Manlapaz Final Done V2

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URFR
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research Final Report
An Autonomous University Page No.: Page 1 of 66
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Effectivity Date: August 2022
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
Reviewed by: QMR
QUALITY FORM Approved by: President
Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in 21st Century
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Degree Bachelor of Library and Information Science
by
Christopher Yen Manlapaz
May 2023
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Approval Sheet
This thesis hereto entitled:
prepared and submitted by Christopher Yen Manlapaz in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English has
been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.
AUGUSTA ROSARIO A. VILLAMATER, EdD

Adviser
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of ____________

on ____________________.
Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D Josephine L. Belen

Member Member
Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D

Chair
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English.
Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D

Dean, College of Education
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Table of Contents
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Table of Contents 3
List of Figures and Tables 5
Acknowledgments 6
1. Platform/s Thematic Areas 7
2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7
3. Abstract 8
4. Background 9
4.1. Rationale of the Research 9

4.2. Purpose of the Research 11
4.3. Theoretical Framework 12
4.4. Literature Survey 16
4.5. Significance of the Research 24
4.6. Statement of the Desired Outcomes 25
4.7. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results 26
4.8. Definition of Terms 26
4.9. Scope and Limitations of the Study 27
5. Description of Method or Approach 28
5.1. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering

Procedures 28
5.2. Respondents/Units of analysis/Subjects of the Study 30
5.3. Sampling Design and Procedures 30
5.4. Research Locale/Study Site 31
5.5. Assumptions or Hypotheses 31
5.6. Data Analysis Plan 31
5.7. Research Paradigm/Conceptual Framework 33
6. Results and Discussion 35
7. Conclusions 45
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8. Recommendations 46
9. References 47
10. Major Final Output 49
Appendices 51
A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher 51

B. Research Instruments 52
C. Informed Consent Form 62
D. Transmittal Letters 67
E. Rating Sheets 67
F. Certificate of Originality 67
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List of Figures and Tables
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 33
Table
1 Research Formulas 32
2 Interpretation of Rates and Weighted Mean 33
3 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 35
4 The 21st Century Skills that a Librarian should possess in the Premises of the Library 37
5 Specific Librarian Roles Influenced by the 21st Century in Terms of: Work Settings 40
6 Specific Librarian Roles Influenced by the 21st Century in Terms of: Librarian Roles 43
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Acknowledgments
The Researcher would like to thank the following for giving valuable help for the
accomplishment of this study.
To the adviser, Augusta Rosario A. Villamater, EdD, who gave continuous
guidance, time, and shared valuable knowledge throughout the study.
To the research panelists ________________ who gave their wisdom for the
betterment of this research.
To___________
To____________
To the respondents, for their time and interest, without which this study would not
have been possible.
To_____
To God
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Research Title:
Name of Researcher : Christopher Yen Manlapaz

Degree : Bachelor of Library and Information Science
Specialization : Library Science
Name of Research Adviser : AUGUSTA ROSARIO A. VILLAMATER, EdD
1. Platform/s Thematic Areas (Based on MSEUF Research Agenda 2019 – 2030)

Check applicable boxes:
☐ Technology, Engineering, and Industry 4.0 Research
☐ Environmental Protection, Development, and Conservation Research
☐ Business, Economics and Industry 4.0 Research
☐ Politics, Society, and Culture Research
☐ Legal, Law Enforcement, and Criminology Research
☐ Health Research, Development, Innovation, and Extension
☒ Education 4.0 and Workforce 4.0 Research
2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

(Depending on the platform, you may check more than one SDG)
☐ SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
☐ SDG 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture.
☐ SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
☒ SDG 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all.
☐ SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
☐ SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for
all.
☐ SDG 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable & modern energy for all
☐ SDG 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all.
☐ SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation.
☐ SDG 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries.
☐ SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
☐ SDG 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
☐ SDG 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
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☐ SDG 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development.
☐ SDG 15. Protect restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
☐ SDG 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,
provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels.
3. Abstract
21st century technological advancement has increased, steadily making
every aspect of the world accessible by everyone. Book flipping has become
gadget swiping. With this comes the challenge of new roles arising. The study
focused on new roles of Librarians in 21st century librarianship.It sought to answer
the following: (1) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: age, sex,
and year/s of library experience; (2) What is the perception of librarians with regards to 21st
century skills that should be possessed by a librarian; (3) What are specific librarian’s roles
which emerged due to the influence of 21st century to librarianship in terms of: work settings
and library roles? The study is descriptive quantitative research, with Total enumer-
ation as sampling method, and 30 Librarians from Lucena, Quezon Province as
respondents.
It was found that most were 22-25 y/o, have experience of 2-6 years, and
were female. The skills perceived that librarians should have were flexibility,
computer-literacy, and community builders. For roles, they should be man-
agers, educators, and technical supports.

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The research then recommends: librarians and institutions must be updated on
technological trends and developments. Collaboration and training to develop skills
for a digitized world should also be done.
Lastly, based on the findings, a staff development and training program
entitled, “Librarians of Yesterday to Librarians of Now: A Staff Development
and Training Program” was created to develop more librarian skills.
Keywords: Librarian, Librarianship, Digital, 21st century, Digital Era, Library
4. Background
4.1. Rationale of the Research
In today's virtual world, we try to know everything by using internet tech-
nologies, with access widely available and reasonably priced everywhere.
Most library resources were moved to an online platform. Digitization of library
collections, automation in acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, and referencing
technology, as well as open-source software, have the potential to free up li-
brarians' time and library space for new initiatives. Now, because most of
these services are available with open-source software, the initial investment
cost is bearable for most existing libraries, and thus migration is occurring at a
rapid pace.
With technological advancements and the changing learning environ-
ment, librarians are providing border-less information services. According to
Obadare (n.d), virtual information is changing the role of librarians radically:
Students will not wait any longer to seek assistance in a library. The virtual li -
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brary environment encompasses the concept of the virtual library but is more
than a collection of digitized resources. The virtual library provides access to
an integrated collection of print, electronic and multimedia resources delivered
seamlessly and transparently to users regardless of their physical location or
the location and ownership of the information. This new role makes it impera-
tive for libraries and librarians to provide services and instructions regardless
of location, time, or format. Librarians are known as trained professionals who
acquire, organize, retrieve, preserve printed documents, disseminate informa-
tion, and assist users in finding the information they need. They can also assist
users in using these found necessary information for personal and professional
purposes. Under the influence of today's electronic information age, where in-
formation is treated as an economic resource, a marketable commodity, and a
social wealth, librarians are to play an active and important role in the process
of information communication system. Librarians in the virtual era are primarily
focused on virtual library services and 24/7 faster delivery of information via
mobile technology-based tools/apps to meet user expectations on their mobile
devices anywhere and at any time. The virtual librarian plays a new dynamic
role in facilitating easy access to ICT infrastructures. Also, ICT enables the ex-
istence of services that contain virtual information such as abstracts, indexes,
full-text databases, and sound and video recordings in digital formats. Digital li-
brarianship is primarily concerned with the concept of library professionals who
work in a digital library. Virtual information management systems have altered

