CHROMATOGRAPHY:

DOCUMENTATION LIST

A study of the subject for Secondary Information Work and Services

FINAL PROJECT
This individual final project is submitted to the Department of Library
and Information Science under the faculty of Arts of Jadavpur
University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLISc.)

Under the Guidance of Dr. Goutam Maity, Professor of Jadavpur

University.

Submitted by
Anwesha Mandal
Class Roll No- 002000801050
Session-2020-2021

DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE

JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
KOLKATA-700032

1
 PREFACE

The Project “Chromatography: Documentation list” is compiled as the

complimentary to the paper “BL-13” “Indexing System” according to
the syllabus of Bachelor of Library and Information Science(BLIS) 0f
Jadavpur University.

Place: Basirhat Name: Anwesha Mandal

Date: 31.08.2021 Roll No- 002000801050

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my class teacher
Dr. Goutam Maity, Associate Professor, Department of Library and Information
Science, Jadavpur University. He has been a great source of inspiration during the
entire tenure of this project. His guidance and advice helped me to complete this
project successfully.

Next I would like to extend my gratitude to our Central and Departmental

Library’s Staff for helping with their presence and for encouraging all through the
project work.

I am indebted to all my class friends who are always so helpful in numerous ways.

Last but not least, I would like to say a heartfelt thank you to my parents and my
elder brother for always believing in me and encouraging me to follow my dream.

Place: Basirhat Anwesha Mandal

Date: 31.08.2021 Roll No- 002000801050

3
 CONTENTS
Serial No Particulars Page No
1 Introduction 5
2 Guide to Users 6-7
3 Main Part 8-20
4 Index Part 21-24
5 Conclusion 25

4
 INTRODUCTION

Study of the subject on documentation of any subject is a way which services to

make a document on study material, available to the seeker of knowledge, for
better understanding of the subject- a study of documentation, its literature search
and its users study is made following an accepted methodology with APA style.
An indexing is a systematic procedure for developing knowledge about the
highway and low ways of the subject. In order to conduct the study of the subject
and their quick search by readers or users, they should go through the following
methods-

COVERAGE OF THE SUBJECT

The study of the subject covered in this documentation is “Chromatography”.

STRUCTURE OF THE LIST

Here main part is described with Serial no. of the article name of the author,
volume no, issue no, year of publication.

INDEX
An index is presented in alphabetical manner often the document on more
precisely the main part with the serial no. of the main part to allow searching the
original quickly.

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 CHROMATOGRAPHY: DOUMENTATION LIST
GUIDE TO USERS

1. Coverage
1a Subject- Chromatography

1b Language- English

1c Period Cover- 1951-2012

1d Document Cover- Periodical articles

2. STRUCTURE OF THE LIST

2A Main Part

2Aa Item of Information

1. Berthod, A. (2002).
1 2 3

Countercurrent chromatography. Elsevier +

4 5
Abstract
6

1 Serial No.

2 Name of the author

3 Year of Publication

4 Title of the article

5 Publisher

6 Abstract

6
2Ab ARRANGEMENT: According to alphabetical order

2B Index Part

2Ba Kind of Index

2Ba1 Keyword Index

2Ba11 Items of Information

1 Keyword heading derived by KWIC

2 Serial no. of the main part

2Ba12 ARRANGEMENT: According to alphabetical order

3 How to Use

If you know the name of the author, Search under main part and if you know the
subject then search under index part.

