly better than trees on M9 337. The rootstock induces wide scaffold branching. Tree support recommended. Bud 10 is more vigorous than Bud 9, landing closer to Nic29 or Pajam2 on vigour charts. Bud 10 is not recommended for a challenging replantsite. Bud 18 (Budagovsky 118) A very vigorous rootstock that values dry, sandy orchard sites but is adaptable to various soil types, Bud 118 is extremely winter hardy but is not replant tolerant. It propagates easily in stool beds and does not sucker. It has moderate resistance to fire blight but is susceptible to Phytophthora. Because of the vigour of the rootstockit is onlyrecommended for spur strains of apple or in weaksoil or replant situations. Seedling rootstock A rootstock from apple seeds, with a variable genetic makeup, suckering and disease susceptibility. Varieties on this rootstock produce the largest trees.Apple root stocks(main characters) Grafted with saleable plants for year 2022-23 + Geneva-Nl: 35%, precocious, high yield efficiency, good replacement for M9,Large fruit size, well at Replantsites + G-935:50%, Good replacement for M26, good fruit production,replant disease tolerant + G-41: Size of tree will go up to 35% size of seedling tree(6-10 ft), better than M9, poor root development, Resistantto replant disease + B-9:30%, red leaved, Can be used interstem, winter hardy + MM-106 : Semi vigorous 17-18ft(70%), free standing, suitable for sloppy areas, Sensitive to soil moisture + Pajam-2: France, Resistant to collar rot, 35-40%, good choice for HDP as Vigorous M9 + _M-9: 40%,Early cropping, widely used root stock in World, for dwarfing stock for all soils(except light soils low rainfall areas), useful for HDP, high quality fruits, size, colour. + MM-II: Vigorous, 80%, for dry sandy soils in low Rainfall areas, excellent for spur type. + NIC29( Belgian): 40%, Better rooting, Good fruit size + EMLAY : 60-65%, does not perform well on light sandy soils,suitable for old orchard sites(SARD), Loam soil, winter hardy, good anchorage + B-118:95%, red coloured leaves, Cold hardy, Good for dry, sandy orchard sites + _M793:90% Vigorous, well anchorage, resistant to woolly apple aphid, SARD, good for spurtype + EMLA-26: 40%, Should not be planted on wet or badly drained soils, 45%, less vigorous, Staking required, Useful for HDP + MIG: Similar vigour to MMI06 -Produces a tree about 65% of the size of seedling rootstock, Resistance to collar rot, High soil moisture tolerant, mildew and specific replant disease CyComparison chart of Apple Rootstocks by tree ea % ge e 588 3 e age ze 8 % wp 100 BS a 8 % 2 8 ale 3 6 90 38 ze ie 4 ar 3 ou 8s a 3 : 8S & a = a0 Pe Reis @ 5 aa 2a) 8s | 22 (| 8 eis) a we es oD N = , Sa Qo Pee ia at ie S 60: a 23 ss Ke ¢ Se Se eS) | Ble. & so o ae Fe B i ies bie me 35 BS & 30 2g 20: Ac $ Woolly Apple Aphid Resistant Rootstocks Pajam 2, M-116, MM 106, MM-1I1, Geneva-41, Geneva-969, Geneva-214, Geneva-Il Apple Replant Disease Resistant Rootstocks Geneva-935, Geneva -41, Geneva -214 Collar Rot Resistant Rootstocks EMLA-9, M-116, MM-11, Geneva-4l, P2, P22, Bud-9 Crown Rot & Root Rot Resistant Rootstocks M-9, Pajam-2, Geneva-969 Fire Blight Resistant Rootstocks Pajam-2, Geneva -41, Geneva-214, Geneva-969, Geneva-Il, Bud-10, Bud-118 mam OpeAmbrosia Ambrosia was discovered as a chance seedling in the 1990s in. the orchard of Wilfrid and Sally Mennell at Cawston, British Columbia Canada and gaining popularity around the world. Tree is compact, very productive with upright growth habit. Its blooming period is early to mid- season and fruit harvesting period is mid-season. It requires about 700 chilling hours for breaking dormancy. Fruit is medium to large in size with 50% pink to red blush over a yellow background colour on the sun- ‘exposed side. Flesh is crispy in texture, sweet and little acidic in taste with very pleasant flavour. Fruits doesn’t brown quickly. Auvil Early Fuji Auvil Early Fuji was discovered by renowned Washington State apple grower, Grady Auvil. Auvil Early Fuji is a bud spurt of Red Fuji and also known as Beni Shogun. Other names of this cultivar are Fuji216 cultivar and Fujilimb sport of TAC 114. Tree is semi vigorous (10-15 ft). This is early blooming but late maturing