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the way librarians acquire, process, store, and deliver information to users in
the twenty-first century.
The main objective of this research study is to determine the new roles of
librarians in the 21st century and how it affects the job performance of the li-
brarians who were trained to obtain skills in a traditional method. The re-
searcher conducted this study to attain the main objective which is to identify
the roles of librarian from the data to be gathered from the selected respon-
dents of Lucena City in Quezon province. This research will help provide in-
sights for the Librarians in Quezon province to continue and improve their craft.
The results of this study are hoped to present a development for more holistic
perspective in the formation of the students’ future undertakings through their
education.
4.2. Purpose of the Research
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how librarians interact with virtual
materials, electronic resources, and online services, as well as their percep-
tions of their benefits and drawbacks. Specifically, this study seeks to answer
the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. age;
b. sex; and
c. year/s of library experience?
2. What is the perception of librarians with regards to 21 st cen-

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tury skills that should be possessed by a librarian?
3. What are specific librarian’s roles which emerged due to the
influence of 21st century to librarianship in terms of:
a) Work settings;
b) Library roles?
4.3. Theoretical Framework
Computer-Mediated Environments (CMEs)
Computer-Mediated Environments (CMEs) are defined as the distributed
computer networks used to access and provide hypermedia content. CMEs en-
able people to communicate and interact electronically, either at the same time
or not (Hoffman & Novak, 1996). Today, web-based information systems can
be found in applications touching the masses wherein communication is signifi-
cantly mediated through the web (Koufaris & Hampton-Sosa, 2004). The per-
vasive use of the World Wide Web (WWW) has led to the creation and prolifer-
ation of CMEs leading to a strong technological medium and mode of commu-
nication amongst people. In a library environment, task-oriented online com-
munication tools like blogs & instant messaging (IM) are an integral part of the
CME allowing patrons to communicate and interact electronically, either syn-
chronously or asynchronously. VRS can be initiated and accomplished essen-
tially in a CME for the maximum benefit of the library users. In connection with
the present study, the CME Theory explains how certain content can be exe-
cuted through virtual expense. Withal, it makes the current study with regards
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to virtual librarianship having the thought that library experience would come in
virtual hand during the 21 st century. In contrast with the past experiences with
library making face-to-face transactions and reading on-hand books, this the-
ory makes support of how virtual librarianship will be mandated for librarians to
uphold.
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Technology is of little value unless it is accepted and used (Oye, Iahad
and Ab- Rahim 2012). Therefore, the understanding of technology acceptance
is vital because the most important benefit associated with access to the new
technologies is the increase in the supply of the information (Suvarna and Go-
davari 2012). Many researchers have proposed theories and models of tech-
nology acceptance to explain and predict user acceptance with technology to
account for rapid change in both technologies and their environment (Oye, Ia-
had and Ab-Rahim 2012). Based on the theory of reasoned Action, Davis
(1989) Developed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which deals more
specifically with the prediction of the acceptability of an information system.
TAM was developed to explain and predict users’ acceptance of new technol-
ogy (King & He, 2006). TAM predicts the acceptability of a tool and identifies
the modifications which must be brought to the system to make it acceptable to
users. TAM suggests that the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use
of IT are major determinants of its use, and the acceptability of an information
system is determined by these two factors. In support of the current study of A

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New Role of Librarian in the 21st Century, technology acceptance is about how
people accept and adopt some technology for use. User acceptance of tech-
nology has further been explained as the demonstrable willingness within a
user group to employ IT for the tasks it is designed to support. Therefore, it ex-
plains how the library or people who are users of the library will intake the
changes made from the physical to virtual experience. It circles the adaptation
of the new experience that affects the users of it.
The Diffusion of Innovation Theory
The diffusion of innovation theory (Rogers, 2003) helped to explain indi-
vidual librarian participation in relation to their technology use, their attitudes
toward technology, and their adoption of innovations. According to this frame-
work, individuals, and even entire organizations adopt innovations at different
rates and play different roles in the adoption process. Rogers (2003) identified
roles in the adoption process which includes innovators, early adopters, lag-
gards, change agents, and opinion leaders. Innovators and early adopters are
quick to investigate and try innovative resources such as innovative technol-
ogy. However, the majority accept an innovation much later in the process or
resist adopting new technology altogether. Thus, a library may adopt a new
technology, but librarians may be slow to accept and adopt the technology into
their practice. Rogers (2003) demonstrated that the adopter distribution follows
an s-curve over time with the five adopter categories: innovators, early
adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards.

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As said in the first part of this theory, it explains the usage of the technol-
ogy by the librarians and what are their intake and attitude about it. As support,
also to the first two studies, it connects the technology use to librarians and li-
brary users.
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
Venkatesh et al. (2003) unified eight theories of adoption into the UTAUT
model. Their testing revealed which constructs of the theories listed in the pre-
vious section play a significant role in the individual acceptance of a technol-
ogy. This allowed them to develop a theory that offers a comprehensive ex-
planation of individual acceptance of technology. Venkatesh et al. (2003)
identified the four core constructs of performance expectancy, effort ex-
pectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Performance expectancy
describes how well individuals believe that a given technology will fit their spe-
cific job requirements. Effort expectancy describes how individuals perceive
the ease of use of technology. Social influence describes how individuals per-
ceive that people are important to them to support or use technology. Facilitat-
ing conditions determine individual perception of support for a given technol-
ogy.
Same goes with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this theory is
the general idea of an individual having to accept the usage of technology for a
specific content, which in the case of this study, the new librarian roles oc-
curred during the 21st century. In addition, it was also stated that the outcome
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of the individual users for technology would be at ease and could adapt natu-
rally.
4.4. Literature Survey
This chapter deals with the study’s review of related literature and stud-
ies. This part enlightened the readers about the relevance of the present study
to the existing body of knowledge on virtual librarianship and the new role of
librarian and other variables involved in the study.
It is ironic that all technologies are under way, but not yet coordinated
and targeted at the task of creating a virtual librarian. Reference librarians,
cybrarians or information brokers will be augmented by virtual librarians in the
virtual world. The virtual librarian will become the guardian of virtual informa-
tion and will be the vehicle to preserve democratic access to information. Ac-
cording to Sreenivasulu (2020), The virtual librarian's role will be increasingly
towards offering consultancy to the users in their efforts in providing virtual ref-
erence services, electronic information services, navigating, searching and re-
trieval of digitized information through Web documents that span the Universal
Digital Library or the Global Digital Library. The virtual librarian will be an em-
bodiment of a virtual information professional or virtual knowledge worker, who
will ensure that the virtual libraries are used effectively and with ease. Virtual li-
brarians with newly acquired skills can play a meaningful and leading role in
the networked information society of the millennium. Thus, add values and can
make virtual libraries truly useful and user friendly.