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 CHROMATOGRAPHY: DOCUMENTATION LIST
Main Part
(Arranged alphabetically according to the surname of author’s)

1. Berthod, A. (2002). Countercurrent chromatography. Elsevier. Retrieved from

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=150&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D56w7EelNNpcJ

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique in which the

stationary
phase is a liquid. The mobile phase is also a liquid, so biphasic liquid systems with
at least
two solvents are used. Centrifugal fields are used to hold the liquid stationary
phase while pushing the liquid mobile phase through it. This comprehensive
reference covers recent advancements in the two types of CCC machines: the high
speed CCCs without rotary seals and with coiled spools and centrifugal partition
chromatographs (CPC) with rotary seals and interconnected channels. Written by
leading international experts in the CCC fields, the book focuses on the liquid
nature of the stationary phase: giving newcomers the basis to do CCC efficiently
and rapidly; explaining the art of obtaining a biphasic liquid systems; describing
the flow patterns in both CPC and high speed CCC machines; showing possible
other uses of a liquid stationary phase; presenting a wealth of applications in the
separation of organic, pharmaceutical and inorganic mixtures; and demonstrating
that even supercritical fluids can be used in CCC.

2. Hage, D.S. & Cazes, J. (2005). Handbook of affinity chromatography. CRC

Press. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=100&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DcKBD_9yhD7AJ

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This essential handbook guides investigators in the theory, applications, and
practical use of
affinity chromatography in a variety of fields including biotechnology,
biochemistry,
molecular biology, analytical chemistry, proteomics, pharmaceutical science,
environmental analysis, and clinical chemistry.

3. Hibbert, D. B. (2012). Experimental design in chromatography: a tutorial

review. Journal of chromatography, B 910, 2-13. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=40&q=chromatography+journal+article+
&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DK3BiZNenG8j

The ability of a chromatographic method to successful separate, identify and

quantitate species is determined by many factors, many of which are in the control
of the experimenter. When attempting to discover the important factors and then
optimise a response by tuning these factors, experimental design (design of
experiments, DoE) gives a powerful suite of statistical methodology. Advantages
include modelling by empirical functions, not requiring detailed knowledge of the
underlying physico-chemical properties of the system, a defined number of
experiments to be performed, and available software to accomplish the task. Two
uses of DoE in chromatography are for showing lack of significant effects in
robustness studies for method validation, and for identifying significant factors and
then optimising a response with respect to them in method development. Plackett–
Burman designs are widely used in validation studies, and fractional factorial
designs and their extensions such as central composite designs are the most
popular optimisers. Box–Behnken and Doehlert designs are becoming more used
as efficient alternatives. If it is not possible to practically realise values of the
factors required by experimental designs, or if there is a constraint on the total
number of experiments that can be done, then D-optimal designs can be very

9
powerful. Examples of the use of DoE in chromatography are reviewed.
Recommendations are given on how to report DoE studies in the literature.

4. Lindsay, S., & Barnes, J. (1992). High performance liquid chromatography.

John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=chromatography+journal+article&
hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DVdeaNuomyD4J

High performance liquid chromatography is the most powerful of all the

chromatographic
techniques, often achieving separations and analyses that would be difficult or
impossible
with other forms of chromatography. This study and training text examines the
concepts and techniques used in this field. A selection of literature available from
equipment manufacturers is included along with a brief review of some more
specialized topics.

5. Lipkowitz, K.B. (2001). Atomistic modeling of enantioselection in

chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 906(1-2), 417-442. Retrieved
from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=210&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DWT_PNbOJOMAJ

A review of atomistic molecular modeling studies related to chromatographic

separations of enantiomers is presented. Only those types of calculations where
direct interactions between a selector and a selectand are involved are described in
this review; omitted are regression models. An emphasis is placed on comparing
methods used for sampling potential energy surfaces implementing different

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methodologies like quantum and molecular mechanics for energy calculations, and
molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo sampling strategies for simulations. Type I–
V chiral stationary phases and additives for capillary electrophoresis and ion-pair
chromatography are covered in this review.

6. Lipsky, S. R., & Horvath, C. (1969). Column design in high pressure liquid
chromatography. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 7(2), 109-116. Retrieved
from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=190&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DoRi30t3xcloJ

High resolution and speed are accomplished in liquid chromatography with long
columns, packed with small particles, and operated at high fluid velocities, which
demands high inlet pressures. The available pressure drop is best exploited by
using columns with low reduced plate heights in the practical velocity range and
with packing that withstands high pressures without structural changes. Pellicular
sorbents, consisting of uniform porous spherical shells supported by fluid-
impermeable, mechanically strong particles, such as glass microspheres, meet
these requirements as opposed to many conventional column packing materials.
Their advantages are discussed from a theoretical and practical point of view and
procedures are outlined for their preparation.

