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  • 79 - High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles

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    79_High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles

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    4 views7 pages

    79 - High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles

    Uploaded by

    Jobert Lledo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles! 1. Score LL ‘This test method covers the pro ccodure for testing vertical or batter piles individually to determine the force and velocity response of the pile ton impact force aipplicd axially by a pile driving ammer to the top of the pile. ‘This test method! 18 applicable to deep foundation units that fanetion in 9 manrer simi 10 fouindarion piles, regardless of their method of installation, provided that they ture receptive t0 bigh strain imp. ing, ‘These elements can include drilled shafls, migropiles, und continuous fight auger cast piles 12 This standard may ‘ardous maverials, uperations, and equip ment, This standard does not purport to address abl of she safer problems asscciated with Us use. tris the responsi bility of the user of this standard 10 establish appropriate safety and health practives wl determine the applicability of regilarory linmtanons prior 10 use. For a specific precautionary statement see Nose 7, olve i NOWTE 1—Highestron dyn tating re quires a strain at pact wbich is presents tive of a forve in the pike having the same ‘order of migitude, o» pteaet, than the wt ‘ate pile-sal resistance NOTE 2—This stand metiod muy be applied to the high-sain dynamic testing of piles with the wee of only forve or stain twaniducers andior acceleration, velociy or displacement transducers as long as the test resus elewely stale how the testing deviates from the stadad, je, what combination of ingluments wos use. NOTE 2A suitable follower may be re ‘gine For teting existing cact-inplace com: rele piles. This follower should have an impedance within 50. percent of the imped. Tp fr Seen 52 hs ttn pees suman ly ASTIN D #955, Standard Method of Test for AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 298-99 ance of the pile. However, adiional caution be required if the impedance isnot within 10 percent NOTE 4—For mandeel deiven piles, the rel may be dastrumented 19 3 similar way to 4 driven pile. However, esults trom 3 mandrel that i¢ more than two pieces. one ‘har has joins, will equire addtiogal analysts REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A ASTM Standards €.469 Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and! Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Comptes Test Methods of Static Tests of Lum: ber in Structural Sires? Texininology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids* D 1143 Test Method for Piles Under Static Axtal Compressive Loud* 1198 D6s3 3. TERMINOLOGY 3A Enceptas defined in Section 3.2, the terminology used in this test method conforms Terminology ASTM D6s3 32. Descriptions of Terms Spec to this Standard. 32.1 capblock—the material seried between the hammer striker plate ‘and the drive cap on top of the pile (also called the hammer cushion), 32.2 cushion—the matetial inserted Took of ASTM Stone ol 0802 cok of ASTM Sanday. Vol 0409 Book of ASTM Standardh Val O60 between the drive cap and top of the pile (also called the pile cushion). 3.23 impact event—the period of time during which the pile is moving in 4 positive andor negative direction of penetration due to a single impact force application. (See Figure 1.) 3.24 moment of impact—the fist omen of tine after the stmt of the impict event when the acceleration is eto; Le, fist major veluelty peu. See Figue 1) 325. strain wave speed (or wave speed)—the speed with which 4 stain wave propagates through a pile, It is a property of the pile materia 32.6 particle velowty—the velocity of a pucticle inthe pile as a sain wave passes by 32.7 pile impedance indicates the resistance 9 pile has t0 9 sudden change anvolocity. 1 eun be caleulated by raali- plying Young's Modulus of Elasticity by the cross sectional area and dividing the Product by the sir wave speed. (Pio portionality constant) Z= Abie = Impedance = Cross-sectional area “Young's Modulus of Elasticity = Wave speed of the pile Unic mass density of the pile mate rial SO mEN 32.8 restriking—the cedsiving of @ previously driven pile after a waiting pe» fod of from 15 minutes to 30 days or move. The length ofthe waiting period is dependent upon the type of rile and the soil 32.9 mansducer artachment area (74A}-—an extension of non-driven ele- sncals used to attach tke instuments the tmisimum distance from the top of the column, The minimum lengthof the TAA. is two element diameters This length can he achieved by using a buildup to extend 01 702 IMPACT EVENT MBTHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING MOMENT OF IMPACT gs Sr we 2 a TIME (ms) z? *.. 