variety which ripens six weeks before the standard Red Fuji and 5 days after Red Delicious. Fruits are larg red coloured with small splashes of yellow-gold and light striping on the skin. The Fruit flesh is white to cream coloured, dense, crispy, sweet and juicy. This variety is susceptible to Scab in humid climates. e and rich CyAztec Fuj Aztec Fuji was originated from a random seedling selection of a Fuji variety in New Zealand. It was developed for its vigour and great taste. This is the highest colouring variety among the Fuji group from New Zealand. Tree is similar in shape, growth habit and production to other Fuji apple trees. This variety is early blooming and late-ripening and requires a pollinizer nearby for good fruit set. Fruit is medium to large sized, spherical-cylindrical with sweet flavour, low acidity and intense reddish-pink colour all over the surface which gives a unique look of its own kind to the fruit. Itis definitely a dessert apple, thin-skinned with a firm and crisp texture. Chilling requirement is700 hours. Brook Field Baigent Gala The Brookfield Gala apple tree, also known as Baigent, is a limb mutation of the Royal Gala (Tenroy cultivar). This variety was discovered in 1985 by growers at Hawkes’ Bay, New Zealand. Tree is moderate in vigour with spreading and non-spur type growth habit. Chilling requirement is medium but does well in warmer areas. Ripen 10 days earlier than the standard Gala and one month prior to Golden Delicious. Fruits are with distinctive appearance and colour pattern extends more or less over the entire surface of the fruit having predominantly bright red colour with flecks of ground colour overlain by bold darker red striping which distinguish Baigent fruit from those of its less coloured parent Royal Gala. The fruits are medium in size and flat-round in shape. The flesh is crisp, firm, tender, fine, juicy, sweet and bright white in colour. Shelf life of fruits is 2-4 month. Suitable pollinizers are Golden Delicious and Granny smith. mam OpeBraeburn The ‘Braeburn’ was discovered as a chance seedling in 1952 by the farmer. It is a late maturing cultivar of apple which ripens 45 days after Red Delicious. Fruits are medium to large in size, oval in shape, firm to the touch with a red/orange vertical streaky appearance on a yellow/green background. The thin, -oloured skin has a yellow base and covered with red to pink blush and red striping. The striping and blush will vary depending on the climate. Flesh is firm, crisp and juicy with a sweet flavour combined with subtle hints of spice, pear, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Flesh is pale yellow to gold coloured and contains a few dark brown seeds in the center of the fibrous core. This variety is susceptible to Fire blight and young trees has tendency to bitter pit disorder. Buckeye Gala Buckeye Gala is a mutation of Imperial Gala and o1 Ohio Circa in 1994. Tree is ismedium in. -round in shape and bright red with distinctively dark red stripes. Flesh is crisp, Juicy and sweet. Suitable for nates in medium in vigour. Fruit size, coni fresh-eating, cooking, and baking. A mid-season maturing variety. Shelf life is good and keeps up to 7 months in proper storage. Suitable pollinizers are Granny Smith, Cox Fuji and Golden Delicious. CyChelan Spur Amutation of Oregon Spur II Red Delicious found near Chelan in Washington State (USA). Fruit is medium to large in size, conical in shape with ruby red skin. Colour emerges three months prior to harvest. Flesh is soft textured and yellowish white with strong sweet flavour. This variety is susceptible to “dead spur” (apply amino ethoxy viny glycine in the fall to combat this problem). The variety is somewhat resistant to fire blight and cedar apple rust, but susceptible to apple scab. Crimson Crisp (‘Co-op 39’) Crimson Crisp is a cross between two breeding selections made at the Rutgers Fruit Research Developmental Centre, USA. The tree has spreading habit and fruiting throughout the two and three-year old branches. Fruit is medium in size (70-85 mm) with a very attractive crimson red colour over 95 per cent of the fruit surface. Flesh is cteamy-white, crunchy, juicy, firm, crisp with a tart, complex