7. Manne, R. (1995).On the resolution problem in hyphenated chromatography.

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 27(1), 89-94. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=0
,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DdNeWJFX1038J

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The theory of model-free resolution of data matrices from hyphenated
chromatography is considered. In this experimental technique the elution products
of chromatography are simultaneously analyzed by spectroscopy. A simple
example shows that the resolution of spectra for embedded peaks and
concentration profiles for embedding peaks is impossible without use of modeling
data. General conditions are given for when such resolution can and cannot be
performed. These results include and extend those previously obtained by Maeder
and Malinowski.

8. McQuarrie, D. A. (1963). On the stochastic theory of chromatography . The

Journal of Chemical Physics, 38(2), 437-445. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=140&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DnG2QobYPMa8J

Chromatography has been represented as a Poisson process and expressions have

been derived for the elution curves of various types of chromatographic systems,
such as a column with several kinds of sites, and a column with one kind of site but
with various realistic input distributions. The previous stochastic treatments
of chromatography have solved exactly only the case of a column with one kind of
site with a delta‐function input distribution. These various cases have been solved
by means of the complex‐variable theory of Laplace transforms. The exact
expressions are usually complicated and of not much numerical utility. A
technique is described by means of which any case can be well approximated by a
consideration of only the first few central moments. This has proved to be of great
practical use since there exists a theorem of mathematical statistics which allows
one to determine moments of complex problems when those of simpler problems
are known. This makes it possible to derive easily used expressions for the various
elution curves

12
9. Nawrocki, J. (1997). The Silanol group and its role in liquid chromatography.
Journal of Chromatography A, 779(1-2), 29-71. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=chromatography+jo
urnal+article&0q

Silica is the most widely used material in chromatography. Silica supports are still
superior to other supports. There are, however, several problems with silica-based
materials: severe peak tailing in the chromatography of basic compounds, limited
pH stability, and irreproducibility for the same chemistry columns. The silanol
group plays a key role in the chromatographic properties of silica. Therefore, this
review discusses the current state of knowledge on silica surface chemistry and the
impact of the chemistry on chromatography of basic solutes. The influence of the
silica surface on the stability of bonded phases is also described. We discuss recent
developments in IR and NMR spectroscopy of the silica surface, modern
understanding of silica surface chemistry, and recent achievements in
chromatography of basic solutes. HPLC of organic bases is troublesome due to
poor understanding of the mechanisms responsible for difficult chromatography of
the solutes. A significant part of the review concerns HPLC of organic bases and it
emphasizes the importance of the ion-exchange mechanism for the retention of the
bases. The paper discusses how to avoid and how to use ion-exchange for
chromatography of organic bases. Factors controlling ion-exchange mechanisms
on siliceous supports are discussed in detail.

10. Neue, U. D. (2008). Peak capacity in unidimensional chromatography . Journal

of Chromatography A, 1184(1-2), 107-130. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=130&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DEsiMKKPzDuQJ

13
The currently existing knowledge about peak capacity in unidimensional
separations is reviewed. The majority of the paper is dedicated to reversed-phase
gradient chromatography, covering specific techniques as well as the subject of
peak compression. Other sections deal with peak capacity in isocratic
chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography and ion-exchange
chromatography. An important topic is the limitation of the separation power and
the meaning of the concept of peak capacity for real applications.

