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LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN CANCER TREATMENT

DOCUMENTATION LIST

A study of the subject for secondary information work and services

FINAL PROJECT

BL-13

This individual project is submitted to the department of Library and Information Service
under the Faculty of Arts in Jadavpur University as the partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree course of BLISC.

By

Shreya Thakur

Roll number: 00200801041

Session: 2020-2021

DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY ANF INFORMATION SCIENCE

JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
Kolkata-700032

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CONTENT

Serial No. Content Page No.

1. Preface 03

2. Acknowledgement 04

3. Introduction 05

4. KWOC indexing

Guide to users 06
Main part 08
Index part 20

5. Conclusion 33

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PREFACE

Library is a social institution. A library not only deals with books, but it also
stores a house of information. Whatever may the need of the society,
community or public. Library is also a mental recreational center or
developmental organization of knowledge. Where information like raw
materials have to be processed and converted into knowledge.

A librarian has to do some innovative work to serve the library properly.


Indexing and documentation list are those types of work from which users can
reach their project of documentation list covering the specific documentation
through index.

By working on this project, I not only learned how to convert some information
about a particular topic into knowledge by indexing and documentation, but
also got the opportunity to learn some latest advancement in the field of latest
developments in cancer treatment techniques.

This project ‘Recent developments is cancer treatment’ is compiled as the


complimentary to the paper BL13 on ‘Indexing system’, according to the
syllabus of Bachelor in Library and Information Science (BLISC) of Jadavpur
University.

Place- Kolkata Shreya Thakur

Date- 31.08.2021 Roll Number- 41

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to convey my gratitude to our project guide Dr. Gautam Maity,
Professor, Department of Library and information Science, Jadavpur University.
He has been a great source of information and inspiration during the entire
tenure of the project. His dedication and keen interest to help his students
have been solely responsible for completing this work. His timely advice,
meticulous scrutiny, scholarly advice and scientific approach helped me to a
great extent to accomplish this task.

This is my great pleasure to express my deep sense of thanks for getting this
opportunity to work on this wonderful and interesting project about
‘Indexing’.

The project ‘Recent developments is cancer treatment’ would be helpful to


these researching on “cancer treatment” on any of its co-related subjects. I
thank our respected teacher Dr. Goutam Maity for providing us with his
valuable guidance and important suggestions throughout the project work.

Shreya Thakur

[B.Li.Sc.]

Roll number- 41

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INTRODUCTION

The study of the subject on documentation is a way which serves to make a


document on study material, available to the seeker of knowledge. For better
understanding of the subject of a study of documentation. Its literature search
and its user study has made following an acceptable methodology with APA
style. Indexing is a systematic procedure for developing knowledge about the
highways and their quick search lay readers or users, one should go through
the following methods-

Coverage of the subject:

The study of the subject covered in this documentation is ‘Recent


developments is cancer treatment’.

Structure of the list:

Here the main part is described with serial number of the article, name of the
author, name of the article, name of the journal, volume number, issue
number and year of publication.

Index:

An index is presented in alphabetical arrangement after the document, more


preciously on the main part with the serial number of the main part to allow
searching of the original document quickly.

Name: Shreya Thakur

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‘Recent developments in cancer treatment’: DOCUMENTATION LIST

GUIDE TO USERS
1 COVERAGE

1a Subject – Recent developments in cancer treatment

1b Language – English

1c Period cover –

1d Document cover – Periodical articles

2 STRUCTURE OF THE LIST

2A Main Part

2Aa Items of information

12 Keiden, M. (2015). Plasma for cancer treatment. Plasma sources science andtechnology.

1 2 3 4 5

24 (3) , 18-22

6 7 8

Abstract

1 Serial No.
2 Name of the author
3 Year of publication
4 Title of the article
5 Title of journal
6 Volume No.
7 Issue No.
8 Page No.
9 Abstract

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2Ab ARRANGEMENT : According to alphabetical order

2B Index Part

2Ba Kind of Index

2Ba1 Keyword Index

2Ba11 Items of information

1 Keyword heading derived by KWOC


2 Title of the periodical article
3 Serial No. of the Main Part

2Ba12 ARRANGEMENT: According to alphabetical order

3 HOW TO USE

If you know the keyword then you are requested to search under Index
Part. If you know the name of the author then search under the Main Part.

