Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World In the general sense of the word, patterns are regular, repeated, or recurring forms or designs. We see patterns every day—from the layout of floor tiles, designs of skyscrapers, tothe way we ti ou shoelaces. Studying patterns help students in identifying relations and finding logical connections to form generalizations and make predictions, Let’s take a look at this pattern: 7 What do you think will be the next face in the sequence? It should be easy enough to note that the pattern is made up of two smiling faces—one without teeth and one with teeth. Beginning with ss face, the two faces then alternate. Logically; the face that should follow is eq what comes Next? What is the next figure in the pattern below? | ll . FA Solution Looking at the give figures, the lines seem to rotate at 90-degree intervals in @ counterclockwise direction, always parallel to one side of the square. Hence, either A or B could be the answer. Checking the other patterns, the length of the lines inside the Square follow a decreasing trend, So again, either A or B could be the answer. Finally, looking at the number of the lines inside the box, each succeeding figure has the number Of lines increase by 1. This means that the next figure should have five lines inside. This S to option A as the correct choice.CHECK YOUR PROGRESS What is the next figure in the given, pattern? AO 2 Kk PEXAMPLE | What Number Comes Next? What number comes next in 1, 3,5,7,9,__? * Solution Looking at the given numbers, the sequence is increasing, with each term being two more than the previous term: 3 = 1 + 2;5=3+2;7=5+2;9=7+ 2. Therefore, the next term should be 11 = 9 + 2. ~U CHECK YOUR PROGRESS What number comes next in 1, 4, 9, 16,25, _-_? ad Patterns indicate a sense of structure and organization that it seems only humans are capable of producing these intricate, creative, and amazing formations. It is from this perspective that some people see an “intelligent design” in the way that nature forms.PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD . Let us look at the things that surround us. What numbers do we see? Do the a pattern? If they do, what is the pattern? ey establish 1, The number where your house is situated 46-1. This refers to the block number and the lot number, This indicates that the house number after -| you is 46 — 3, and the house adjacent to you is 46 =e 234. This indicates that your house is marked the 234" and the house next to you is 235",and so on. Ill— A. This house is situated first on the third block. . The final grades 86,75, and 99. These grades represent the outcome shown in your 75 of a student's performance using specific criteria. Grade 12 subjects 99 3. The feast day of Every 3% | This has no specific date since the 3 Sunday of the Infant Jesus Sunday of | January may fall on the 15, 16", or even the 17%, in Shrine Hills in January Davao City _ The patterns that we see are often times the order of things, events, and situations. The chronological data also establish patterns. SITUATIONS NUMBERS PATTERNS 1. The periodic sales Yearly The percentage increase or decrease reports of ABC 2011-14M in the annual sales can be computed as Department Store follows: == M 2011 — The base year 2013- 10M spiD 2014 - 20M (SAE soon = 734% . 2015-25M 14m 2016 -35M 2013 105M soon =-33.39% 15M 2014 10M (Zi joo = 100%< "situations |“ NUMBERS: 2015 25M—20" 0% = 25% “20M 2016 356-25! 00% = 40% 25M Observe that the decline in sales happens in 2013. 4 2. The Human The data is 1990 Base Year Development reported once Index (HDI) of the every three years. 2000 compared to 1990 Philippines from 62-.59 = 1990 to 2015 a ease Year HDI 2010 and 2000 .67—.62 100% = 8.06% 1ss0 (a7) 0.59 2011 and 2010 an (7 poor - 0.00% 0.62 67 2010 re and 2012 O87, (: = poo = 1.49% 67 2011 0.67 2015 and 2014 -60—.68 es 100% = —11.76% 2012 . 0.67 2013 . 0.68 2014 0.68 2015 0.60 Lo : |The Fibonacci Sequenc As we have seen in the previous section, the human mind is hardwired to recognize patterns. In mathematics, we can generate patterns by performing one or several mathematical operations repeatedly. Suppose we choose the number 3 as the first number in our pattern. We then choose to add 5 to our first number, resulting in 8, which is our second number. Repeating this process, we obtain 13, 18, 23, 28, ... as the succeeding numbers that form our pattern. In mathematics, we call these ordered lists of numbers a sequence. . Sequence A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have repeated values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule. Bree Generating a Sequence Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms. a. 1,10, 100, 1000 b. 2,5, 9, 14, 20(THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE) The Fibonacci sequence is an array of numbers that given two terms, the next term i determined by adding the given terms. Mathematically, . Sr = Sia +fo Though a little bit confusing, it simply means that f, can be determined if the Previous two terms, f,, and f,, are added. Ergo, we only need to have two numbers as the first two terms in order to get the third, fourth, fifth terms. Consider the following as examples. EXPLANATION f,=0, 1,1, 2, 3,5, 8, 13,,... O+1=1 14#1=2 14+2=3 2+3=5 3+5=8 5 +8 = 13, and so on.... f,=1,3, 4, 7,11, 18, 29,,... 14+3=4 3+4=7 4+7=11 7+11=18 11 +18 = 29, and so on... f,=2, 2,4, 6,10, 16, 26,... | 2+2=4 2+4=6 4+6=10 6+10=16 10 + 16 = 26, and so on...