11. Poole, C. F., & Poole, S.K. (1995). Multidimensionality in planar

chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 703(1-2), 573-612. Retrieved
from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=210&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DpTHoG_msOMEJ

Multidimensionality in planar chromatography takes on a broader context than is

common for column separations. Multidimensional methods used to improve the
separation capacity in planar chromatography include unidimensional multiple
development and two-dimensional development practiced under conditions of
capillary controlled or forced flow of the mobile phase, mobile phase gradients and
system automation. Theoretical considerations, the correct approach to methods
development, instrumental requirements and contemporary applications of these
approaches are outlined in this review. Interfacing column chromatographic
methods, such as gas, liquid or supercritical fluid as one dimension and planar
chromatography as the second, are not commonly mentioned in the literature but
offer some unique possibilities for enhancing both separations and detection. These
approaches are outlined here with a view to increasing the awareness of their
potential for complex mixture analysis, component identification and trace
analysis.

14
12. Poole, C.F. & Schuette, S.A. (2012). Contemporary Practice of
Chromatography. Elsevier. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=40&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=0
,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3De71lx26K3sOJ

Written for all those who use chromatography as an analytical tool, this book
covers all areas
of gas, liquid, and thin-layer chromatography; no other book offers the same
scope. The
authors have had considerable experience in teaching graduate-level courses and
the material presented here has been tried and tested, having formed the basis for
short courses taught to groups of industrial chemists. Emphasis is on the practice of
chromatographic methods. Extensively illustrated, the book contains numerous
tables of all useful constants, materials and formulas frequently used by
chromatographers. Valuable features are the chapters on sample preparation for
chromatographic analysis, on instrumental methods for sample identification, and
the comprehensive literature review.

13. Scott, R.P.W. (2003). Principles and Practice of Chromatography . Chrom-ed

book series 1. Retrieved from

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=40&q=chromatography+journal+article+
&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DK3BiZNenG8j

Chromatography, although primarily a separation technique, is mostly employed

in chemical analysis. Nevertheless, to a limited extent, it is also used for
preparative purposes, particularly for the isolation of relatively small amounts of
materials that have comparatively high intrinsic value. Chromatography is
probably the most powerful and versatile technique available to the modern

15
analyst. In a single step process it can separate a mixture into its individual
components and simultaneously provide an quantitative estimate of each
constituent.

14. Sherma, J., & Fried B. (2003). Handbook of thin layer chromatography. CRC
Press. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=30&q=chromatography+journal+article+
&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DK3BiZNenG8j

In this third edition, more than 40 renowned authorities introduce and update
chapters on
the theory, fundamentals, techniques, and instrumentation of thin-
layer chromatography
(TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), highlighting
the latest procedures and applications of TLC to 19 important compound classes
and coverage of TLC applications by compound type. Easily adaptable to
industrial scenarios, the Handbook of Thin- Layer Chromatography, Third Edition
supports practical research strategies with extensive tables of data, offers numerous
figures that illustrate techniques and chromatograms, and includes a glossary as
well as a directory of equipment suppliers.

15. Smith, R. M. (1988). Supercritical fluid chromatography . Retrieved from

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=120&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D2aDoY21uooYJ

This book is the first to address the subject of supercritical fluid chromatography
(SFC) in a dedicated volume. Previously, there have been several volumes on the
subject of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and related technologies (from a
chemical engineering perspective), a number of special journal issues largely

16
devoted to SFC, and an ACS symposium volume (no. 366) on both SFE and SFC.
This new contribution, the first of a Royal Society of Chemistry Chromatography
Monograph Series, is a collection of eight articles covering principles of SFC
(Chapters 1-4), comparison of capillary SFC and high-temperature gas
chromatography (GC) (Chapter 5), SFC/MS (Chapters 6 and 7), and combined
SFE-SFC (Chapter 8).

16. Suzuki, M., & Smith, J. M. (1971). Kinetic studies by chromatography.

Chemical Engineering Science, 26(2), 221-235. . Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=200&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DOzAj9BMfTHoJ

The chromatographic behavior of a fixed-bed catalytic reactor has been predicted

when axial dispersion, particle-to-fluid diffusion, intraparticle diffusion,
adsorption, and surface reaction all may affect the results. Equations are presented
for the zeroth, first, and second moments of the chromatographic peak in terms of
the rate constants for the five processes, assuming that the adsorption and surface
reactions are first order and that the bed is isothermal.