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The virtual librarians, who imbued with an ethic of equitable access, will
function as well-trained intermediaries in a heterogeneous information environ-
ment - an environment that if not actively hostile to users is certainly confusing
- and will find and make sense of the vast amounts of virtual knowledge for
their users. The knowledge that "virtual librarians" bring to this knowledge envi-
ronment would make sense of a multiplicity of virtual collections and resources,
provide access to a network of key contacts, identify cost-effective strategies
for information retrieval, and assist users in the publication and creation of new
knowledge.
In the words of Dodd (2017), The role of the librarian is changing at a
rapid rate and there has been a lot written about the blended librarian. Librari-
ans in this era are expected to have proficient IT skills so that it can exploit the
multitude of subject databases and web resources available. New technologies
and services mean that it also need to be adept in the promotion of resources
to our users. In addition to all of this, a major part of librarian’s role is to teach
users how to navigate their way around the new and ever-changing informa-
tion.
Singh (2019) noticed that in the 21 st century the in need of ICT expert li-
brary professionals “Virtual Librarian” is an essential requirement in libraries to
the managing virtual information resources and services. The ICT has enabled
libraries to automated housekeeping operations and make cost effective to effi-

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cient delivery of information services to users on their mobile devices. In the
digital environment, rapid growth of virtual information resources almost modern
libraries collects, store, organize and disseminate the information to users over
the internet. Today, librarians manage the ICT based infrastructures includes
computers, servers, mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, notebooks etc.), net-
works (intranet, Wi-Fi, 3G/4G, the cloud), mobile applications (web apps, QR
codes, mobile OPAC), virtual communication (Blogs, Instant messaging, Twit-
ter, e-mail etc.), resources sharing to provide 24/7 virtual information services to
the users at the global level. Also, librarians play a key role in institutional re-
search data management and provide research support services increasing
the high-quality future research.
Yee (2012), describes that the challenges for libraries are to have a pool
of skilled staff ready to take on emerging new roles and responsibilities in the
virtual environment. So that, for the successful 21st librarianship is expertise
with virtual technologies is essential, followed by new cutting age technologies
to managing the virtual resources and services in the libraries. Basahuwa et al.
(2020), investigated librarians' ICT skills and job performance in public univer-
sities in Nigeria's north-central region. ICT abilities have a substantial impact
on librarians' job effectiveness, according to the findings. The findings also re-
vealed that basic ICT abilities had no bearing on librarians' job performance.
The level of professional ICT was very high. The study concluded that librari-
ans' job performance was influenced by their ICT skills. The study advised that
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stakeholders and professional organizations such as the Nigerian Library As-
sociation (NLA) and the Librarian Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) boost
plans for developing librarians' ICT abilities through training and retraining. As
determined by Okeji et al. (2020) conducted a study on the assessment of
21st-century librarians' virtual literacy skills in private university libraries in
Anambra State. The research used a descriptive survey design. The study's
participants were all 23 working librarians from Anambra State's three private
university libraries. Because the population was tiny and controllable, the entire
population was used. The questionnaire was the data gathering instrument uti-
lized in the study. Two professionals independently validated the instrument.
Academic librarians in private universities in Anambra State have virtual liter-
acy skills, the librarians sponsor themselves for virtual literacy training and at-
tend trainings twice a year, and power failure and poor internet are the chal-
lenges that librarians in private universities in Anambra State face. The find-
ings state that academic librarians working in private universities in Anambra
State should strive to acquire all the virtual literacy skills required for perfect
service delivery; the management of private university libraries in Anambra
State should provide financial sponsorship to academic librarians for virtual lit-
eracy skill acquisition and professional development in general and that librari-
ans should also attend training on a variety of topics.
Examined the impact of ICT skills on librarians' job performance in univer-
sity libraries in Nigeria's South-South region. The study used a descriptive sur-
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vey design using a self-created questionnaire as the data gathering tool. The
study provided answers. According to Banks (2023) Every aspect of the world
we live in has been transformed by the Internet, and the open exchange of in -
formation that it facilitates. Providing users with access to new technologies
and digital resources has already become a key aspect of libraries' changing
role. While the local library will certainly look different in this new landscape, if
librarians are willing to re-evaluate their essential role in their communities they
can establish their facilities as hubs for connection, education, and resiliency.
The transition will not be quick or easy, and both librarians and the academic
institutions training them must embrace the change with open arms. We be-
lieve it’s worth the effort. If our libraries can rise to the challenge, we might find
that the future looks even brighter and more exciting than we imagined. Ac-
cording to Somvir Rathee (2010) Twenty-first century libraries heap new tasks
upon a librarian There is a lot of difference in the model for a hybrid librarian
and a stereotypical librarian, except in learning books Modernized working
conditions Le new library buildings, new technologies undoubtedly, influence
the changing image and prestige of a librarian A modern individual wins
against the stereotypical image of a librarian A contemporary librarian be-
comes a guide in the world of knowledge, which demands they know how to
use the new sources of information skillfully. Modern librarians are crucial now
for not only their high level of expertise, but also for being able to associate
with the modern individuals Personality. A 21-century librarian must be mo-