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Main Part

1. Agostinis, P., Ventieghem, A., & de White, P.A.M.(2002). Hypericin in cancer treatment:
more light on the way. The international journal of biochemistry and biology. 34(3), 221-
241.doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00126-1

Retrieved fromhttp://scholar.google.co.in/s/sciencedirect.com

ABSTRACT: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the combination of a photosensitizing


agent (photosensitizer), which is preferentially taken up and retained by tumor cells, and
visible light of a wavelength matching the absorption spectrum of the drug. Each of these
factors is harmless by itself, but when combined they ultimately produce, in the presence of
oxygen, cytotoxic products that cause irreversible cellular damage and tumor destruction.
Hypericin, a powerful naturally occurring photosensitizer, is found in Hypericum
perforate plants, commonly known as St. John’s wort. In recent years increased interest in
hypericin as a potential clinical anticancer agent has arisen since several studies established
its powerful in vivo and in vitro antineoplastic activity upon irradiation. Investigations of the
molecular mechanisms underlying hypericin photocytotoxicity in cancer cells have revealed
that this photosensitizer can induce both apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration and light
dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, PDT with hypericin results in the activation of multiple
pathways that can either promote or counteract the cell death program. This review focuses
on the more recent advances in the use of hypericin as a photodynamic agent and discusses
the current knowledge on the signaling pathways underlying its photo cytotoxic action.

2. Amaravadi, R. K., &Thompson, C.B.(2007). The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and


necrosis in cancer treatment. Clinical cancer research. 13(24), 7271-7279. doi:
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1595

Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/journal/1021-1095/4469

ABSTRACT: Metabolic and therapeutic stresses activate several signal transduction


pathways that regulate cell death and cell survival in cancer cells. Although decades of
research unraveled the pathways that regulate apoptosis and allowed the development of
novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment, only recently has the

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regulation and significance of tumor cell autophagy and necrosis become the focus of
investigations. Necrosis is an irreversible inflammatory form of cell death. In contrast,
autophagy is a reversible process that can contribute both to tumor cell death and survival.
This review describes recent advances in understanding the regulation of autophagy and
necrosis and their implications for cancer therapy. Currently available methods to measure
autophagy and necrosis are highlighted. The effect of tumor cell autophagy and necrosis on
host immunity is explored. Finally, therapeutic approaches that target autophagy and
necrosis in cancer are described.

3. Amaravadi, R. K., William, A., … , White, E.(2011). Principles and current strategies for
targeting autophagy for cancer treatment. Clinical cancer research. 17(4), 656-666.doi:
10.115811078-0432.CCR-10-2634

Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/journal/ccr/

ABSTRACT: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, intracellular self-defense


mechanism in which organelles and proteins are sequestered into autophagic vesicles that
are subsequently degraded through fusion with lysosomes. Cells, thereby, prevent the toxic
accumulation of damaged or unnecessary components, but also recycle these components
to sustain metabolic homoeostasis. Heightened autophagy is a mechanism of resistance for
cancer cells faced with metabolic and therapeutic stress, revealing opportunities for
exploitation as a therapeutic target in cancer. We summarize recent developments in the
field of autophagy and cancer and build upon the results presented at the Cancer Therapy
Evaluation Program (CTEP) Early Drug Development meeting in March 2010. Herein, we
describe our current understanding of the core components of the autophagy machinery
and the functional relevance of autophagy within the tumor microenvironment, and we
outline how this knowledge has informed preclinical investigations combining the
autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and
immunotherapy. Finally, we describe ongoing clinical trials involving HCQ as a first
generation autophagy inhibitor, as well as strategies for the development of novel, more
potent, and specific inhibitors of autophagy.

(Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 654–66. ©2011 AACR.)

4. Aryal, S., Zhang, L., & Hu, C. J.(2010). Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies for
effective cancer treatment. Therapeutic delivery. 1(2), 323-334

Retrieved fromhttp://doi.org/10.4155/tde.10.13

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ABSTRACT: Combination chemotherapy and nanoparticle drug delivery are two areas that
have shown significant promise in cancer treatment. Combined therapy of two or more
drugs promotes synergism among the different drugs against cancer cells and suppresses
drug resistance through distinct mechanisms of action. Nanoparticle drug delivery, on the
other hand, enhances therapeutic effectiveness and reduces side effects of the drug
payloads by improving their pharmacokinetics. These two active research fields have been
recently merged to further improve the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This review article
summarizes the recent efforts in developing nanoparticle platforms to concurrently deliver
multiple types of drugs for combination chemotherapy. We also highlight the challenges and
design specifications that need to be considered in optimizing nanoparticle-based
combination chemotherapy.

5. Banerjee, U., & Diamantis, N.(2016). Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of


cancer treatment. British journal of cancer. 114(4), 362-367.

Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/journal/nature.com/articles/b

ABSTRACT: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging novel class of anticancer


treatment agents that combines the selectivity of targeted treatment with the cytotoxic
potency of chemotherapy drugs. New linker technology associated with novel highly potent
cytotoxic payloads has permitted the development of more effective and safe ADCs. In
recent years, two ADCs have been licensed, T-DM1 and brentuximab devoting, and are
already establishing their place in cancer treatment. A plethora of ADCs are being
investigated in phases I and II trials, emerging data of which appears promising. As we
deepen our understanding of what makes a successful ADC, an increasing number of ADCs
will likely become viable treatment options as single agents or in combination with
chemotherapy. This review will present the philosophy underlying ADCs, their main
characteristics and current research developments with a focus on ADCs in solid tumours

6. Baskar, R., Lee, K.A., Yech, K.W., & Yeo, R.(2012) Cancer and radiaton therapy: current
advances and future directions. International journal of medical sciences. 9(3).
193.doi: doi: 10.7150/ijms.3635

Retrieved from: http://www.scholar.google.co.in/s/ncbi.nih.gov

ABSTRACT: In recent years remarkable progress has been made towards the
understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development and treatment.

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However with its increasing incidence, the clinical management of cancer
continues to be a challenge for the 21st century. Treatment modalities comprise of
radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal
therapy. Radiation therapy remains an important component of cancer treatment
with approximately 50% of all cancer patients receiving radiation therapy during
their course of illness; it contributes towards 40% of curative treatment for
cancer. The main goal of radiation therapy is to deprive cancer cells of their
multiplication (cell division) potential. Celebrating a century of advances since
Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize for her research into radium, 2011 has
been designated the Year of Radiation therapy in the UK. Over the last 100 years,
ongoing advances in the techniques of radiation treatment and progress made in
understanding the biology of cancer cell responses to radiation will endeavor to
increase the survival and reduce treatment side effects for cancer patients. In this
review, principles, application and advances in radiation therapy with their
biological end points are discussed.

7. Brown, J.M., & Wilson, W.R.(2004). Exploiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment.
Nature reviews cancer. 4(6), 437-447.

Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/s/nature.com

ABSTRACT: Solid tumours contain regions at very low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia),
often surrounding areas of necrosis. The cells in these hypoxic regions are resistant to both
radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the existence of hypoxia and necrosis also
provides an opportunity for tumour-selective therapy, including prodrugs activated by
hypoxia, hypoxia-specific gene therapy, targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor 1
transcription factor, and recombinant anaerobic bacteria. These strategies could turn what
is now an impediment into a significant advantage for cancer therapy.

