Software Testing for Beginners

SDLC :-
Systematical approch / Step by step approach of a product or an application.
The output of one phase is the input for next phase.
Phases of SDLC is common across all the models:-
1. Requirement phase : Gather all the requirements and articulates in a
document ( System Requirement Specification ).
2. Designing : Analyze the requirements and create the design document
which is used to define the flow of an application from the front end and
back end.
3. Coding : Developing the code by understanding the requirements from
baseline.
4. 4
5. Maintenance : Support extend by the team to establish the project
successfully till it gain some confidence before a final release. Enable the
team to analyze the relaiablity and stablity of the product.

Types of SDLC models:-

1. Waterfall model:- The waterfall is a widely accepted SDLC model. the whole
process of the software development is divided into various phases of SDLC. In this
SDLC model, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase.
2. V- Model:- In this type of SDLC model testing and the development, the phase is
planned in parallel. So, there are verification phases of SDLC on the side and the
validation phase on the other side
3. Iterative model:- Iterative Model follows the iteration in the software development
process. 
4. Spiral model:- The spiral model is a risk-driven process model. This SDLC testing
model helps the team to adopt elements of one or more process models like a
waterfall, etc.
5. Agile model:- Agile methodology is a practice which promotes continue interaction
of development and testing during the SDLC process of any project. In the Agile
method, the entire project is divided into small incremental builds. All of these builds
are provided in iterations, and each iteration lasts from one to three weeks.
Software testing life cycle

stlc defines what test activites to carry out and when to accomplish those test
activites.
1)Requirement Analysis:
Requirement Analysis is the first step of Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). In this
phase quality assurance team understands the requirements like what is to be
tested.
2)Test Planning:
Test Planning is most efficient phase of software testing life cycle where all testing
plans are defined. In this phase manager of the testing team calculates estimated
effort and cost forthe testing work.
3)Test Case Development:
In this phase testing team note down the detailed test cases. Testing team also
prepare the requiredtest data for the testing
4)Test Environment Setup:
Basically test environment decides the conditions on which software is tested In this
process the testing team is not involved. either the developer or the customer
creates the testing environment.
5)Test Execution:
In this phase testing team start executing test cases based onprepared test cases in
the earlier step.
6)Test Closure:
This is the last stage of STLC in which the process of testing is analyzed.

Levels of Testing

 Unit Testing : checks if software components are fulfilling functionalities or not.

 Integration Testing : checks the data flow from one module to other modules.
 System Testing : evaluates both functional and non-functional needs for the
testing.
 Acceptance Testing : checks the requirements of a specification or contract are
met as per its delivery.
Types of Software Testing

1.Manual Testing
2.Automation Testing

Manual Testing

1) Black Box Testing:- Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which

testers evaluate the functionality of the software under test without looking at
the internal code structure.

Types of black box testing:-

Functional and NON-Functional Testing

Functional testing is a type of testing which verifies that each function of the

software application operates in conformance with the requirement specification. 

 Unit testing
 Smoke testing
 User Acceptance
 Integration Testing
 Regression testing

Non-functional testing is a type of testing to check non-functional aspects

(performance, usability, reliability, etc.) of a software application.

 Performance Testing
 Volume Testing
 Scalability
 Usability Testing
 Load Testing
 Stress Testing

2) White Box Testing:-

White Box Testing is software testing technique in which internal structure, design
and coding of software are tested to verify flow of input-output and to improve
design, usability and security.
Defect Life Cycle
Defect life cycle, also known as Bug Life cycle is the journey of a defect cycle, which
a defect goes through during its lifetime. It varies from organization to organization
and also from project to project as it is governed by the software testing process and
also depends upon the tools used.
defect Life Cycle States
New,Assigned ,Active ,Test ,Verified ,Closed ,Reopened ,Deferred ,Rejected .

Defect life Cycle classified into Defect Priority and Defect Severity.