Standard Method of Test for Accelerated Detection of Potentially Deleterious Expansion of Mortar Bars Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction 1, SCOPE 1A This test method allows detee= tion within 16 days of the potential [or deleterious expansion of momtar bars de to the alkal-silica resction 1.2 This stenlard may twolve bac ardous materials, operations and equtp- ment. This proposed siaadard does aoe usport to address all of we safety prob lems associated with its we. Ht is the rresponsibiliy ofthe user of thas proposed standerd 10 establish appropriate safery fund health practices and determine she applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use, A specific: precautionary statement is given in Note 3 1,3 The Vales stated i ST units are tw be regarded as standard. The values in ineh-pound unis ae shown in paren= theses, and are for infurnational pur poses only. 2, REFERENCES DOCUMENTS 2A AASHTO Standards M88 Portland Cement M92. Wire-Cloth Siewes for Testing Purposes M201 Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used tn the Testing of Hy- daulic Cements and Coneroree M 210 Apparatus for Use of the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and ‘oncrele Regulatory Informa Wan for Chemicals Used in AASHTO. Tests RIG 78 AASHTO DESIGNATION T 303-96! 1106 Compressive Strength oof Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using S- im or 2-in, Cube Specimens) ‘Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency 22 ASTM Standards £295 Guiee tor Petro grapive Examination (0 Aupueyates fur Con crete Practice for Potro raphe Examination fl Hardened Concrete 1b 1198 Specification For Re- agent Water T1682 886 3. SIGNIFICANCE: AND USE. BA This test method provides 1 means of detecting the poten of an aggregate wed in conczete fo: undergo ing alkali silica veoction and resulting potentially deleterious inereal expan sion. ILis based on the NBRT accelerated test method. [1](23] 3.2 When espansions greater dha 0.10 percent are developed within 16 days fiom casting, itis. -eeommended thar supplementary information be devel oped le confi tat dhe expansion is sotually duc 0 alkali reactivity. Sourcen ‘of mack sapplemeniaey information in luda: (1) peteographic exanination of the aggregate by ASTM C295 19 deter rine if kuova reactive consituents ae resent. ard (2) examinaticn ofthe spe mens after tests by ASTM C 856 10 ientify the prodacts of alkali reactivity 33° When il hus bee concluded from the results of tests performed using this test method and supplementary ine foomation that a given aggregate should be considered potentially deleteriousy active, aaidtional studies, using alter dative dieihods, may be appropriate to develop futher information on the poten tial rouativity 4. APPARATUS 4.1 ‘The: spparatus shall conform to M210, except as follows: 42. Sieve Square bole, wire cloth sieves, shall conform to the requirements of M 92. 43 Mixer, Paddle, and Mixing Howl —Mixer, paddle, and niixing bow! shall conform te the requirements of T 162, except that the elearan the lower end of the paddle and te bottom of the bow! shall be 5. 4 3 wom (020 = O01 in 44° Tamper und Trowel—Tiw tuonper and trowel shall conform to T 106, 45 Containers —The cuntiivers shall permit the test specimens 10 be wally iminersed in either water or 1 normal NaOH solution, The vontainers shall be aiade of material that can withstand pro- longed exposure 10 80°C (176 F) and sll be inex( (Wa 1 nocimal NaOH solu- sion, The containers shall he equipped with Ughtfiting covers, seals, or bol, ‘The containers shall be constructed in a manner that permits test specimens to be supported, without using the gage suds, so that the solution has access to the whole est specimen, and the speci= tmteas do not touch the sides of the con lainer or each other. ce benwean Nate 1—The NaOH soluvon wll corrade has oF meal eoruiners. Pelypropyleve enue loinors are evormmended103 46 Ove—A thermostatically con trolled oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 80.0 = 17° C076 3 F) or a themostatieally comrotted water hah capable of maintaining We stive teimperure range. 447 Moist Room ot Closei—The moist elosst or room shall conform M201. REAGENTS: Sl Sodium Hydioxide (20H) — USP or technical grade may be used, provided the Nu and OH concentra tins are shown by cheniical analysis to fig between 0.99 and 1.01 normal 52. Purity of Waler—Unless omer: ‘wise indicated, water shall be reagent Type TV water conforming to ASTM BD Lga, 53 Sowiinm Lytroxide Solution Fach liter of solution shall eomain 4040 ff NaOH cissolved in 900 ml af water ancl shall he diltned with additional dis- tilled or deionized water to obrain 1.0 L ff solution. The volume proportion of so- dium hydroxide solution to mortar bars ina storage container stall be 4.5 + 1.0 volumes of sointion 10 I volume of mor tar ba. Note 2—The volun of eastie bar may ‘be taken a LBA ra. (11.25 Un) Noe 3—Precuidon—xetoe sing NAOT, reviews (1 the safety jrevastions tor lusin NaOFE (2) Fetal for lass ane 3) the emergency response to spill, us describes 1m Ge manufacurs"s Maver Safey Date Sheet orather relate sofery lieratire NOH ‘ean cuuse Very seve burs