8. Clegg, N., Wongvipat, J., Joseph, J.D., Chen, Y., Tran, C., Dilhas, A., …, & Sawyer,
C.L.(2012). ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment. Cancer research.
72(6), 1494-1503.doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3948

Retrieved from http://www.scholar.google.co.in/s/cancerres.aacrjournals.org

ABSTRACT: Continued reliance on the androgen receptor (AR) is now understood as a core
mechanism in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the most advanced form of this
disease. While established and novel AR pathway–targeting agents display clinical efficacy in
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metastatic CRPC, dose-limiting side effects remain problematic for all current agents. In this
study, we report the discovery and development of ARN-509, a competitive AR inhibitor
that is fully antagonistic to AR overexpression, a common and important feature of CRPC.
ARN-509 was optimized for inhibition of AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell
proliferation, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo efficacy. In contrast to bicalutamide, ARN-509
lacked significant agonist activity in preclinical models of CRPC. Moreover, ARN-509 lacked
inducing activity for AR nuclear localization or DNA binding. In a clinically valid murine
xenograft model of human CRPC, ARN-509 showed greater efficacy than MDV3100. Maximal
therapeutic response in this model was achieved at 30 mg/kg/d of ARN-509, whereas the
same response required 100 mg/kg/d of MDV3100 and higher steady-state plasma
concentrations. Thus, ARN-509 exhibits characteristics predicting a higher therapeutic index
with a greater potential to reach maximally efficacious doses in man than current AR
antagonists.

9. Cross, D., & Burmester, J. K. (2006). Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and
future. Clinical medicine and research. 4(3), 218-227 Retrieved from

http://www.scholar.google.co.in/joural/clinicalmedicine&research/clinmedras.org

ABSTRACT: The broad field of gene therapy promises a number of innovative treatments
that are likely to become important in preventing deaths from cancer. In this review, we
discuss the history, highlights and future of three different gene therapy treatment
approaches: immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy and gene transfer. Immunotherapy uses
genetically modified cells and viral particles to stimulate the immune system to destroy
cancer cells. Recent clinical trials of second and third generation vaccines have shown

encouraging results with a wide range of cancers, including lung cancer, pancreatic cancer,
prostate cancer and malignant melanoma. Oncolytic virotherapy, which uses viral particles
that replicate within the cancer cell to cause cell death, is an emerging treatment modality
that shows great promise, particularly with metastatic cancers. Initial phase I trials for
several vectors have generated excitement over the potential power of this technique. Gene
transfer is a new treatment modality that introduces new genes into a cancerous cell or the
surrounding tissue to cause cell death or slow the growth of the cancer. This treatment
technique is very flexible, and a wide range of genes and vectors are being used in clinical
trials with successful outcomes. As these therapies mature, they may be used alone or in
combination with current treatments to help make cancer a manageable disease

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10. Harris, A.L., & Hochhauser, D.(1992). Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer
treatment. Acta oncologica. 31(2), 205-213.
Doi:http://doi.org/10.3109/02841869209088904

retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/s/tandofline.com

ABSTRACT: Advanced breast cancer responds to a range of cytotoxic agents, but


resistance always develops. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance may provide new
therapeutic options. There are several major groups of resistance mechanisms. 1) The
multidrug resistant phenotype. 2) Glutathione transferances and detoxification
mechanisms. 3) Topoisomerase II. DNA topoisomerases are involved in several aspects of
DNA metabolism in particular genetic recombination, DNA transcription, chromosome
segregation. They are a target for doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, VP16. Low levels of expression
are associated with resistance. 4) DNA repair. A score or more of genes are involved in the
repair of DNA damage by drugs and radiation. Defective DNA repair may predispose to
cancer of the breast and be responsible for adverse radiation reactions. Enhanced repair has
been shown to be a mechanism of cisplatinum resistance. Several genes are inducible by
DNA damage and may confer resistance e.g. A45. 5) Drug activation. Mitomycin C as well as
cyclophosphamide and VP16 require activation for their effects. Low levels of cytochrome
p450 reductase are associated with MMC resistance.