flavour. The balance of tart and sweet gives it a distinct, rich flavour. Fruit matures in mid- season and can be kept in cold storage for six months. It is considered as one of the sweetest scab resistant varieties, This variety act asa pollinizer for other diploids apple varieties blooming in the same time. Crimson Topaz Crimson Topaz was developed by crossing Rubin and Vanda varieties at the Institute of Experimental Botany in Czech Republic and released in 2001. It is very popular apple variety because of its beautiful appearance and high quality as a fresh eating apple. Fruits are medium to large in size and has a yellow base colour washed in bright red. Flesh is crisp with tangy taste and well known for making dessert due to its juicy, sweet, spicy, and aromatic flavour. Chilling requirement is 800- 1000 hours. Resistant to scab. mam OpeCrown Empire: (citi aiid ‘Crown Empire an intense red blush sport was discovered at Crist Brothers Orchard, Walden, New York in 1990. Trees are somewhat less vigorous than standard Empire with roundish canopy and very productive. Fruits are medium to large and develops full red colour two weeks ahead of Empire. A better annual bearer than other blush strains and has very favourable shipping qualities, making it the ideal export. Dark Baron Gala Dark Baron Gala is mutant of a typical apple tree of the Gala variety and discovered in 2009 in Bolzano, Italy. Tree is moderately vigorous, precautious, productive and heavy yielder which requires fruit thinning. Its fruits are characterized by 100 per cent intense red-purple colour on the fruit surface during the harvest period. Fruits are medium in size and spherical in shape. Harvest period is 2-5 days before other Gala mutants. Day Break Fuji Day Break Fuji (also known as Rankin) was discovered by Edward Rankin at Twin Springs Fruit Farm, Orrtanna, Pennsylvania, as a limb mutation of Yataka fuji. Tree is moderately vigorous, precautious, highly productive and cold hardy. Fruits are large with pink-red blush over 80 per cent of the fruit surface and ripens four week before the standard Fuji. Keeping quality of the fruits is medium. pai eye LET Ee ELEarly Red One Early Red One is a mutant of Red King Delicious similar to Top Red but darker red developed in USA. Itis standard form of tree with upright growth habit which is vigorous and extremely productive. Tree blooms 2-3 days earlier than Golden Delicious. Chilling requirement of this variety is medium to high. Fruits are medium to large sized and conical with blushed type intense red colour on full surface of the fruit at harvest. Flesh is crisp in texture, sweet in taste and creamy- white in colour. Shelf life of the fruits is good. Due to early colouring, premature picking of fruit is a problem. Suitable pollinizers are Golden Delicious and Granny Smith Enterprise ie nie a Enterprise is 9th apple cultivar developed by the PRI (P’urdue, R'utgers and Illinois) disease resistant apple breeding program. Fruit is medium to large in size and red in colour covering full skin. Flesh is firm and crisp with a spicy aroma and mild tartness. It is a late maturing apple with good keeping qualities that can be kept for 5-6 months under refrigerated storage. It is highly resistant to fire blight and cedar apple rust. CyGala (Simmons) Cultivar Gala (Simmons) is a bud sport of standard Gala developed by Mr. Simmons in USA. Tree is moderately vigorous, hardy, good yielder and regular bearer. Fruits have good keeping quality. It is a mid-season maturing variety becomes ready to harvest one month before Golden Delicious. Fruit is medium in size, conic in shape and has intensive red colour with stripes and excellent colour level. Flesh is crisp, juicy and sweet. Shelf life of the fruits is good. Suitable pollinizers are Granny Smith, Fuji and Golden Delicious or any other diploid variety with the same blossom date. The variety is susceptible to scab and canker diseases and slightly susceptible to alternate bearing but difficult for chemical fruit thinning. Gala Schniga® Schnico The Gala Schniga® SchniCo is a mutation from the Gala Schniga Schnitzer(s) which was found by Franz Schnitzer, South-Tirol, Italy. It is a late flowering but