Moments can be obtained from experimental chromatographic data. Methods are

presented for evaluating the rate constants for adsorption and surface reaction from
such data. Simplified equations are developed for cases where either one or two of
the transport processes are insignificant, or where adsorption or surface reaction
control the surface processes.

17. Toennies, G., & Kolb, J.J. (1951).Techniques and reagents for Paper
Chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 23(6), 823-826. . Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=40&q=chromatography+journal+article+
&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DK3BiZNenG8j

17
This report deals with the choice of paper for chro-matography, the use of
hydrochloric acid as a vehicle for the application of amino acids, and the use of a
comb for application of solutions in horizontal strips. It describes an inexpensive,
transparent tank with accessories and means of color development on
chromatographed sheets. All reagents are applied by dipping, instead of spraying;
ninhydrin, in anhydrous acetone. Also described are nitroprus-side and cyanide
dipping reagents of low water con-tent, which produce relatively permanent colors
with –SH and –S-S-, as well as a platinum and a palladium reagent for detection of
reducing com-pounds in general. An arrangements shown for production of
inexpensive chromatographic records by three-filter photography in transmitted
light.

18. Vijayalakshmi, M.A. (1989). Pseudobiospecific ligand affinity

chromatography. Trends in Biotechnology, 7(3), 71-76. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=220&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D3_RUufSnJMoJ

Pseudobiospecific ligand affinity chromatography is based on the use of robust and

inexpensive substitutes for the biological ligands used in biospecific ligand affinity
chromatography. The interactions between proteins and immobilized metals, dyes
or histidine can be made specific enough to enable single-step purifications from
biological mixtures. This paper examines the mechanisms of these interactions,
their practical implications and compares three methods of ‘pseudobioaffinity’
chromatography.

18
19. Vissers, P.C.J. (1999). Recent developments in microcolumn liquid
chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 856(1-2), 117-143.Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=30&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=0
,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D2_bV-mBU5fkJ

An overview of the most recent developments in microcolumn liquid

chromatography (LC) is presented. A short theoretical discussion on
chromatographic dilution and extracolumn bandbroadening is given and also the
recent progress and advances in column technology and instrumentation are
reviewed. However, the emphasis of this review is on miniaturized sample clean-
up, sample introduction techniques and on both established and more recent
detection techniques for microcolumn LC. The hyphenation of miniaturized LC
columns with other techniques, specifically on multidimensional chromatography
and the coupling of microcolumn LC to mass spectrometry is discussed in detail.
Both the on-line and automated off-line interfacing to other separation and
detection techniques will also be addressed. Finally, a number of typical
microcolumn LC applications are presented in order to demonstrate the potential of
microcolumn LC methods in a variety of scientific areas.

20. Yan, B., Zhao, J., Brown, J.S., Blackwell, J., & Carr, P.W. (2000). High-
temperature ultrafast liquid chromatography. Analytical Chromatography, 72(6),
1253-1262. Retrieved from
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=180&q=chromatography&hl=en&as_sdt=
0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3Dtft7S4kY_48J

A novel liquid chromatographic system which enables high temperature ultrafast

liquid chromatography (HTUFLC) has been designed through the careful
consideration of heat transfer, band broadening, and pressure drop. Studies of the
effect of linear velocity on the HETP show that column efficiency at high velocity,
especially of well-retained solutes, dramatically improves at higher temperatures.