11. Jeyaraj, M., Sathiskumar, G., Sivanandhan, G., Rajesh, M., Premkumar, K., …, &

Ganapathi, A.(2013). Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental

report. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 106, 86-92

Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.027

ABSTRACT: A generation of nanoparticles research has discussed recently. It is mandatory


to elaborate the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in general and antica cereous
property in particular. The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity
effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells
towards the development of anticancer agent. Biogenic AgNPs were achieved by
employing Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract as a novel reducing agent. It was well
characterized by FESEM, EDAX and spectral studies showed spherical shaped nanoparticles

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in the size of 22 nm in slightly agglomerated form. It was surprising that biogenic AgNPs
showed cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell lines were confirmed by MTT, AO-EB, Hochest
and COMET assays. There was an immediate induction of cellular damage in terms of loss of
cell membrane integrity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in the cell which treated
with AgNPs. This may be a first report on anti-MCF-7 property of biogenic AgNPs in
the fourth generation of nanoparticles research. It is necessary to study the formulation and
clinical trials to establish the nano drug to treat cancer cells.

12. Keiden, M.(2015). Plasma for cancer treatment. Plasma sources science andtechnology.
24(3), 033001.doi: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/3/033001

Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/journal/plasmaincancertreatment

ABSTRACT: Plasma medicine is a relatively new field that grew from research in
application of low-temperature (or cold) atmospheric plasmas in bioengineering. One of the
most promising applications of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is cancer therapy. Convincing
evidence of CAP selectivity towards the cancer cells has been accumulated. This review
summarizes the state of the art of this emerging field, presenting various aspects of CAP
application in cancer such as the role of reactive species (reactive oxygen and nitrogen), cell
cycle modification, in vivo application, CAP interaction with cancer cells in conjunction with
nanoparticles, and computational oncology applied to CAP.

13. Kennedy, L.C., Lissert, R., Bickford, N., Lewinski, A., Andrew, J., …, & West, L.(2010). A
new era for cancer treatment: gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies. Small. 7(2),
169-183.doi: 10.1002/small.201000134

Retrieved from http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com


ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology-based cancer treatment approaches potentially provide
localized, targeted therapies that aim to enhance efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve
patient quality of life. Gold-nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia shows particular promise
in animal studies, and early clinical testing is currently underway. In this article, the rapidly
evolving field of gold nanoparticle thermal therapy is reviewed, highlighting recent literature
and describing current challenges to clinical translation of the technology.

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14. Ma, j., & Waxman, D.j.(2008). Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for
more effective cancer treatment. Molecular cancer therapeutics. 7(12), 3670-
3684.doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0715

Retrieved from http://mct.aacrjournals.org

ABSTRACT: Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development and metastasis and is now a


validated target for cancer treatment. However, the survival benefits of antiangiogenic
drugs have thus far been rather modest, stimulating interest in developing more effective
ways to combine antiangiogenic drugs with established chemotherapies. This review
discusses recent progress and emerging challenges in this field; interactions between
antiangiogenic drugs and conventional chemotherapeutic agents are examined, and
strategies for the optimization of combination therapies are discussed. Antiangiogenic drugs
such as the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab can induce a
functional normalization of the tumor vasculature that is transient and can potentiate the
activity of co administeredchemo radiotherapies. However, chronic angiogenesis inhibition
typically reduces tumor uptake of co administered chemotherapeutics, indicating a need to
explore new approaches, including intermittent treatment schedules and provascular
strategies to increase chemotherapeutic drug exposure. In cases where antiangiogenesis-
induced tumor cell starvation augments the intrinsic cytotoxic effects of a conventional
chemotherapeutic drug, combination therapy may increase antitumor activity despite a
decrease in cytotoxic drug exposure. As new angiogenesis inhibitors enter the clinic, reliable
surrogate markers are needed to monitor the progress of antiangiogenic therapies and to
identify responsive patients. New targets for antiangiogenesis continue to be discovered,
increasing the opportunities to interdict tumor angiogenesis and circumvent resistance
mechanisms that may emerge with chronic use of these drugs.