mid-season maturing variety. Fruits are medium in size and conical in shape’ h full colour and slight stripes and dark red colouration across the entire surface. It gains its colour relatively late and reaches the ideal state of maturity when the colour has appeared. Flesh is yellow-white coloured, juicy and a little bit crunchy. Suitable pollinizers are Braeburn, Fuji, Golden Delicious and Granny ‘Smith.Gala Venus ‘Fengal’__ Gala Venus ‘Fengal'(s) is a mutation of Gala. Tree is weak to medium in vigour. Fruit is medium- large in size, lightly elongated in shape, smooth skined with intensive red vivid and ed. The overcolour covers about 80 per cent of the fruit surface and uniformly coloured. Flesh is crispy, juicy and sweet with aromatic flavour. Granny Smith and Red Delicious are the suitable pollinizers of this variety. Galava) OHNE hE aE Ee ‘Galaval' is a mutant of ‘Gala Galaxy’ developed in France and selected for its interesting over color intensity. Tree is moderately vigourous, precautious and high yielder. It is a highest coloured strain of Gala and suitable for areas where colour is difficult to obtain. Fruits are medium in size and conic-round to globose in shape. Fruits of this variety are distinguished from fruit of ‘Galaxy’ and other Gala varieties by its intense dark purple-brown skin overcolour with no defined st es covering 100 per cent fruit surface. It is a mi maturing variety and becomes ready to harvest one month before Golden Delicious. Granny Smith, Fuji and Golden Delicious are suitable pollinizers for this Gala variety. It is susceptible to scab and canker.Gale Gala Gale Gala is a sport of Royal Gala. Tree is vigorous and self- pollinizing. Fruit is medium in size and conic shaped that develops 90-100% full red colour with deep red stripes. Fruit size, firmness and eating quality is comparable to other Gala sports. Flavour and texture of the apple is very similar to the Royal Gala. It tends to get ripe three weeks before Gala and four days after Royal Gala. It is mid-season maturing variety. Good pollinizer for deliciousstrains. Itis resistant to fire blight. Gale Gala (Malaga CV) Gale Gala (MalagaCV) was discovered by Wally Gale in his Malaga, Washington Royal Gala orchard, This sport develops a 90-100 percent full red colour with deep red striping, allowing harvest in one or two pickings. The finish is very clean. Fruit size, firmness and eating quality are equal to other Gala sports. Gibson Golden The Gibson Golden is a russet-resistant selection of Golden Delicious. The tree is moderately vigorous and productive with spreading growth habit that is easy to manage. Like standard Golden, fruit is medium to large with golden-yellow colour. Flesh is firm, sweet and juicy. This is the only strain of Golden Delicious. pai eye LET Ee ELGinger Gold Ginger Gold apple trees are an Orange Pippin cultivar that has been popular since the 1960's. It is a cross between Newtown, Pippin and Golden Delicious which was discovered as a chance seedling in the orchard of Clyde and Ginger Harvey of Lovingston, Virginia. Its tree is moderately vigorous, and hardy with wide crotch angles. Tree is smaller than most varieties, which makes them a great choice for smaller yards. The fruit is medium to large in size with a conic shape and skin has a waxy coat. Fruitis pale green at early stage and turns to yellow at the time of ripening. Flesh of the fruit is cream coloured and juicy with spicy honeyed taste. This is a greenish-yellow apple that bears a lovely, delicate blush on its sun-side. It is an early season maturing dessert apple variety. Keeping quality is good and stored well in cold storage for up to two months. This is a self- sterile tree that needs a pollinating companion such as Red Delicious or Honeycrisp. It is susceptible to fire blight, mildew and cedar-apple rust, but resistant to scab. Granny Smith Granny Smith is regular bearer, Chance Seedling from Australia. The tree is vigorous and sets crops early. Flowering early ( days before Golden Delicious) but very long flowering period. Fruits are medium to large in size with bright green intense and homogenous colour with lenticels. Flesh is white in colour with tart, crisp and juicy flavour. It