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dem, with acquiring psychological, praxeological, social and professional capa-
bilities. Psychological abilities involve self-awareness, self-evaluation, and self-
Control. A librarian should always be aware of modernization, new resources
and new technological developments, noticing the need for their own develop-
ment, not only when encouraged by their superiors, but also result ting from
their own motivation to learn The need for development must stem from the
natural predispositions in the librarian because such skills are not provided by
the education A librarian must be aware of his or her role and aware of the
need to constantly develop and improve. Praxeological abilities involve dili-
gence, adaptation and motivation A librarian's diligence is beyond question, as
meticulousness is a required characteristic and associated with the librarian's
profession by society. In the twenty-first century, gradually necessitated a
change in traditional work methods due to the technological developments To -
day, continuous professional development is very necessary in the form of
courses, training, conferences and meetings, and the use of new educational
methods such as e-learning or internet discussion forums The twenty first cen-
tury society is a learning society, therefore by virtue of their mission, librarians
should serve as an example for other professional groups. "Learning pro-
cesses are not only in favor of other co-employees, but they also have an im-
pact on effectiveness and quality of the library information services" and a li-
brarian must be aware of this. A modem librarian is open to innovations and
changes He or She has an eager and interested attitude towards new solutions
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because of the fast- paced constantly evolving nature of changes in libraries A
modem librarian, can develop modern characteristics throughout one's profes-
sional career even after many years of work, one does not need to be young to
be modern. The shift in the image should be first reflected in us, following the
proverb "fine feathers make fine birds," and it involves the ability to evoke in-
tended emotions in others. The librarians' ethic of collaborating on improving
their image as well as sharing experiences and mutual support helps society to
perceive librarians as a strong, determined group of professionals, aware of
their socially useful role. By utilizing social competences such as empathy, per-
suasion, leadership, and cooperation a librarian can provide better service to
the society. The librarian's personality instantly creates a link between the me-
dia and information for the users. The task of librarians consists in recognizing,
satisfying, and developing information educational, scientific, cultural needs
and the needs for entertainment. A librarian must be aware of technological
developments and be proficient in new technologies. Librarians play a role of
psychologists, because they are challenged to distinguish the users' needs ap-
propriately and help the user specify them. Libraries are regarded as service
providers, while the information becomes merchandise and a user the cus-
tomer. To many people, the library is often thought of as a place only visited
out of necessity, to find a necessary item or get information The need for con -
stant knowledge acquisition will result in more frequent users' visits, so it ap-
pears crucial to make this place a pleasant experience for the User-customer.
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Modem librarians ought to change themselves with changing image of modern
libraries Working with pleasure, and not with a sense of obligation, enables
one to derive satisfaction from it, and only an employee genuinely involved in
performing his or her own duties is able to approach each specific customer-
user professionally. Discussing professional qualifications last might not seem
to make sense; however, the essential issue appears to be the personality of a
contemporary librarian his way of approaching his duties and new challenges,
while education becomes only a help in professional life to acquire knowledge.
A modem librarian should also be qualified in terms of sources of information
and using them, not to mention keeping up with constantly changing informa-
tion resources. For a successful librarian proficiency in searching information
and knowledge, allowing its selection, and minimizing information noise are the
basic requirements. A librarian should also be equipped with general knowl-
edge, to enable him to be conversant in a multitude of subjects. The current
model of the librarian’s university training is directed towards improvement in
the scope of scientific information Other extremely important issues are self-
improvement and training, Librarians should serve as an example to the user
living in the learning society. and it is the conception of lifelong learning that
should be perfectly reflected in the person of the librarian The two professions
of computer scientist and economist should be combined by a Contemporary
librarian, because proficiency in the use of electronic tools, and a marketing
approach to library and the marketing of its services is the only alternative in
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the case of hybrid libraries.
4.5. Significance of the Research
The researcher of the study conducted this study to know the effective-
ness of the role of librarians in the 21st century.
This research intends to benefit the following:
● For the Librarian
This research will help them to know the effectiveness of their role in pro-
viding library resources in flexible learning sessions to the students who asked
for their assistance. It will also encourage them to give importance to this
course because librarians are partners of educators in honing intelligent and
responsible citizens.
● For the Student
This research will help them identify different kinds of roles of the librarian in
providing library resources during this time of flexible learning.
● For the future researchers
The outcome of this study will help them to know the role of librarians in
providing library resources and their effectiveness to the student. This re-
search will also paint a picture of the significance of the librarians in online
transactions during the making of their own researches.
4.6. Statement of Desired Outcomes
The researcher aims to help librarians work and engage not only via tra-
ditional face to face but also on virtual librarianship. In research and publica-
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tion, factors contribute toward their research success, such as institutional sup-
port, mentorship, self-motivation, and even help from family members with edit-
ing and proofreading through online. Because the pandemic and 21st century
made mostly every transaction and service go online, librarianship must also
be accessible anywhere, anytime all around the globe. Specifically, this re-
search study intends to achieve the following:
a. Identify the 21st century skills of librarian roles in virtual and
traditional librarianship.
b. Determine the new set of skills influence the working setting
and library roles.
c. Also, this study desires to spread the knowledge of knowing
the effect of Virtual Librarianship and its new roles to the Li-
brarians to be attained in the end of the research.
4.7. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results
The following are the target beneficiaries of this research paper.
LIS students. Library and Information Science students benefited from this
research paper, especially those who conducted the same study. This served as a
congregated source concerning virtual librarianship in Lucena City. This also
introduced theories that were concerned with the subject area.
Librarians. Thirty librarians benefited from this study. Nonetheless, this
research paper was a good source to widen their knowledge regarding librarianship.
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This paper also presented facts about virtual librarianship in the Philippines,
specifically in the study locale.
Future Researchers. The future researcher who will have the same study
may benefit from this research paper as this can serve as an additional source for
them.
4.8. Definition of Terms
To guide and explain to the readers the concepts contained in the study,
the following terminologies were operationally defined:
21st Century. This era started in January 2000 and will last to December
31, 2100. It is defined as the era we are in now, a time of freedom and techno -
logical advancement.
Virtual. These are electronic tools, systems, devices, and resources that
generate, store or process data. It is also anything with binary code that uses
the fingers to control.
Librarian. A person, typically with a degree in library science, who ad-
ministers or assists in a library.
Library. A building or room containing collections of books, periodicals,
and sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer
to, usually for their research purposes.
Roles. The function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a par-
ticular situation or case.
Technology. Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which

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are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. For
this research, the technology serves as the tool in progression for the virtual li-
brarianship.
Virtual Librarianship. Any traditional library activity that is now practiced
in the virtual space known as the World Wide Web.
4.9. Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused on the “Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian
in the 21st Century”. Due to the small number of Librarians in the city, the re-
searcher only selected respondents from the list of librarians in Lucena City.
The survey questionnaire was administered online using Google Form.
In addition, there are multiple pathways to librarianship, and different
schools implementing virtual vs traditional librarianship. As for virtual librarian-
ship is limited to as a person representing any type of library, public, academic,
etc., accredited, or non- accredited, and serving as a steward to the resources
and social networks of a virtual world, usually via some sort of formal structure
such as a virtual reference desk or online gallery.
This study also depended on the gathered information from related
literature and theories, as well as from the data gathering that was conducted.
It also contained facts from books, newspapers, and scholarly journals that
explore and provided insights regarding virtual librarianship.
5. Description of Method or Approach
5.1. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures

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In this study, the researcher used descriptive method of research. This
method is the most appropriate for the study because it involved data gather-
ing, tabulation, interpretation, and analysis. The respondents and others on
various social networking sites were likewise mentioned to post the link from
their profile. Descriptive research, also called statistical research, describes
data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon studied. De-
scriptive research answers the question of who, what, when where and how.
The description of the data in this type of investigation is factual, precise, and
systematic. The description often uses averages and other statistical calcula-
tions.
The researcher formulated a questionnaire as a tool to gather information
about the study. The questionnaire will be divided into three parts. The first
part is to identify the demographic profile of the respondents based on their
age, sex, and years of librarian experience. The second part is to identify the
influence of the 21st century on librarianship in terms of working settings and li-
brary roles. The third part is to identify the influence of the 21st century on li-
brarianship.
Upon the approval of the questionnaire by the respective thesis adviser,
the researchers will distribute the questionnaires online via softcopies due to
the pandemic or face-to-face transactions if it follows health protocols, to the
selected respondents from the librarians of Lucena City in Quezon Province.
The participants were first-handedly approached by the researchers (via online

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platform) to ask for the willingness to participate in the study with a brief over-
view of its details. After the approval and consent to gather and use informa-
tion for the sole purpose of the study, the questionnaires will be given, re-
trieved afterwards, and tallied.
5.2. Respondents/Units of Analysis/Subjects of the Study
The respondents of the study are limited to librarians in Lucena City. The
respondents are chosen via total population sampling which is a type of purpo-
sive sampling technique that involves examining the entire population.
Librarians were chosen to be the respondents of this occurring study for
the reason that are fit for and has the knowledge of the variables involved in
this research. The respondents were chosen to determine the variables of the
study of virtual librarianship in the 21 st century. Thus, they are the primary
source of information.
5.3. Sampling Design and Procedures
The researcher used the total population sampling as a mode of selecting
the population for the selection of respondents for the study. The researcher
chose the total population for the reason the population size is relatively small.
It is a type of purposive sampling technique that involves examining the en-
tire population (i.e., the total population) that have a particular set of charac-
teristics (e.g., specific attributes/traits, experience, knowledge, skills, exposure
to an event, etc.).
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Whilst total population sampling is infrequently used, there are specific
types of research where total population sampling can be very useful. In
the case of total population sampling, the units of interest tend to have some
characteristics that are not very common. It is important to note that only some
characteristics are not very common, but since it is these characteristics that
we are interested in, they influence our choice of total population sampling.
5.4. Research Locale/Study Site
The study was conducted in Lucena City, Quezon Province with the guid-
ance of a university librarian who is known by the researcher.
The chosen librarians were noted to have experienced traditional librari-
anship and were present in the introduction of 21 st century methods.
The research was conducted via an online survey questionnaire dissemi-
nated to librarians in different libraries in the City of Lucena.
5.5. Assumptions or Hypotheses
𝐻𝑜: Virtual Librarianship during the 21st century has a significant influence
on the roles of librarians.
𝐻𝐴: Virtual Librarianship during the 21st century does not have a signifi-
cant influence on the roles of librarians.
5.6. Data Analysis Plan
After the questionnaire disseminated via online platforms yielded informa-
tion, the researcher prepared the data for basic data analysis. The researcher
did the data editing like basic data checks and edited the raw research data to
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identify and clear out any data points that may hamper the accuracy of the re -
sults. Next is data coding, the researcher used statistical methods like getting
the mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency, and range to find out the
results of the variables. During analysis, the researcher could simplify the age
brackets rather than a massive number of individual ages.
For the most part of the questionnaire, the researcher used a 4-Point Lik-
ert Scale, where respondents were asked to rate each statement from (4)
Strongly Agree to (1) Strongly Disagree, therefore the data gathered was ana-
lyzed and interpreted using Weighted Average Mean. In analyzing the data
that was gathered, the researcher used the following formulas:
Table 1
Research Formulas
Research Question Formula Legend
1. What is the demographic n Where:

P= x 100
profile of the respondents in N
P = Percentage
terms of:
n = Number of Respondents
a. age;
N = Total Number of Respon-
b. sex; and
dents
c. year/s of library experience?
2. What is the perception of li- Where:

brarians with regards to 21st
WM = Weighted Mean
century skills that should be
f = Frequency
possessed by a librarian?
WM = 4𝑓+3𝑓+2𝑓+1𝑓 n = Total Number of Respon-
________________
3. What are specific librarian’s
n dents
roles which emerged due to
the influence of 21st century to

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librarianship in terms of:
a. Work settings;
b. Library roles?
Table 2
Interpretation of Rates and Weighted Mean
Interval Point Verbal Interpretation
Scale
3.26 – 4.00 4 Strongly Agree
2.56 – 3.25 3 Agree
1.36 – 2.50 2 Disagree
1.00 – 1.75 1 Strongly Disagree
Using the verbal interpretation in the above table, the research comes up with
the results of the respondents’ responses.
5.7. Research Paradigm/Conceptual Framework

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Figure I. Conceptual Paradigm showing the Virtual Librarianship: A New
Role of Librarian in the 21st Century.
The assessment is used as the primary instrument to obtain the quantita-
tive method. The questionnaire is divided into 3 parts and have sought to an-
swer the following: (1) Profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, and
Year/s of library experience; (2) Role of the librarian with the influence of the
21st century to librarianship in terms of: Working settings, and Library services.
(3) The last part is about the role of the librarian with the influence of the 21st
century to librarianship. The result of this research study is to determine Virtual
Librarianship as a new role of Librarian in the 21 st century.
6. Results and Discussion
Based on the information gathered the following findings were derived.
Part I. Demographic Profile
Table 3
Demographic Profile of the Respondents

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Respondents
Profile Details
Frequency Percentage
22 - 25 years old 12 40.00%
26 - 34 years old 9 30.00%
Age 35 - 42 years old 7 23.33%
43 and above 2 6.67%
TOTAL 30 100%
Male 6 20.00%
Sex Female 24 80.00%
TOTAL 30 100%
Less than a year 4 13.33%

Year/s of 2 - 6 years 12 40.00%
Librarian 7 - 11 years 7 23.33%
Experience 12 years and above 7 23.33%
TOTAL 30 100%
Table 3 shows the demographic profile of the selected librarians in Lucena
City. As can be seen out of the 30 respondents, 40% were at the age of 22-25 years
old with a frequency number of 12. It was followed by 30% at age 26-34 years old
with the frequency of 9. Then, 23.33% at ages 35-42 years old which has a frequency
of 7. Lastly, 6.67% were at the age of 43 and above with a frequency of 2.
In terms of sex, the table showed that out of 30 respondents, 20% were male
with a frequency of 6 and 80% were female with a frequency of 24. The data
revealed that most of the respondents were female.
In terms of years of librarian experience, the table showed the percentage
distribution out of the 30 respondents, 13.33% has less than a year of librarian
experience with a frequency of 4. 40% were in the 2-6 years which comprised 12 of
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the total respondents. Lastly, both 7-11 years and 12 years and above attained
23.33% which comprised 7 of the total respondents.
In the study of Patricia Mars (2018), it was found that librarianship is a female-
dominated profession. Women influence the direction of the future libraries, however,
in many cases, women were not frequently given leadership roles or not empowered
within the system. Blackburn (2020) agreed that librarianship is considered "women's
work" in society, and everyone involved with it must be female or feminine.
In addition, Chu (2020) stated that librarians should be technically advanced,
receptive to change, and active change agents; highly motivated and productive;
optimistic (i.e., not yet "burned out" or "cynical"); energetic and enthusiastic with
"fresh" ideas; willing to work longer hours; physically healthy; and in general, more "in
touch" with students.
Part II. The 21st century skills a Librarian Should Possess
Table 4
The 21st Century Skills that a Librarian should possess in the Premises of the Library
Statement Weighted Mean Rank Verbal Interpretation

Librarians have a 3.833 1 Strongly Agree
strong role in local
communities.
Librarians are flexible 3.833 1 Strongly Agree
when it comes to using
the internet.
Librarians can easily 3.833 1 Strongly Agree
expand access through
information sharing.
Librarians has better 3.800. 4.5 Strongly Agree
management purposes
in terms of acquisition
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and ordering work,

cataloguing, circulation
control, serial control
and keeping of records,
and statistics.
Librarians observes 3.800 4.5 Strongly Agree

that printed books still
dominate reading,
despite growth of e-
books
Librarians easily have 3.767 6 Strongly Agree
organization of
information and
contents of the library
Librarians are 3.700 7 Strongly Agree
becoming technology
hubs
Librarians become 3.733 8 Strongly Agree
computer literate.
Librarians have better 3.667 9.5 Strongly Agree
working experience
with selection of e-
resources.
Librarians are being 3.667 9.5 Strongly Agree
shaped by budget cuts
GENERAL WEIGHTED 3.763 Strongly Agree
MEAN
Table 4 showed skills that a librarian should possess in the premises of the li-
brary. With the general weighted average of 3.763, the respondents strongly agreed
with the situations given by the researcher. It was ranked accordingly, one (1) as the
highest and ten (10) as the lowest: The 3 statements, “Librarians are flexible when it
comes to using the internet,” “Librarians can easily expand access through informa-
tion sharing,” and “Librarians have a strong role in local communities” were ranked
first, with the weighted mean of 3.833 and verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”.
Furthermore, the three bottom statements were: Librarians become computer literate,
with a WM of 3.733 was 8th, while “Librarians have better working experience with se-
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lection of e-resources” and “Librarians are being shaped by budget cuts” were rank
9.5 with a WM of 3.667. All three statements were verbally interpreted as “Strongly
Agree.”
According to these data, the following are the skills which librarian should pos-
sess in the library premises: Community builder – since they have the role of keeping
the knowledge in the community, they should be capable of helping for the better-
ment of it; another skill, based on the top 2 statement is that they should be “flexible”
a skill that is probably the main staple for every job today; they should also be able to
manage and be literate in computers since virtual libraries are what they manage and
almost everything has become online nowadays.
Skills for 21st-Century Librarians builds on ALA’s National Impact of Library
Public Programs Assessment (NILPPA), a research project to understand and
document the characteristics, audiences, outcomes, and value of library public
programming in the U.S. Through their programming, libraries identify, address, and
reflect community needs; enhance their institutional capacity and services; and
contribute to our democratic society. Libraries are increasingly seen as players in not
just access to learning materials but homes for community-building efforts as well.
The role of the library is changing and growing, and programming librarians are on
the front lines of that change. However, as the 2019 NILPPA Phase 1 white
paper explained, library workers are not being adequately trained for the task.
Master’s-level library science programs rarely train the next generation of library
professionals for the dynamic and vital work of creating and leading programs. Many
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library workers receive no formal program training at all; until now, informal and peer
learning has been filling the gap ("Skills for 21st-Century Librarians " 2021).
Part III. Specific Librarian Roles Influenced by the 21st Century -
Table 5
In terms of: Work Settings