16. Nobilis, S., Lippi, D., Mini, E., … , Capaccioli, S.(2009). Natural compounds for cancer
research. Pharmacological research. 59(6), 365-378.doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.01.017

Retrieved from http://www.scholar.google.co.in/journal/pharmacologicalresearch

ABSTRACT:We describe here the main natural compounds used in cancer therapy and
prevention, the historical aspects of their application and pharmacognosy. Two major
applications of these compounds are described: as cancer therapeutics and as chemo
preventive compounds. Both natural compounds, extracted from plants or animals or
produced by microbes (antibiotics), and synthetic compounds, derived from natural
prototype structures, are being used. We also focus on the molecular aspects of interactions
with their recognized cellular targets, from DNA to microtubules. Some critical aspects of
current cancer chemotherapy are also discussed, focusing on genetics and genomics, and
the recent revolutionary theory of cancer: aneuploidy as the primum movens of cancer.

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16. Sapra, p., Tyagi, P., & Allen, T.M. (2005). Ligand-targeted liposomes for cancer
treatment. Current drug delivery. 2(4), 369-
381.doi:http://doi.org/10.2174/156720105774370159

retrieved fromhttp://www.scholar.google.co.in/ingentaconnect.com

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests that characteristics of pre-treatment FDG–


PET could be used as prognostic factors to predict outcomes in different cancer sites.
Current risk analyses are limited to visual assessment or direct uptake value measurements.
We are investigating intensity–volume histogram metrics and shape and texture features
extracted from PET images to predict patient's response to treatment. These approaches
were demonstrated using datasets from cervix and head and neck cancers, where AUC of
0.76 and 1.0 were achieved, respectively. The preliminary results suggest that the proposed
approaches could potentially provide better tools and discriminate power for utilizing
functional imaging in clinical prognosis.

17. Silver, J.K., & Baima, J.(2013). Cancer rehabilitation: an opportunity to decrease
treastment-related morbidity, increase cancer treatment options, and improve physical &
psychological health outcomes. American journal of physic al medicine and rehabiliaton.
32(8), 715-727.doi: 10.10197/PHM.0b013e31829b4afe

Retrieved fromhttp://www.
Scholar.google.co.in/journal/americanjournalofphysicalmedicine&rehabiliation/715-727/

ABSTRACT: Cancer prehabilitation, a process on the continuum of care that occurs


between the time of cancer diagnosis and the beginning of acute treatment, includes
physical and psychological assessments that establish a baseline functional level, identifies
impairments, and provides targeted interventions that improve a patient’s health to reduce
the incidence and the severity of current and future impairments. There is a growing body
of scientific evidence that supports preparing newly diagnosed cancer patients for and
optimizing their health before starting acute treatments. This is the first review of cancer
prehabilitation, and the purpose was to describe early studies in the noncancer population
and then the historical focus in cancer patients on aerobic conditioning and building
strength and stamina through an appropriate exercise regimen. More recent research
shows that opportunities exist to use other unimodal or multimodal prehabilitation
interventions to decrease morbidity, improve physical and psychological health outcomes,
increase the number of potential treatment options, decrease hospital readmissions, and
reduce both direct and indirect healthcare costs attributed to cancer. Future research may
demonstrate increased compliance with acute cancer treatment protocols and, therefore,

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improved survival outcomes. New studies suggest that a multimodal approach that
incorporates both physical and psychological prehabilitation interventions may be more
effective than a unimodal approach that addresses just one or the other. In an impairment-
driven cancer rehabilitation model, identifying current and anticipating future impairments
are the critical first steps in improving healthcare outcomes and decreasing costs. More
research is urgently needed to evaluate the most effective prehabilitation interventions, and
combinations thereof, for survivors of all types of cancer.