is a late maturing variety (17 days after Golden Delicious) and not recommended for areas with short growing seasons. Shelf life of the fruits is good with outstanding keeping qualities. This variety is susceptible to scab, mildew and fire blight. The suitable pollinizing varieties are Braeburn, Fuji, Gala and Golden Delicious. OeHoneycrisp ne aie i Honey Crisp was Originated from Excelsior, Minnesota in 1974. Itis a modern apple naturally compact tree which grows even in small spaces. Outstanding fresh-eating qualities make this variety an American favourite. Fruit is large in size and red in colour. Flesh is aromatic and sweet as honey with an explosively juicy and crisp texture. Its chilling requirement is 800-1000 hours. Jeromine Jeromine is a mutant of Early Red One and has the most intense colour amongst Red Delicious strains. The whole fruit is covered by an even and lively bright red colour. The tree is moderately vigorous, semi-spur type and highly productive. Blooming time is 3 days before Golden Delicious. Fruits are medium to large in size, oblong-ball shaped with blushed type red colour. Flesh is firm, juicy, sweet in taste and whitish in colour. A mid-season maturing variety. Suitable pollinizers are Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. King Roat King Roat Red Delicious is a branch mutation of Hapke. Tree is a semi-spur type with low to medium in vigour and very productive. It is a fully blush strain with intense bright dark red ‘over colour. Fruits are medium to large in size, long and symmetric in shape and starts colouring weeks earlier compared to other Delicious strains. Flesh is crisp, juicy and sweet. It is a mid-season maturing variety. Suitable pollinizers are Gala, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. This variety should be recommended above 6000 feet in H.P, pai eye LET Ee ELKumeu Crimson Red Braeburn _ Kumeu Crimson Braeburn was discovered and developed in New Zealand by Jonathan Toye and Andy McGrath. Tree is spur type with low vigour with normal Braeburn growth habit. The fruits of this variety are medium to large in size, colours 14 to 21 days ahead of other Braeburn cultivars and finishes off as a full rich red with a strong stripe. It ripens with other Braeburn cultivars and has the typical tart Braeburn flavour with crisp white flesh. Shelf life of fruits is good and fruits of this variety ships and stores very well. Itis susceptible to fire blight. Manchurian Crab. Manchurian Crab apple is an outstanding flowering crab. It isa deciduous tree with a rounded canopy of spreading branches and ultimately reaching 30 to 40 feet in height. The very fragrant blooms appear in great abundance. Mainly used as pollinizer. Blooms are followed in fall by small red to yellow: fruits. Fruits are edible and are eaten fresh or dried. Oregon Spur-ll Oregon Spur-ll is a mutant of Oregon Spur Red Delicious found by Robert Bagwill growing in the Twin W Orchard near Orondo, Douglas County, Washington State (USA) in 1978. It colours about 10 days earlier than Oregon Spur. Tree forms spur heavily. Fruit is medium to large and conical in shape. Fruit develops colour in dark red stripes and covers 100 per cent fruit surface at maturity. Flesh is firm, juicy and sweet in taste. It is a popular apple variety of Himachal Pradesh and recommended for cultivation in higher altitudes. CyPremier Honey Crisp. Premier Honey Crisp is a complete tree sport of Honey crisp discovered by Steve and Dave Slaybaugh of Mt. Ridge Farms in Adams County, Pennsylvania in 2010. It matures three weeks earlier than Honey crisp. This variety is also called dessert straight from the tree. Fruits are large and red with a yellow background colour. Flesh is crunchy, sweet, crisp and delicious juicy. The flavour is comparable to apple cider. Fruits are suitable for eating, baking and making apple sauce. Red Cameo!. sain Ai The Cameo apple was discovered in 1987 by the Caudle family asa chance seedling in their Dryden, Washington orchard. It is a new limb sport of Cameo. Cameo is an American bicolour apple cultivar with a thin yellow peel and red stripes. The tree exhibits standard growth characteristics and is both vigorous and hardy. Fruit