Our library creates 3.800 1 Strongly Agree
Facebook page and
email for easy
convenience of their
query.
I feel happy when 3.767 2 Strongly Agree
answering online
queries.
I know how to operate 3.733 3 Strongly Agree
virtual assistance.
I can navigate the 3.667 4.5 Strongly Agree
website or the online
library alone.
I can adapt to my new 3.667 4.5 Strongly Agree
working environment
really well.
I can answer the query 3.633 5 Strongly Agree
of the students/clients
even at home.
Our library uses a lot of 3.633 5 Strongly Agree
technology to make our
work at ease.
Our library selects 3.633 5 Strongly Agree
appropriate electronic
resources.
I become more 3.600 6 Strongly Agree
technical in conducting
query of the clients
Our library uses online 3.467 7 Strongly Agree
catalogue.
MEAN
Table 5 presented the specific librarian roles with the influence of the 21 st
century to librarianship in terms of: Work Settings. With the general weighted average
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of 3.660, the respondents strongly agreed with the situations given by the researcher.
It was ranked accordingly, one (1) as the highest and ten (10) as the lowest: the first
three statements were: “Our library creates Facebook page and email for easy
convenience of their query” was rank 1 with a WM of 3.800 verbally interpreted as
“Strongly agree”; ranked second is the statement “I feel happy when answering
online queries” with a WM of 3.767 and an interpretation of “Strongly Agree”; the
statement “I know how to operate virtual assistance” is third with a WM of 3.733 and
verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. On the contrary, the following were ranked
lowest in the list: “I can answer the query of the students/clients even at home,” “Our
library uses a lot of technology to make our work at ease,” and “Our library selects
appropriate electronic resources” were all ranked fifth with a WM of 3.633.
Furthermore, “I become more technical in conducting query of the clients” is sixth
with a WM of 3.600. The statement “Our library uses online catalogue” is ranked last
with a WM of 3.467. All items in the bottom were verbally interpreted as “Strongly
Agree”.
Out of these data, the following roles in the work setting could be derived: creator of
virtual library content, technical support / guide – these results demand that librarians
be technologically savvy or at least computer literate in order to effectively cater the
needs of the library users.
NAPLE (2020), supported the gained result. It pointed out that, most library
staff worked from home, but those who were required to report to work were required
to work under strict physical distancing and were provided with anti-bacteria gel.
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Libraries in the NAPLE countries offered drive-through library services, as well as
take-out and home delivery. They also refused to accept books that had been
borrowed and only accepted them after disinfecting them. Librarians emphasized e-
services and social media platforms by disseminating all pertinent information
through these channels.
Salazar (2020) believed that "Libraries continue to play essential roles in our
communities even as we close our buildings and work remotely to best ensure health
and safety". During the COVID-19 pandemic, all libraries expanded virtual and phone
services, continuing a trend of library activities beyond physical walls. According to
the study, most libraries have restricted access to their facilities while they establish
health and safety protocols for staff, social distancing requirements for patrons, and
sanitization procedures.
Part III. Specific Librarian Roles Influenced by the 21st Century -
Table 6
In terms of: Librarian Roles

Librarian has a critical 3.867 1 Strongly Agree
role in the virtual library
as educator or end-
user guide so that
users can access
information more
efficiently and
effectively.
Librarian manages the 3.800 2 Strongly Agree
information resources,
the infrastructure, the
staff to meet the
information needs of
the users.
Librarians know how to 3.733 3 Strongly Agree
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analyze, describe, and

organize, the virtual
resources such as e-
books, scanned images
etc. for efficient
retrieval by the users.
Librarians create and 3.600 4 Strongly Agree
manage websites and
intranets for the library.
Librarian has ICT 3.533 5 Strongly Agree
knowledge in this
revolutionized virtual
environment with
emerging trend in
information and
communication
technology and new
provision of information
services.
MEAN
Table 6 determined specific librarian roles with the influence of the 21 st century
to librarianship in terms of: Librarian Roles. With the general weighted average of
3.706, the respondents strongly agreed with the situations given by the researcher. It
was ranked accordingly, one (1) as the highest and ten (10) as the lowest: “Librarian
has a critical role in the virtual library as educator or end-user guide so that users can
access information more efficiently and effectively” was rank 1 with a WM of 3.867;
“Librarian manages the information resources, the infrastructure, and staff to meet
the information needs of the users” was rank 2 with a WM of 3.800; “Librarians
knows how to analyze, describe, and organize the virtual resources such as e-
books, scanned images etc. for efficient retrieval by the users” was rank 3 with a WM
of 3.733; “Librarians create and manage web sites and intranets for the library” was
rank 4 with a WM of 3.600; lastly, “Librarian have ICT knowledge in this

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revolutionized virtual environment with emerging trend in information and
communication technology and new provision of information services” was rank 5
with a WM of 3.533.
From these, it can be concluded that a librarian in the 21 st Century is guide and
educator when it comes to the virtual library. They are also managers and organizers
of the vast body of resources present in the library. These roles make the capability
of the librarian to use computers very essential in order to effectively manage and
help people using the virtual library.
Rathee, Somvir. (2010). Role of Librarian in 21st Century. All modern libraries
are facing new challenges due to the immense amount of available information in
form of electronic tools. The traditional libraries should be transformed into hybrid
libraries focused on providing information collected in the form of books and
electronic sources to survive and meet the need of end users. With the development
of the modern information technology the traditional libraries have not been fit on the
requirement of the information time and knowledge economic development, so these
face the basic changes and innovation. In this paper authors emphasize the role of
librarians in libraries which have collections in form of e-books, digital documents and
various databases and common access to the Internet. Modern libraries are creating
the society of knowledge and in these modern libraries a librarian works as
information officer who is a guide to help search the relevant information in numerous
sources of information. The librarians are constantly open to any changes in their
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field and eager to improve their skills and knowledge. The importance of personality
traits of a modern librarian is particularly emphasized.
7. Conclusions
The findings of the study generally showed that librarianship in the 21 st Century
has become increasingly digital. Therefore, based on the findings, the conclusions
are as follows:
 The greatest number of respondents came from the ages 22-25 years old.
Most of the respondents are female. Most of the respondent library experience
are 2- 6 years.
 Most of the librarians are flexible and know how to use the internet, most can
easily expand access through information sharing, and many have a strong
role in local communities. Therefore, these librarians in the digital landscape
should have flexibility, be computer-literate, and are community builders.
 In terms of work settings and roles, it is found out that librarians’ work mostly
involves tasks that are online/digital, meaning they must have knowledge in
tech, and is also skilled in management. Also, their role in the library makes
them part of the community-building and educators of the users.
8. Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following are the researcher’s
recommendations:
For the Librarians:

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 The librarians and library personnel should continuously utilize social media
and the internet to promote their services and the library itself.
 The librarians should collaborate and link with other institutions to increase
their resources by accessing trusted educational websites in order to create
collections that are accurate and correct.
 The librarians and libraries should spearhead and participate in seminars and
programs that will develop digital skills to keep up with the increasingly
digitized world.
For the institutions:
 The institution should be updated with new tech to upgrade and make the
library better suited and adapted to the digitized world.
 Institutions should sponsor staff development and training programs to hone
librarian skills further.