and ity Wo ue proteetod skin and eyes, Sua personel pro lective equipment should always be sed ‘These should inelude full-tace shields, rubber aprons, and gloves. impevicus 10 NaOH ‘Gloves shoudl bs checked pertdicaly fev pin holes 6 CONDITIONING 6.1 Maintain the temperature of the ‘molding room ard dry materials at no less than 20° C (68 F) and no more than 275° C (15° FR. Maintain the temperature of the mixing water, and of the moist closet or moist 1uoM, al 23.4) 2 LPC M34 + 30°19, METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING Crate Rewuirements Retained oa Ma Siove Siam Toremnt 2.36 mm Ma 8) 10 EIR mn (No 16) 25, 45 mam (No.4) 236 mm (No. 8) 118 ram (No. 16) 600 um (Na. 20) 25, 00 um {No, 20) 300 jam (No. 50) 2 200 pm (NO, 30) 139 4 (So. 100) 15 62 The relative humidity of she molding mom shall be net less thet) 50 percent. 3° Maintain the storage uven in which the sp Jimens are stored in the containers at a temperture of 80? + LPC a6 © 31, 7. SAMPLING AND PREPARATION OF TE SPECIMENS 7A. Selection of A cess materials proposed for use as fine aggregate in concrete as daseribed in Section 7.2 with a minimum of crushing Process materials proposed for use as coatse aggtegate in concrete ny eruthing ( produce as neatly as practical a ruled produc! fium which 2 sample can be jebtcined. The sample shall have the grad ing as prescribed in Section 7.2 and be represealative of the camposition of the snarse aggregate as proposed for use, TAL When a given quairied mate- rial is proposed for use oth as coarse and as fine aggregate, test the material ‘aly by seleciton ot an aporopriate sar- ple crushed 1p the fine aggregate sizes, lunfess hese 15 season 1 expect Ul the courer size fractions have a different composition thae the finer size and that these differences might significantly af- fect expansion duc to reaction with the alkalies in cement ht this case. the coarser size fractions shall be tested. in manter similar ( that employed in resting the fine aggregate sizes. 72 Preparation of Aggregate— Grade all aggregates in uecordance with the requirements prescribed in Table | Crush aggregates for which suflicieat ‘quantities of the sizes specified in Table do net exist until the regained material has been produced, In the case of agere- ates containing insufficient amounts of fone of aoce of the Langer sizas listed ia Table |, and if no larger mulerial is, available for crushing, the first size in ay which sufficient marin is available Shall contain the cureulalive percentage of material down to that size as deter- mined frou the grating specified in Tanle 1. Note in the test report when such provedares are required. After the aggregate bas beew separated imo the YVaTIOIR slev? sizes, wash each size with fa waler spray over the sleve ta remove adhering dust and fine particles from he suggregate. Dry the portions retained ut the vatioos sieves and, unless used im mediately ually in « elzan container. Seal the con Tainer to prevent moisture Inss ar gain. 7.3. Selestion and Preparation of Co- ment—Seleot a reference cement which meets the requirements of MRS. Pass the reference cement through @ 850-4 (IND. 20) sieve co remove lumps befare 7.4. Preparation of Test Specimens: TAL Prepave ut least three ost speci mens for each cementageregate eomini- nation, 7.42 Prepare the specimen melds in tuccordanee with the requirements of M 210, except cover the interior surfaces ff the wold with a release agent store each postion individ Note 4A release 4 Tv serves aya paring agem without affecting the senting ofthe cement un without leaving any reside that will nibs the pen Of water into the species. THE-longocarhon ape complies with mioid relesse agen, fe requirments for a 7.43. Proportion the dry materials tor te test mortar using { part of cement Ww 2.25 pans of graded aggrepite by Mix 440 x of cement and 990 g of dry aggregate (rade up by reeombin-= ing the ponions rerained on the various sieves in the grading prescribed in Table 1) at one time to prepare a batch of rnurtar sulficiene tor making three speci meas. Use a water to even! rario equal lo 0.50 by mass Jaa Mix Ue momar in accordance win me requirements of T 162 using wale thal meetsthe requirements of See tion 52 7.45 Mold tex specimens with a total elapsed time of rot more than 135 8 aiter completion of the original mixing of the mortar batch. Fill the molds with (wo approximately equal layers, each layer being compacted with the tamper.720 Work the mortar into the comers, around the gage studs, and along the surfaces (ofthe mold with hy tamper until ahomo- wencous specimen is oblained, After the top layer Ins been compacted, cut off the raartar Dusk with the top of the so0ld fund smooth the surface with «few strokes off Ue towel 8. PROCEDURE B81 Place each mold in the moist cabinet or moist room immediately after it has been filled, Cure the specimens in the molds for 24 © 2h, Remove the specimens from the molds and, while they are being protected from loss of moistare, properly identity and deter imine the initia) length of each specimen using the length comparater. Recoré ail Fength measurements to the nearest (0.002 ‘mm (0,000) in.) 8.2. Place the