18. Schlegel, J.,Köritzer , J., & Boxhammer, V.(2013). Plasma is cancer treatment. Clinical
plasma medicine, 1(2), 2-7. Doi:10.1016/j.cpme.2013.08.001

Retrieved from http://www.


Scholar.google.co.in/journalarticles/recentdevelopmentsincancertratment

ABSTRACT: "Plasma oncology", i.e., the use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for the
treatment of tumours is a new field in plasma medicine. The results of several studies that
are summarized within this review show that CAP is effective against tumour cells both in
vitro and in vivo. It has been shown, that CAP in low concentration is able to stop tumour
cells growing, to induce cell death in higher concentrations and that this is more effective
than standard therapies. Moreover, first results indicate that CAP seems to be selective for
cancer cells since it is more effective in tumour cells than in normal non-neoplastic cells. The
current developments in this field have fueled the hope that CAP could be an interesting
new therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer.

19. Thundimadathil, J.(2012). Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and
future prospects. Journal of amino acids. 13(7), 212-223

Retrieved from http://scholar.google.co.in/s/downloads.hindawl.com

ABSTRACT: The role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs
which are already approved and those in clinical trials is discussed here. The potential of
peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are
available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of
peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted
therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be
utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or can act as a carrier of

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cytotoxic agents and radioisotopes by specifically targeting cancer cells. Peptide-based
hormonal therapy has been extensively studied and utilized for the treatment of breast and
prostate cancers. Tremendous amount of clinical data is currently available attesting to the
efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Combination therapy is emerging as an
important strategy to achieve synergistic effects in fighting cancer as a single method alone
may not be efficient enough to yield positive results. Combining immunotherapy with
conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy or combining an anticancer
peptide with a nonpeptidic cytotoxic drug is an example of this emerging field.

20. Vanneman, M., Dranoff, G.(2012). Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in
cancer treatment. Naturereviews cancer. 12(4), 237-251.

Retrieved fromhttp://www.nature.com/articles/n

ABSTRACT:During the past two decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has evolved
from relatively nonspecific cytotoxic agents to selective, mechanism-based therapeutics.
Cancer chemotherapies were initially identified through screens for compounds that killed
rapidly dividing cells. These drugs remain the backbone of current treatment, but they are
limited by a narrow therapeutic index, significant toxicities and frequently acquired
resistance. More recently, an improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis has given rise
to new treatment options, including targeted agents and cancer immunotherapy. Targeted
approaches aim to inhibit molecular pathways that are crucial for tumour growth and
maintenance; whereas, immunotherapy endeavours to stimulate a host immune response
that effectuates long-lived tumour destruction. Targeted therapies and cytotoxic agents also
modulate immune responses, which raises the possibility that these treatment strategies
might be effectively combined with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.

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Index part

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

ADVANCES

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

ANTIAGIOGENESIS

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

ANTI-ANDROGEN

ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment 8

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment 8

ASSISTED

Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies for effective cancer treatment 4

AUTOPHAGY

Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment 3

AUTOPHAGY

The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment 2

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Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

CANCER

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

CANCER

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

CANCER

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

CANCER

Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

CANCER

Expoiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment 7

CANCER

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

CANCER

Ligand-targeted liposomesfor cancer treatment 16

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CANCER

Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment 10

CANCER

Natural compounds for cancer research 15

CANCER

Plasma for cancer treatment 12

CANCER

Plasma is cancer treatment 18

Cancer rehabilitation: an opportunity to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

CANCER TREATMENT

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

CANCER TREATMENT

ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment 8

CANCER TREATMENT

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

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CANCER TREATMENT

Hypericin in cancer treatment: more light on the way 1

CANCER TREATMENT

Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies for effective cancer treatment 4

CANCER TREATMENT

Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment 3

CANCER TREATMENT

The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment 2

Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

CHEMOTHERAPY

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

CLASS

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

COMBINATION

Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies for effective cancer treatment 4

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

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Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

