2 Force Vectors Vector Addition of Forces Using the Parallelogram Law 2-1, Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction measured clockwise from the positive x axis. ae ee row Solution ‘The parallelogram is first drawn to show the vector addition. From this we have the triangle, tip -to- til costruction, Apply the law of cosines to find F 5 FONG fr = 104 aN Fy = 12.5KN Ans. Using this result, apply the law of sines to find 9 = 16.10° 8 = 90° ~ 16.10° 30° = 43.9° Ans.2-2, Determine the magnitude and direction @ of F so that this force has components of 40 N acting from A toward B and 60 N acting from A toward Con the frame. Solution ‘The resultant F is resolved into the 40 N and 60 N component forces formed by extending parallel lines from the tip of F as shown. Noting that the interior angle is 180°-30°- 45° = 105°, apply the law of cosines to determine F. F F=80.3N Ans. Use this result and apply the law of sines to determine 6. 0 = 46.2° Ans.2-3, Determine the design angle 6 (6 < 90°) between the two struts so that the 500-N horizontal force has a component of 600 N directed from A toward C. What is the component of force acting along member AB? Solution First the 500-N force is resolved into its components by drawing lines parallel to AB and AC from the tip of the force as shown, Using the wiangle, apply the law of cosines to determine F,». Fa Rig =214.9N =215N Ans. Use this result and apply the law of sines to determine 8. @=52.7° Ans. 102-4, Determine the magnitudes of F, and F, so that the resultant force has a magnitude of 20 N and is directed along the positive x axis. poy, % B Solution ‘The 20-N resultant force is resolved into components F, and F, by drawing lines parrallel to F, and F, from the tp of the resultant as shown . Using the triangle, apply the law of sines to obtain F, and F. F=140N Ans. R=835N Ans. u2-5, The plate is subjected to the two member forces at A and B. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force. Solution ‘The resultant is formed by extending parallel lines from the tip of the 500 N and 400 N forces as shown, Using the triangle, apply the law of cosines to determine Fe. Re Fy =252.2N=252N Ans. Using this result, apply the law of sines to determine 6. = 82.5° Ans. 122-6. Determine the required angle 6 for connecting member A to the plate if the resultant of the two forces is to be directed vertically upward. Also, what is the magnitude of the resultant? Solution The resultant is resolved into components along A and B by extending lines parallel to A and B from the tip of Fy, as shown, Using the tangle, determine the required angle 8. 8 = 36.9" Ans. Write an equation to determine the resultant force. Fy =300N Ans. 13Addition of Rectangular Force Components: 2-7. Determine the x and y components of the 2-kN force Solution Resolve the force into its rectangular components. Here 1.00 KN = 1.00 kN Ans. B= =-1L73KN = 1.73 KN 4 ‘Ans. 42-8, Resolve the 700-N force into its x and y components and determine these components. son oo Solution ‘The components are R=______=350N Be = -606 N = 606 N 15 Ans. Ans,2-9, Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force by adding the rectangular components of the three forces. a s Ry, =9.32N > Fy, =28.03NT Fa = ¥(9-732)? + (28.03)? = 29.7 N Ans. -1 _ 28.03 o= ——— tant? = 5755 = 70.9°2 Ans. 162-10, Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force by adding the rectangular components Fy, =-153.4N = 153.4N 6 5, Fy, = 1S0NT Fy = (53.4)? + (150)? = 215 N Ans. 150 = tn 1 = 44.40 “n ysaa Ans. 72-11. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force by adding the rectangular componets, as? Solution LR=EE: OR, Fy, =-22.43N = 22.43N 71.01NT Fy = (22.43)? + (77.07? = 80.3 N tan! 797 _ 95.50 oO" 243) 18 Ans. Ans.2-12, Determine the angles @ and 9 so that the resultant force is directed along the positive x axis and bas a magnitude F = 20N. 3 30N Solution Solving, Ans. 19Force Expressed as a Cartesian Vector 2-13. Express each force in Cartesian vector form. Solution Use the direction cosines to establish the x,y,z, components of F, R= F, = {2.501 +3.54j +2.50k} KN Ans. Re Ans. 202-14, Express each force in Cartesian vector form. Solution Note for F, that a = 180° - 60° = 120°, F, = (-2001 +200} + 283k} N Ans. Note thatthe angles 45° and 30° defining the direction of F, are not coordinate direction angles for F R= F, = (367i + 367j- 300k} N Ans. al2-15, The ball nt is subjected to the three forces shown. Express each force in Cartesian vector form and then determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the resultant force. Solution R= F, = {-2.50j+4.330k} kN R= B, = {1.20} +1.60k} KN Fy = EF = {-1.25k— 1.30} +5.930k} kN Re Fy = 6.198 KN = 6.20KN ‘Ans. Ans. Ans. 7 = c0s"'(——) = 16.9° Ans. 222-16. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of F, so that the resultant of the two forces acts upward along the z axis of the pole and has a magnitude of 275 N. Solution For F, , note that ay, = 180°- 45° = 135°. = {-141.4i + 100.0}+ 100.0k} N F, =, i+h,j+Bk r Fh, = EB, = A, =1414N A, = 283 = A= 2B__= Fy = ¥ (141.4)? + (—100)? + (175)? = 246.2 N = 246 N Ans. 549° Ans. 14° Ans. 447° Ans. 232-17. Force F acts on peg A such that one of its components, lying in the x—y plane, has a magnitude of 50. N as shown. Express F as a Cartesian vector. Solution a " =57.74N =289N E Thus, {43.34 -25.0)+28.9k} N Ans. 242-18. Specify the magnitude and cordinate direction angles a, 8, 7; of F; so that the resultant of the three forces acting on the post is Fy = {350k} N. Note that Flies in the x — y plane. Solution Rit RyitFck mn f 0 {-200i + 346.4j} N =IF 350k = F,,i + F,, j+F.,k— 200} - 200% + 346.4) 200 N 200- 346.4 = -146.4N R, =-350N F, = (2002+ 146.4)? + (~350)? = 428.9 N = 429N Ans. Ans. Ans. ‘Ans. 25Position Vectors 2-19, Express the position vector r in Cartesian vector form; then determine its magnitude and coordinate direction angles. St Ao S Solution ‘The easiest way to establish r is to think of the distance one must travel along the x, y, z axes to go from A to B =12m Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. 262-20. The cord is attached between two walls. If itis 8 m long, determine the distance x to the point of attachment at B. Solution Determine the position vector directed from A to B. Magnitude Bax? + (-1)?+(-2)? x=7.68m Ans. 27Force Vector Directed Along a Line 2-21, Express F as a Cartesian vector; then determine its coordinate direction angles. Solution a= 4a = VCO? +O)? + (BD? = 6m F= Ans. Ans. al Be cos) =70.5° Ans. 1,2, 7 008-"() = 48.2° Ans. 282-22. The antenna tower is supported by three cables. If the forces in these cables are F, = 520 N, Fe = 680N, and Fy = 560.N, determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the resultant force acting at A. Solution = {-200j- 480k} N = {320i + 360j- 480k} N __ = {-240i + 160j-480k} N F, = EF = {801 +320j—1440k} N Fa = BO)? + (320)? + (= 1440)? = 1477.3 N = 1.48 KN, Ans. = 869° Ans. =775° Ans. = cos 29) - 1670 Ans. 14773 292-23. The cable AO exerts a force on the top of the pole of F = {~120i-90j-80k} N. If the cable has a length of 34m, determine the height z of the pole and the location (x, y) of its base. Solution ‘The magnitude of F is 170N ‘Thus Yo = di+( )i+(—)k Eo = 34tty9 = {241 18)- 16k} m x= 24m Ans. Ans. Ans. 30Dot Product 2-24, Determine the angle 8 between the axis of the pole and the wire AB. Solution toe Tho "Taa = = cos" ) = 70.5° Ans. 312 28, Determine the projection of the position vector r along the ab axis. Solution rp=ruy=( Mo HC MEE) Ans. 322-26. Cable BC exerts a force of F = 28 N on the top of the flagpole. Determine the projection of this force along the z axis of the pole. Solution F = 28{(—— i +(—j+( a) F = (12i-8j- 24k} N Fa Ans. 332-27. Two forces act on the hook. Determine the angle 8 between them. Also, what is the projection of F along the y axis? * y= (1204+ 9-0) 8 Solution Express F, as a Cartesian vector. = {300i + 300j + 424.3} N F, = {1201 +90j- 80k} N R=170N F-R= 42 941 N? = cos"'(_—.) = 115° Ans. ‘The projection of F, along the y axis is Ay = Rw fi 90N Ans. 34