specimens of each ag- gregate sample ina storage container ‘with sutticient tap warer «0 orally im merse them. Seal the centaines and place them in an aves: mnaintained! at 80.0 * LPC (76 © VE) for a pesiod of 24 b, 8.3 Moasume the comparator bar porto messuing each set of specimens since the heat from the. mortar bars may cause the length of the camaamtar to change. If the length of the comparacor bar has changest, wat until the compara or bas retired to room tempera before remeasuring the comparator bat. Remove the containors fram the even one st a time. Remove other containers only after the specimens in the first eon- tainer have heen measured and retumed to the oven. Remove the specimens onz at a time from the water and dry their sorace with 2 towel, paying paricatar areniian to the two meial gage measure {ng sind, Record the ero measurements of cach specimen immediately after drying, as soon ax the specimen is in position, Complete the provess of drying ‘and measuring within [5 5 sofremov- ing the specimen from the water. After nasuremest, leave the specimen on a towel unlil the rerainder of the bars hhave been ineasured, Fluce each set of specimens in separate containers with x 1.0 nounal NaOH solution, at 80.0 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING LP C.(176 3°) wally immerse the samples, Seal the containers and re- turn them 10 the ven, 84 Underuke subsequent measure: iment of the specimens periodically, with al least thrce intermediate readings, For 14 days after the zevo reading, at aprox rately the same time esch day. ‘The rcusuring procedure is identical to that dkscribed in Section 8.3 except that the specimens are remened (9 their own con- ince aller niasuretnent, 9. CALCULATION 9A Calculate the difference between the zero length of the specimen and the lent at each petiod of measurement the nearest 0,001 percent of the effective szage lengih und record as the expansion ‘of the specimen for that period, Repost ime average expansion of the three speci= ven cemenaggregale come bination to the nearest 0.01 percent os the expansion for the combination for a siven periva Note 5—Ahen the mean expansion of the rest specimens exceeds O10 percent at 16 ays from casting (14 days irom zero read ing), itis indicative of porencalty deleterious expansion, This value has been dotermined thom tests of aggregute wah known tickd perlormnce in eonerete, When the mean ox pasion of the tet specimens is Jess thu 20 perwent a 16 clays afer easting, aL 1s indicaive of innvcuous behavior. [4] 10, REPORT ‘The report shall include the following: AA the wpe and scuree of aggregate, 30.2 the type aud sowie of porland cement 10.3 the average length change in percent at each reading ofthe specimens, 1A any relevent information con cerning the preparation of aguregates, cluding the grading of the aggregae when it differs from that given in Section 10.5 any significant teatmres re ‘euled by exaatinadon of Ue specimens daring and after teat, 10.6 the amoune of mixing water ex- pressed as anass pescent to cement, 7303 10.7 the type, source, proportions and chemical analyses, including Nag and KO, of any pozzalans employed in the tesis, and, 10.8 s graph of the length change dats frnm the time of the ery reading 10 the end of the 16-day period. 11, PRECISION AND BIAS 114 Preetsion—Pretiminary daa Indicate that for mateiials giving au ex pansion at 14 days in solation of greater than 0.10 porvunt, the averug laboratory coefficient of variation (for experienced lahoratorias) is 9.55 percent Therefore, results of two properly eon ducted tests in different laboratories an the same mazerial should nos differ from ach other by more than 27.0 pervent of their average, nineteen times in twenty uli [Note 6—For further information sos: Hoo- on, B.D, Tnerabonwory Study of the NBER Rapid Tew Method und CSA Standardisation Status" in Caradien Developments ne Tesing Concrete Ageresates for Allali-Ageregae Reectivty, Miuistey of Transportation, On- ‘auio Bagigweting Materials Report 92, Mazel 1980, pp. 225-240, 12 Biss—Since there is co ac cepted reference material fordesermining the bise of this teat method, no statement fom bhize ig being mad REFERENCES LU) Obserbolster, R. B, and G. Davis, “An Aceclerated Method for ‘Test ing the Poteatial Alkali Reactivity of Siticeous Aggregates,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 16, 1986, pp. 181-188. [2] Davis, G., and R. E. Obserbolser, “Use of the NBRI Acosleruted Test fo Evaluate the Etfectiveness. of Mineral Admixtuses in Preventing the Alkali Silica Reaction.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol, 17, 1987, pp. 97-107,1303 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING at [3] Davis, G., and R. B. Obserhlster, Research Institute, CSIRO, Special for Detecting Allali:Rusetive Ae “An Tojerlaboratory Progenume on Repo. BOU 921981, Pretoria, pregates.” Proceedings of the the NBRI Accelerated Test to De- RSA, 1987, 16pp. Eighth International Conference on termine the Alkali-Silica Reactivity [4] Hootun, R. D. and C, A. Rogers, Alkali Aggregate Reaction, Kyoto, of Aggregates,” National Building, “Evaluation of Rapid Test Methods 1989, pp. 239-44,