Article 2 – 1987 constitution “Declaration of Principles and State Policies”

Section 16 - The state shall protect and advance the right to people to a balanced and healthful ecology
in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

 Simply means the protection in the environment.

 The right to health is recognized
 the government is expected to undertake programs in ensuring a clean and pollution-free
environment

>> in here the, the government is expected to undertake programs in ensuring a clean and pollution
free environment to protect life and health. So we have actually DENR that carries this policy that is
mandated by the constitution. But of course with regards to the issue of Manila Bay, it stirs a lot of
confusion as well as a lot of issues. Yung MMDA vs. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay. Which is
ang order dito ng korte suprema sa MMDA and other several agencies of the government is CLEAN
UP MANILA BAY pero what they did is tinabunan nila ng Dolomite para mag mukhang malinis which
in fact a bad idea eh saying lang naman yung pera dito, ilinaan nalang sana nia for a more helpful
programs.

Section 17 – The state shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports
to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and
development.

 The human being must be free from : 1. Illiteracy 2. Self-centered desires 3. Colonial Mentality
4. Bad habits 5. Other negativities

>> so generally the author of this constitution strongly believed that the human being must be liberated
from 1234

>> and under this provision the state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to equality or to
quality education at all levels and shall undertake appropriate steps to make such education accessible
to all.

Section 18 – The states affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of
workers and promote their welfare.

 Full protection of local and overseas labor.

>> that is why we have DOLE & OWA as an organization that shall protect the rights of those workers
abroad and workers here in our country.

 Promotion of full employment and equal employment opportunities.

>> so whatever position you have everyone is entitled to equal opportunities as long as they meet
requirements being asked by the company

 Guaranteeing the full employment of the rights of the workers.

>> right to self organization

>> right to collective bargaining

>> right to collective negotiations

Section 19 – the state shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.

 This provision serves as a guide in interpreting the article on National Economy an Patrimony of
the Constitution.

>> so in here independent national economy is an economy which is free from dependence on other
country. So in order to build an independent economy, it is essential to adhere to the principle of self-
reliant economy or the state of not requiring any aid, support, interaction or trade with other country. In
fact, a sufficient economy does not trade with other countries it can produce its own goods and services
using its own natural resources, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and efforts of its own
people.

Section 20 – The state recognized the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages enterprise
and to give incentives to needed investments.

 This section explains itself.

>> the constitution recognizes the importance of private sectors in the development of the country. The
state is commanded to encourage free enterprise and to give incentives to those who want to invest in
the country.

>> the constitution also forbids the economy where the state shall be the competing force with the
private enterprises this is primarily due to the fact that the primary concern of the government is not to
engage in business reaping huge but in managing the affairs of the state.