19
At 150 °C, at a flow rate of 15 mL/min with a 5 cm by 4.6 mm (i.d.) column
packed with 3 μm polystyrene-coated zirconia porous particles, long chain
alkylphenones were completely resolved, and the analysis time could be decreased
by a factor of 50 compared to that at room temperature (25 °C) at a conventional
flow rate (4 mL/min). In addition, using pure water as the mobile phase, five
phenols were separated in less than 30 s

20
 INDEX PART
(Arranged alphabetically)
Note: Users are requested to read after slash (/) to get the
original title.

Affinity chromatography/ Handbook of 2

Affinity chromatography/ Pseudobiospecific ligand 18

Atomistic modeling of enantioselection in chromatography 5

Chromatography/ Atomistic modeling of enantioselection in 5

Chromatography/ Column design in high pressure liquid 6

Chromatography/ Contemporary practice of 12

Chromatography/ Countercurrent 1

Chromatography/ Experimental design in 3

Chromatography/ Handbook of affinity 2

Chromatography/ Handbook of thin-layer 14

Chromatography/ High performance liquid 4

Chromatography/ High performance ultrafast liquid 20

Chromatography/ Kinetic studies by 16

Chromatography/ Multidimensionality in planar 11

Chromatography/ On the resolution problem in hyphenated 7

21
Chromatography/ On the stochastic theory of 8

Chromatography/ Peak capacity in unidimensional 10

Chromatography/ Principles and practice of 13

Chromatography/ Pseudobiospecific ligand affinity 18

Chromatography/ Recent developments in microcolumn liquid 19

Chromatography/ Supercritical fluid 15

Chromatography/ Techniques and reagents for Paper 17

Chromatography/ The silanol group and its role in liquid 9

Column design in high pressure liquid chromatography 6

Contemporary practice of chromatography 12

Countercurrent chromatography 1

Design in Chromatography/ Experimental 3

Enantioselection in chromatography/ Atomistic modeling of 5

Experimental design in Chromatography: a tutorial review 3

Handbook of affinity chromatography 2

Handbook of thin-layer chromatography 14

High performance liquid chromatography 4

High pressure liquid chromatography/ Column design in 6

High performance ultrafast liquid chromatography 20

Hyphenated chromatography/ On the resolution problem in 7

22
Its role in liquid chromatography/ The silanol group and 9

Kinetic studies by chromatography 16

Liquid chromatography/ Column design in high pressure 6

Liquid chromatography/ High performance 4

Liquid chromatography/ High performance ultrafast 20

Liquid chromatography/ Recent developments in microcolumn 19

Liquid chromatography/ The silanol group and its role in 9

Microcolumn liquid chromatography/ Recent developments in 19

Multidimensionality in planar chromatography 11

On the resolution problem in hyphenated chromatography 7

On the stochastic theory of chromatography 8

Paper Chromatography/ Techniques and reagents for 17

Peak capacity in unidimensional chromatography 10

Practice of Chromatography/ Principles and 13

Principles and practice of Chromatography 13

Planar chromatography/ Multidimensionality in 11

Problem in hyphenated chromatography/ On the resolution 7

Pseudobiospecific ligand affinity chromatography 18

Reagents for Paper Chromatography/ Techniques and 17

Recent developments in microcolumn liquid chromatography 19

23
Studies by chromatography/ Kinetic 16

Supercritical fluid chromatography 15

Techniques and reagents for Paper Chromatography 17

The silanol group and its role in liquid chromatography 9

Theory of chromatography/ On the stochastic 8

Thin-layer chromatography/ Handbook of 14

Unidimensional chromatography/ Peak capacity in 10

Ultrafast liquid chromatography/ High performance 20

24
 CONCLUSION

Indexing is an important part of the information storage and retrieval process.

Index provides a vital role between stored bibliographic data and its later retrieval.

KWIC Index system is formed by sorting and aligning the words within an article
title to allow each word in titles to be searchable alphabetically in the index, it was
a useful indexing method for technical manuals before computerized full text
search become common. A KWIC index usually uses a wide layout to allow the
display of maximum ‘in Context’ information.

In our study we found that, chromatographic techniques were used to separate

substances based on their color as well as of herbal pigments. With time its
application area are extended considerably. Nowadays, chromatography is
accepted as an extremely sensitive, and effective separation method.

Chromatography has numerous applications in biological and chemical fields. It is

widely used in biochemical research for the separation and identification of
chemical compounds of biological origin.

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THANK YOU

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