is large, crisp, juicy, sweet-tart flavour, and outstanding storage quality. Fruit has rich creamy flesh, anda p fresh texture. This variety is known for their natural resistance to browning, as well as their suitability for making apple sauce and apple pie. The dark red hue remains vibrant even when stored fora long period.Red Cap Red Cap Valtod is a mutant of Red Delicious. The tree is precautious, regular bearer, vigorous and develops more shoots in comparison to other Red Delicious Spur clones. Fruits are large, elongated or oblong with pronounced edges. Fruit skin is rather thick, smooth, slightly waxy with blushed with full deep dark red colour and colours a few weeks earlier than other Red Deliciousstrains. Flesh is sweet in taste and crispyin texture. It is an early to mid-season maturing variety and has good storage quality. Suitable pollinizers are Gala strains and Granny Smith. Red Fuji Red Fuji is a bud sport of Desert Rose Fuji and developed in Japan in the late 1900s. The tree is moderately vigorous, has very good precocity and starts bearing at an early age. Fruits are medium to large in size, oblate to round in shape and have red stripe on red background. Fruits mature 20 days after Red Delicious and 10 days ahead of Granny Smith. The flesh is cream-coloured, extraordinarily crisp, high in sugar content and juicy with a delightful aroma. Keeping quality of fruits is good and can be stored up to 12 months under refrigerated conditions. This variety requires 700 chilling hours to break dormancy. Suitable pollinizers are Gala, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Enterprise. CyReq Velopa iit il US Navn ge a Iban Red Velox is a mutant of Red Delicious Standard. Tree is moderately vigorous and semi-spur type with upright growth habit. Tree flowers few days before Golden Delicious. Fruits are medium to large in size, conical in shape with prominent calyx lobes (elongated) and dark red in colour with 100 per cent washy- light stripes. Fruit develops colour early about 2-3 weeks earlier than other clones and homogenous colouring on whole tree. Shelf life of fruits is good and can be stored for 7 months in CA storage. Royal Red Honey Crisp__ Royal Red Honey Crisp is a sport mutation of standard Honey Crisp discovered in Washington state. It is a blush type selection which maintains the crisp juicy character of its parent. Tree is moderately vigorous and frost hardy. Fruits are medium to large sized and bright red with light green/yellow background largely covered with red-orange flush. Flesh is juicy with exceptionally crisp texture with slightly tart flavour and sweet honey taste. Itisa mid-season maturing variety. Rubin Star Jonagold _ Jonagold apples.re derived from Jonathan and Golden Delicious cultivars, inheriting many of the best qualities from its parents. Rubin Star Jonagold was found as a mutation of Jonagold in Gailberg, Germany in 1980. The tree and fruit characters are same as Jonagold but ripen four to six days earlier. Fruits are large, yellow/green and blushed in red that covers 70 to 90 per cent of the fruit surface with little discemible striping. Flesh is super crisp, creamy-white with the tartness of a Jonathan and the sweetness of Golden Delicious, Brownish colour of fruit is the indication of premature harvesting of fruits. pai eye LET Ee ELScarlet Spur) cc Cen Scarlet Spur is a random seedling selection of Red Delicious. It is best colouring Red Delicious strain which finishes colouring about three days earlier than its parent and has all the winning characteristics of the original-dark mahogany colour. It is a mid-season maturing variety. Flesh of the fruit is crisp in texture, white in colour, medium-crunchy and sweet with almost no acidity. Shelf life of the fruit is good and can be easily stored in simple cooling chambers and controlled air atmosphere. Scarlet Spur-ll Scarlet Spur-ll is a mutant of Oregon Spur. It is best coloring Red Delicious with dark mahogany color. Tree is weak to moderate vigorous in growth, productive and early bearer. Blooming is mid-early (2 days before Golden Delicious). Fruits are medium to large in size, truncated conic, very regular and ribbed and develops intense blushed