REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Mosquitoes are important vectors responsible for spreading a number of

diseases affecting both humans and animals. Many diseases as dengue,
chikungunya, yellow fever, malaria, filariasis and Japanese encephalitis are
spread by mosquitoes. There are many reports of plant extracts and their
active constituents showing anti-mosquito activities as larvicidal, pupicidal,
ovicidal and adulticidal activities. Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), known as
avocado, has been reported to show many pharmacological and antimicrobial
activities. In this communication, the mosquito larvicidal activities of the three-
active constituents, avocadene, avocadyne and avocadenol-A, from the
methanolic extract of the unripe fruit peel are presented. 

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35201599/

The use of vegetal extracts requires toxicological and genotoxic evaluations to

establish and verify safety before being added to human cosmetic,
pharmaceutical medicine, or alimentary products. Persea americana seeds
have been used in traditional medicine as treatment for several diseases. In
this work, the ethanolic seed extract of Persea americana was evaluated with
respect to its genotoxic potential through micronucleus assay in rodents. The
frequency of micronuclei in groups of animals treated with avocado seed
extract showed no differences compared to the negative control (vehicle);
therefore, it is considered that the avocado seed extract showed no genotoxic
activity in the micronucleus test.

Reference: https://www.science.gov/topicpages/a/avocado+seed+extracts

the research study of P. americana as a potential vector control measure

against Ae. aegypti that is acceptable to the populace, cost effective and more
importantly, safe for the environment. The use of natural alternatives such as
plant extracts can provide the best option as environmentally safe natural
larvicides. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the toxicity
of the ethanol and hexane extracts of the different parts of P. americana Mill.
against third and fourth instars larvae of Ae. aegypti and to characterize the
ethanol extract by qualitative phytochemical analysis.
-Larvicidal activity of Persea americana Mill. against Aedes aegypti
Rosalinda C. Torres1,2* , Alicia G. Garbo1 , Rikkamae Zinca Marie L.
Walde2
-Article history: Received 23 Jun 2014 Received in revised form 6 Jul 2014
Accepted 19 Jul 2014 Available online 20 Aug 2014
study published in the Journal of Medical Entomology in 2019, found that
avocado extract was more effective at killing Culex quinquefasciatus larvae
than the chemical insecticide temephos.

Reference: https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/57/5/1349/5868617