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Lincoln. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6547/?
utm_source=digitalcommons.unl.edu%2Flibphilprac
%2F6547&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
10. Major Final Output
Librarians of Yesterday to Librarians of Now:
A Staff Development and Training Program
Rationale:
This program aims to develop both existing and unobtained skills of librarians,
especially skills that are digital based which are relevant today. This event would
include talks and workshops led by experts in librarianship and ICT.
General Objectives:
 To help both technology literate and struggling librarians to better utilize
available tech to make the library and the experience better.

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 To teach technologically relevant skills and tricks that will give the librarians
enough capability for work and professional growth.
 To teach librarians how to utilize digital strategies that will help them increase
library engagement online.
Activity Specific Time Frame Persons

Objectives Involved
Basic and To help both May 20 - 21, BLIS Students
technology literate 2023 And Librarians
Advanced in Lucena City
and struggling
Computer librarians to better
Training utilize available tech
to make the library

Workshop
and the experience
better.
Technological To teach May 22, 2023 BLIS Students

technologically And Librarians
Skills and in Lucena City
relevant skills and
Tips for tricks that will give
Growth the librarians

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Seminar enough capability
for work and
professional growth.
Digital To teach librarians May 23, 2023 BLIS Students

how to utilize digital And Librarians
Strategies –
in Lucena City
strategies that will
What Works,
help them increase
What Doesn’t: library engagement
A Seminar online.
Appendices
A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher

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B. Research Instruments
Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in the 21st Century

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Greetings of Peace!
I am Manlapaz, Christopher Yen, a fourth-year student taking up a Bachelor of Library
and Information Science at Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation. I am currently
conducting research entitled “Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in the 21st
Century.”
Given this, may I request as part of your time to answer the proposed study? Your
participation is highly appreciated in the accomplishment of this undertaking. Rest assured
that your data will only be used for this research project and will be dealt with confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Table of Research Instrument
Objectives Research Part/s RI
Instruments
Survey Part 1 - 1-3Qs

1. To identify the Profile of the Respondents
2. To determine the 21st century skills that a librarian Survey Part 2 – 27
should possess in the premises of the library Qs
3. To determine the specific librarian roles with the in- Survey Part 3 – 22
fluence of the 21st century to librarianship in terms of: Qs
a) Working Settings b) Library Roles
Your answers on the following questions will be use on the research
purpose only and will be kept strictly confidential.
Part I.
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This part incorporates the demographic profile of the selected librarians
of Lucena City.
Age : 22-25 years old 26- 34 years old 35- 42 years old
43 and above
Sex: Female Male
Year/s of Librarian Experience: less than a year
2-6 years
7- 11 years
12 years and above
Part II.
The following statements correspond to determine the 21st Century Skills that
a librarian should possess in the premises of the library. Here are the
corresponding answers: (Put a check on the box if the statement is applicable
to you)
4=Strongly Agree 2=Disagree
3=Agree 1=Strongly Disagree
4 3 2 1
STATEMENT Strongly Strongly

Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
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1. Librarians are flexible when
it comes to using the in- 25 5
ternet.
2. Librarians easily have or-
ganization of information
23 7
and contents of the li-
brary.
3. Librarians have better
working experience
20 10
with selection of e-re-
sources.
4. Librarians become com-

22 7
puter literate.
5. Librarians has better man-
agement purposes in
terms of acquisition and
ordering work, catalogu- 24 6
ing, circulation control, se-
rial control and keeping of
records, and statistics.

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6. Librarians can easily
expand access
through information
25 5
sharing.
7. Librarians are becoming
technology hubs.
22 7 1
8. Librarians are being shaped
by budget cuts.
20 8 2
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9. Librarians have a strong
role in local communi-
ties
25 5
10. Librarians observes that
printed books still domi-
nate reading, despite

24 6
growth of e-books.
Part III.
The following statements correspond to determine specific librarian roles with
the influence of the 21st century to librarianship in terms of: Here are the
corresponding answers: (Put a check on the box if the statement is applicable
to you)
4=Strongly Agree 2=Disagree

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3=Agree 1=Strongly Disagree
Work settings
4 3 2 1

Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
1. I can navigate the website or
20 8 2
the online library service alone.
2. I know how to operate virtual
22 6 2
virtual assistance.
3. I feel happy when answering
23 7
online queries.
4. I can adapt to my new working

20 10
environment very well.
5. I can answer the query of the
students/clients even at
home.
19 9 2
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6. I become more technical in
conducting query of the clients.
18 12
7. Our library uses a lot of
technology to make our work at ease.
20 8 2
8. Our library selects appropriate
electronic resources.
20 8 2
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9. Our library uses online catalogue.
19 9 2
10. Our library creates Facebook
page and email for easy conve-
nience
18 7 4 1
of their query.
Librarian Roles
4 3 2 1

Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
1. Librarians create and

18 12
manage web sites
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and intranets for the
library.
2. Librarians knows how to
analyze, describe, and or-
ganize the virtual re-
sources such as e- books, 22 8
scanned images etc. for
efficient retrieval by the
users
3. Librarian manages the in-
formation resources, the
infrastructure, and staff to 24 6
meet the information
needs of the users.
4. Librarian have a critical role
in the virtual library as edu-
cator or end- user guide so

26 4
that users can access in-
formation more efficiently
and effectively.
5. Librarian have ICT knowl-
edge in this revolution-