colour at harvest. Flesh is white, crispy, sweet and juicy. It is mid-season maturing variety and ready to harvest (10 days before Golden Delicious). Suitable pollinizers are Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Gala. Storage quality is good. This variety is moderately resistant to fire blight and fairly resistant to apple scab. It is a popular variety for 4000 to 5000 m elevation in H.P. CySchlect Spuriitiliiaesii Geil ai) Schlect Spurs a mutant of Red Delicious found in spur Red block in Yakima. It is an early coloring blush type Red Delicious variety. Tree is moderately vigorous and typical spur type. Fruits are medium to large. Fruits ripen at the same time as Red Delicious. This variety is resistant to powdery mildew, cedar-apple rust and fire blight. Due to early and blush type colouring, it can be grown, evenat lower altitudes. Sept Wonder Early Fuji —___ Sept Wonder Early Fuji is a whole tree mutation of Early Fuji developed in USA. It is one of the earliest fruit maturing variety in the Fuji group. Tree is vigorous, precautious and productive. Fruits are medium to large in size with reddish bluish skin colour and the most coloured of the early Fuji sports. Flesh is creamy white with typical Fuji flavour, crispy, juicy, fine and very sweet. It is one of the sweetest early sports of Fuji. Fruits are ready to harvest 3 days after Golden Delicious. Shelf life is good and can be stored well for 90 days in cold store and CA storage. Suitable pollinizers are Gala, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. This variety has average susceptibility to scab and lowsusceptibility to mildew as wellasfire blight. SUE Cerne eI MT Sun Fuji is a hybrid variety developed by crossing Kokkou * Delicious. Immensely popular Fuji apple grown primarily in Japan. Fruits are large in size, round to oval with bright red skin and light yellow to golden colour striations and lenticels. Fruits are with higher sugar content. Flesh is dense, crisp, juicy and sweet with a honey component. It is a late maturing variety and store well for long duration. The variety is suitable for mid and high hill conditions. mam OpeSuper Chief (Sandidge) Super Chief (Sandidge) is a mutant of Red Chief. Tree is weak to medium vigorous (less vigour than Red Chief), highly productive and typical spur type with abundance of spurs. Fruits are medium to large, elongated with prominent calyx lobes and intense red colour with stripes. Flesh is white, firm, crispy and juicy. Fruits have good storage quality. It is a mid season blooming and maturing variety. Granny Smith, Gala, Golden Delicious and Fuji are suitable pollinizers. Excellent variety for low altitude areas of HP. UltimaiGala |e een Ultima Gala is a limb sport of Imperial Gala, discovered in Wenatchee, Washington state. Tree is abundant annual producer and easy to manage, however, other tree growth characters are similar to Imperial gala. Fruits are medium sized, conical to round in shape and most of fruit characteristics are similar to Imperial gala but early thinning is very important for improving the fruit size. Its fruit has a very high colour factor with a strong strip. This variety matures slightly ahead of other striped Gala strains. CyYellow Newton The Yellow Newton is an old English variety introduced to the US in the 1750s. This variety was selected by early colonists as an export to meet British apple quality standards and Thomas Jefferson planted this variety at Monticello in 1778. Tree is cold hardy. It is a late maturing variety. Fruits are medium to large, round with slight russeting irregularly spaced around the fruit skin. Skin of the fruit is yellow green. Flesh is firm, crisp with slightly tart and superb flavour. This is high quality dessert and processing apple and typically used for cider, storage and eating. Shelf life is good and fruits stored for six months in proper storage. This apple Taste best when left to develop its flavour for couple of months in storage after harvesting.NOTEFor more information Himachal Pradesh Horticulture Development Project Himachal Pradesh Nurseries Management Society www.eudyan.hp.gov.in | hdp-pd-hp@gov.in | hdp-mdnms-hp@gov.in Tel : 0177-2842390, 2841309, 2640642