COMPOUNDS

Natural compounds for cancer research 15

CONJUGATES

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

CURRENT

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

CURRENT

Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

DECREASE

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

DIRECTION

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

DRUG

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

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EFFECTIVE

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

EMERGING

Antibody-drug conjugates—an emerging class of cancer treatment 5

ERA

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

EXPERIMENTAL

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

Expoiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment 7

FUTURE

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

FUTURE

Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

FUTURE

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

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GOLD

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

HEALTH

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treastment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

HYPERICIN

Hypericin in cancer treatment: more light on the way 1

Hypericin in cancer treatment: more light on the way 1

HYPOXIA

Expoiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment 7

IMMUNOTHERAPY

Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

LIPOSOMES

Ligand-targeted liposomesfor cancer treatment 16

Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment 10

MORBIDITY

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treastment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

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MULTIDRUG

Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment 10

NANOPARTICLES

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies for effective cancer treatment 4

NANOPARTICLES

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

Natural compounds for cancer research 15

NECROSIS

The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment 2

NEW

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

NOVEL

ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment 8

OPPORTUNITY

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

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OUTCOME

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treastment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

PAST

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

PEPTIDES

Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

PHYSICAL

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treastment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

Plasma for cancer treatment 12

Plasma is cancer treatment 18

PREHABILIATION

Cancer rehabilitation :an opportunity to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

PRESENT

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

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Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment 3

PROSPECTS

Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

PROSTRATE

ARN-509: a novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment 8

PSYCHOLOGICAL

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treastment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

RADIATION

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

REPORT

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

RESEARCH

Natural compounds for cancer research 15

RESISTANCE

Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment 10

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SILVER

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

STRATEGIES

Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment 3

TARGETED

Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

TARGETED

Ligand-targeted liposomesfor cancer treatment 16

TARGETING

Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment 3

The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment 2

THERAPIES

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

THERAPIES

Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

THERAPIES

Nanoparticle-assisted combination therapies foreffective cancer treatment 4

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THERAPY

Cancer and radiation therapy: current advances and future directions 6

THERAPY

Combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies in cancer treatment 20

THERAPY

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

THERAPY-INDUCED

The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment 2

THERMAL

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

TREATMENT

A new era for cancer treatment:gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies 13

TREATMENT

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report 11

TREATMENT

Cancer prehabilation:an opportunity to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase


cancer treatment options, and improve physical & psychological health outcomes 17

TREATMENT

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Cancer treatment using peptides:current therapies and future prospects 19

TREATMENT

Combination of antiangiogenesis with chemotherapy for more effective cancer treatment


14

TREATMENT

Expoiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment 7

TREATMENT

Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future 9

TREATMENT

Ligand-targeted liposomesfor cancer treatment 16

TREATMENT

Mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment 10

TREATMENT

Plasma for cancer treatment 12

TREATMENT

Plasma is cancer treatment 18

TUMOUR

Expoiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment 7

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CONCLUSION

It was a wonderful learning experience for me while working on this project. The
project tools me through the various phases of project development and gave me real
insight into the world of Indexing.

The joy of working, the thrill involved while tackling the various problems and
challenges gave me a feel of motivation about ‘Indexing’ on a specific topic like- ‘Latest
developments in cancer treatment’.

Indexing is an important part of the information storage and retrieval process. Index
provides a vital link between stored bibliographic data and it’s index retrieval.

KWOC indexing system is a term entry system which includes highlighting a keyword
from the title of the document. It is FULL FORM and DESCRIPTION.

It is the process of making the keywords stand out from the rest of the title so that the
document retrieval process becomes easy for the easy, no matter by what keyword they
choose to browse the database.

It is a post co-ordinate indexing system based on highlighting the key words principle.

It was developed by DEVELOPER NAME.

I enjoyed each and every bit of work I had put into this project. It also helped me to
understand the different steps and layers of classifying a subject and making index out of it,
I also learned the importance of making the schematic index of a topic. It has heled me to
understand the different aspects, latest updates and new techniques discovered in the field
of Cancer Research I recent days.

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