19 11
ized virtual environment
with emerging trend in in-

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formation and communi-
cation technology and
new provision of informa-
tion services
C. Informed Consent Form
Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in the 21st Cen-
tury
STUDY PROPONENT/PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Christopher Yen Manlapaz
christopheryenmanlapaz@gmail.com
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Declaration
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There are no conflicts of interest to declare concerning this
study.
INTRODUCTION
You are invited to participate in this study because you encompass the
personal qualities that the researcher is seeking. All data that the researcher
will gather from your response will be carefully secured confidentially. This
consent form provides you with information to help you make an informed
choice. Please read this document carefully. If you have any questions, they
should be answered to your satisfaction before you decide whether to partici-
pate in this research study.
STUDY BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
In today's virtual world, we try to know everything by using internet
technologies. Internet access is widely available and reasonably priced every-
where. Most library resources will be moved to an online platform. Digitiza-
tion of library collections, automation in acquisition, circulation, cataloguing,
and referencing technology, as well as open-source software, have the poten-
tial to free up librarians' time and library space for new initiatives. Because
most of these services are available with open-source software, the initial in-
vestment cost is bearable for most existing libraries, and thus migration is oc-
curring at a rapid pace.
With technological advancements and the changing learning environ-
ment, librarians are providing borderless information services. According to
Obadare (n.d), digital information is changing the role of librarians radically: No
longer are they to wait for students to ask for assistance in finding information
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in a place called a library. Their new role makes it imperative for them to pro-
vide services and instructions regardless of location, time or format. Librarians
are now known as information providers or knowledge keepers. Librarians are
trained professionals who acquire, organize, retrieve, preserve printed docu-
ments, disseminate information, and assist users in finding the information
they need. A librarian can also assist users in locating and using the neces-
sary information for personal and professional purposes. Under the influence
of today's electronic information age, where information is treated as an eco-
nomic resource, a marketable commodity, and a social wealth, librarians are to
play an active and important role in the process of information communication
system. Librarians in the digital era are primarily focused on digital library ser-
vices and 24/7 faster delivery of information via mobile technologies-based
tools/apps to meet user expectations on their mobile devices anywhere and
at any time. Digital librarians, system librarians, repository managers,
digital curators, information managers, and knowledge managers are some of
the key evolving specialties in modern librarianship. The digital librarian plays
a new dynamic role in facilitating easy access to ICT infrastructures and ICT
enable services that contain digital information such as abstracts, indexes, full-
text databases, and sound and video recordings in digital formats. Digital li-
brarianship is primarily concerned with the concept of library professionals
who work in a digital library. Digital information management systems have al-
tered the way librarians acquire, process, store, and deliver information to
users in the twenty-first century.
BENEFITS
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This study offered librarians empirical information on coping strategies
amidst the pandemic. While there's something to be said about the allure of
walking into a library, seeing racks upon racks of good reading and smelling
the irresistible scent of a multitude of books, an online library can benefit many
people in ways that a physical library full of hard copy books just can't com-
pare with.
An online library is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. No longer do
you have to head online to check library hours or try to rush that book back
before the due date; with an online library, you get 24/7 access to your favorite
titles, all from the comfort of your own home (or the coffee shop, wherever you
happen to be browsing from)
An online library can be accessed anywhere in the world by anyone with a
computer. Patrons of an online library aren't confined to a set geographical
area, which means that the library can serve countless more people--basi-
cally, anyone who has a computer, Internet access and the correct URL for
the online library can take advantage of its many offerings.
Books in an online library can be checked out by multiple users at the
same time. Say goodbye to wait lists on popular titles; with an online library,
digital copies of today's hottest books can be checked out by numerous peo-
ple at once. No lines, no waiting, just a few clicks and you're reading that book
you've been dying to check out.
ALTERNATIVES TO THIS STUDY
If the research subject chooses not to participate, what alternatives
does she have?

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They can serve as a link for the researcher upon acquiring other sub-
jects mainly from their colleagues, friends, and batch-mates.
ONE’S PARTICIPATION
If you agree to the terms and conditions presented by the researcher, the re-
spondents were asked to answer a questionnaire through electronic means
using Google forms and an interview to be scheduled by the researcher. The
researcher used a survey questionnaire Google form with a three-part struc-
tured type of questionnaire: the first part was the demographic profile of the li-
brarians. The second part was about the coping strategies of libraries amidst
the pandemic in terms of the workplace (onsite and work from home), man-
agement/leadership, library service, and library personnel. The third part was
about the challenges/problems encountered by librarians in coping with the
strategies. After the approval of the ethics committee and the thesis adviser,
the researcher conducted the study immediately. The questionnaires will be
administered to the respondents. All the accomplished questionnaires were
tallied and interpreted. One’s participation can last for a minimum of three (3)
to five (5) minutes and a maximum of five.
(5) to ten (10) minutes solely depending on their internet connectivity’s
strength/data connectivity strength. The participants have their own free will to
choose not to participate or to immediately leave the study.
RISKS
The study has no physical risk that may result in violence and physical
injuries. The researcher will administer in the safest place for both the re-
searcher and the respondents.

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PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
Respondents will be oriented on the objectives of the study. The re-
searcher will ensure the privacy and confidentiality of the respondents by not
providing their names which are not relevant to the study and by letting the re-
spondents sign the informed consent. In case the respondents withdraw their
participation, the researcher will find a replacement who will voluntarily partici-
pate in the study. To sum up, for the inclusion criteria only their responses are
to be included; each of their personal information is excluded from the study.
GROUP CONFIDENTIALITY
The focus is a group session. To respect the privacy of all participants
in this study, a participant must agree to maintain the confidentiality of the in-
formation discussed by all participants during the focus group session.
OPEN DATA
I understand that the information I’ll provide in this study will be used
for research purposes. It will not be used in any manner which would allow
identification of my responses. Anonymized research data will be archived at
MSEUF Library to make them available to another researcher in line with cur-
rent data-sharing practices.
CONTACT INFO
If you have further questions or concerns about your participation in
this study, or if you suffer any injury related to the study, please contact:
Revision No.: 1
Reviewed by: QMR
Christopher Yen Manlapaz 09702426266
D. Transmittal Letters
E. Rating Sheets
F. Certificate of Originality

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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in 21st Century

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the Degree Bachelor of Library and Information Science

Christopher Yen Manlapaz

This thesis hereto entitled:

Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in 21st Century

prepared and submitted by Christopher Yen Manlapaz in partial fulfillment of the

AUGUSTA ROSARIO A. VILLAMATER, EdD

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of ____________

Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D Josephine L. Belen

Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D

Divinia J. Glifonea, Ed.D

1. Platform/s Thematic Areas 7

2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7

4.1. Rationale of the Research 9

5. Description of Method or Approach 28

5.1. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering

6. Results and Discussion 35

10. Major Final Output 49

A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher 51

List of Figures and Tables

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 33

2 Interpretation of Rates and Weighted Mean 33

3 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 35

accomplishment of this study.

To the adviser, Augusta Rosario A. Villamater, EdD, who gave continuous

guidance, time, and shared valuable knowledge throughout the study.

betterment of this research.

have been possible.

Virtual Librarianship: A New Role of Librarian in 21st Century

Name of Researcher : Christopher Yen Manlapaz

1. Platform/s Thematic Areas (Based on MSEUF Research Agenda 2019 – 2030)

2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

21st century technological advancement has increased, steadily making

focused on new roles of Librarians in 21st century librarianship.It sought to answer

ation as sampling method, and 30 Librarians from Lucena, Quezon Province as

computer-literacy, and community builders. For roles, they should be man-

agers, educators, and technical supports.

The research then recommends: librarians and institutions must be updated on

technological trends and developments. Collaboration and training to develop skills

for a digitized world should also be done.

Lastly, based on the findings, a staff development and training program

entitled, “Librarians of Yesterday to Librarians of Now: A Staff Development

and Training Program” was created to develop more librarian skills.

Keywords: Librarian, Librarianship, Digital, 21st century, Digital Era, Library

4.1. Rationale of the Research

In today's virtual world, we try to know everything by using internet tech-

nologies, with access widely available and reasonably priced everywhere.

Most library resources were moved to an online platform. Digitization of library

collections, automation in acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, and referencing

technology, as well as open-source software, have the potential to free up li-

With technological advancements and the changing learning environ-

ment, librarians are providing border-less information services. According to

Obadare (n.d), virtual information is changing the role of librarians radically:

than a collection of digitized resources. The virtual library provides access to

an integrated collection of print, electronic and multimedia resources delivered

seamlessly and transparently to users regardless of their physical location or

of location, time, or format. Librarians are known as trained professionals who

acquire, organize, retrieve, preserve printed documents, disseminate informa-