32 VELOCITY x rel FIGURE 1 ‘Typist Free and Vetcty Traces Genenited fy the Apperatus or Diatdng Dyilene Haare LEADS — I ARRANGEMENT FOR ATTACHING PILE HAMMER TRANSDUCERS cDiterent tor eoch ee ee cas PILE figures 4 ond 5.1 DATA RECORDING PROCESSING AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT (see figure 3) FIGURE 2 Typical Arrangement for High Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles the column height ancior by excavation of the soil, from around the existing column, 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method is used 10 pro- vidle data on stain or force and accelera- vou, velocity oF displacement of a pile under impact force, ‘The data may be sed t estimate the bearing capscity and the integrity of the pile, as well as hammer performance, pile stresses, and soil dynamics characteristics such as soil damping coeificients und quake values, 5. APPARATUS SA Apparatus Force: or Applying Impact T 298 SAI fupact Force Application Any conventional pile driving hammer ‘oF similar device is acceptable for apply ing the impact force. The tammer or device should be capable of generating: © a net measurable pile Penetration, v7 an estimated mobi lized static resistance in the beating strata which, for a miniown period of 3 mins, ex keceds 16 a sufficient degree the working load assigied to the pile, as jnlged by Ue engines, ‘The device shall he positioned so that the impact is applied axially to the heud Of the pile and concentie with the pile For non-driven piles the conerete shod bbe level with of above any casing. The top should be fited with a cushioning material with « thickness of $0 to {50h ‘mm, ‘The final thickness shall be deter ‘mined from a wave equution study. A steel striper plate, minirwen thickness of 50mm, and an area between 7) and 90 percent of the shaft area, but nar less than the area of the impact weight NOTE $—If protruding eeinforcng buy are presen, the Comactr ts the option 10 invorporat the echoing bas inside the TAA, or use 2 pedestal fllower (see Note 3 32 Apparatus for Obtaining Dye amie Measurements S21 Measurement Transducer be quirements —The apparanys shall elude Wausducers which are capable of inde- pendently measuring stain and accclera- tion versus time € a specific lovation along the pile ax's during the impact event. The transducers. should have a natural frequency in excess of 2000 Hz once they are atthed wo the pile, A ‘minimum of two each of these devices shall te attached securely 10 the pile so fat they donot slip. Bolt-on, giue-on or Weld-on transducers. are acceptubl: The tansducers shall have been brated to an accuracy of 2 percem throughout the aplicable measurement, range. If damage is suspeuted during tse, fhe transducers stall be replaced of recalibrate. $2.2 Location of Fransdacers—The ‘measurement transtucers shall be locate a equal radial distances on diametecally opporite sides of the pite. They shall te al T 208 a NOTH 08 CULEER METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING STAR TRARSOUCERS, peorteR Tees 2 ACCELERATION SOLS 8 Pretec 7 STRAN SOUMS, This apporatus moy be reploced aye et mire enters, -—Y seoanatus eouens ATA rae, cone Sn eve rom Spesnatus, a located the same axial disance from the bottont of the pile, s that measurements are not altecied by bending of the pile. When neur the upper end of the pile they shall be attached at least one and ne-halt pile diameters fom the heady Where pructicable this distance should be three diameters. When testing large diameter piles ur non driven elements it is recommended 10 use feur transducers, if practicable, Attaching wansducers 10 3 TAA, created with a casing, will require culling windows in the casing (0 access the concrete, The windows should be ‘a minimum of 19 cm square, This is illustrated in Figures 4 tirough 7, 323 Force or Trans ducers—The strain transducers shall have a linear output over the range of possible pile strains. The measured strain shall be converted to force using the pile cross-section area and dynamic modulus ‘of elesticity at the measuring location "The dynamic modulus of elasticity may ‘be asmmed to be 200 19 207 GPa for steel, The dynamic modulus ofelasticity Strain culated from the wave speed deiermiined 4s indicated in Section 6.2. The dynamic modulus of elasticity Is equal to me prod- uct of the strain wave speed squared and the unit weight of the pile divided by gravity = Dynamic modulus of elasticity Wave speed of pile Unit weight of pile material = gravity Unit mass density of the pile mae- rial Eg c A 8 a Alternatively, the dynamic modulus of elasticity may be estimated from the static modulus of elasticity by measure- rent dusing a compression test in accor dance with ASTM C469 and D 198, for concrete und wood, respectively. S231 Vorce measurements aléo can bbe made by a force transducer, an instru mented unit, placed hetween the pile head 703 and the driving hammer. afthongh it should be acer may alter the dyrnumiecharacteris- ties of the driving ssstem, Force trans ducers shall have an impedance between 50 percent and 200 peccert of the pile impedance. The ouput signal st be linearly proportional the axial force, even under exeentsic load application “The connection herween the force trans bacers al the pie still have the

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