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Pengantar Optimisasi
1. A diet for a sick person must contain at least 400 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals
and 1400 units of calories. Three foods A, B and C are available at cost $4, $3 and $3.50
per unit respectively. If one unit of A contains 200 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals
and 40 units of calories, one unit of B contains 100 units of vitamins, 3 units of minerals
and 30 units of calories and one unit of C contains 200 unit of vitamins, 2 unit of
minerals and 35 unit of calories, formulate it as a linear programming problem to find the
combination of food to be used to have the least cost.
Find the combination of the food by applying simplex method first and then you may
verify your final answer using EXCEL SOLVER. Perform also, using SOLVER,
sensitivity analysis of your solution.
2. The Goferbroke company owns a tract of land that may contain oil. A consulting
geologist has reported to the management that he believes there is one chance in four of
oil. Due to this prospect, another oil company has offered to purchase the land of $4
million. Goferbroke wants to decide whether to drill to find oil or to sell the land.
Option 1: Directly determine whether to drill or sell
Option 2: Conduct seismic experiment, then determine whether to drill
Seismic experiment cost $2 million
If result is favorable (40%), the chance of containing oil is 60%
If result is unfavorable (60%), the chance of containing oil is 10%
The drilling operation will cost $5 million
If oil is found, the company will earn $40 million
If the land sold without drilling, the company would earn $4 million.
QUESTIONS: Maximize the company’s earning, what strategy should they choose?
Analyze your strategy using decision tree.
Solusi
1.Diet untuk orang sakit harus mengandung setidaknya 400 unit vitamin, 50 unit mineral, dan
1400 unit kalori. Tiga makanan A, B, dan C masing-masing tersedia dengan harga $4, $3, dan
$3,50 per unit. Jika satu unit A mengandung 200 unit vitamin, 2 unit mineral, dan 40 unit
kalori, satu unit B berisi 100 unit vitamin, 3 unit mineral, dan 30 unit kalori, dan satu unit C
berisi 200 unit vitamin. , 2 unit mineral dan 35 unit kalori, rumuskan sebagai masalah
pemrograman linier untuk menemukan kombinasi makanan yang akan digunakan dengan
biaya paling murah. Temukan kombinasi makanan dengan menerapkan metode simpleks
terlebih dahulu dan kemudian Anda dapat memverifikasi jawaban akhir Anda menggunakan
EXCEL SOLVER. Lakukan juga, menggunakan SOLVER, analisis sensitivitas solusi Anda.
Solusi :
Formulasi
Fungsi tujuan = min z = 4 x1 +3 x 2+ 3,5 x 3
Kendala 200 x 1+100 x 2+ 200 x 3 ≥ 400
2 x1 +3 x 2+ 2 x 3 ≥50
40 x 1 +30 x2 +35 x 3 ≥ 1400
x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
Bentuk baku (standar)
min z = 4 x1 +3 x 2+ 3,5 x 3
Kendala −200 x 1−100 x2−200 x 3 + S1=−400
−2 x1 −3 x 2−2 x 3 +S 2=−50
−40 x 1−30 x 2−35 x 3+ S 3=−1400
x 1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
Bentuk kanonik
Z−4 x1 −3 x 2−3,5 x 3=0
−200 x 1−100 x2−200 x 3 + S1=−400
−2 x1 −3 x 2−2 x 3 +S 2=−50
−40 x 1−30 x 2−35 x 3+ S 3=−1400
x 1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
PENYELESAIAN DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX
BASIS Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3 NK Rasio
Z 1 -4 -3 -3,5 0 0 0 0
ITERASI 0 S1 0 -200 -100 -200 1 0 0 0 0
S2 0 -2 -3 -2 0 1 0 -400 200
S3 0 -40 -30 -35 0 0 1 -1400 35
BASIS Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3 NK
Z 1 0 0 0 0 0 -0,1 140
ITERASI
S1 0 0 50 -25 1 0 -5 7000
1
S2 0 0 -1,5 -0,25 0 1 -0,05 -330
X1 0 1 0,75 0,875 0 0 -0,025 35
karena sudah memenuhi kriteria optimal maka iterasi dihentikan dan diperoleh Z = 140 dengan x1 =
35 dan x2 = 0 dan x3 = 0
Dengan solver diperoleh nilai z yang sama yaitu Z= 140 dan X1=35, X2=0 DAN X3=0
Analisis Sensitifitas
Microsoft Excel 15.0 Sensitivity Report
Worksheet: [5_6320988212307166741.xlsx]ANALISIS SOLVER
Report Created: 18/11/2022 00.50.57
Variable Cells
Reduce Allowabl Allowabl
Final d Objective e e
Valu Coefficie Decreas
Cell Name e Cost nt Increase e
$C$1
0 X1 NILAI 35 0 4 0 4
$C$1
1 X2 NILAI 0 0 3 1E+30 0
$C$1
2 X3 NILAI 0 0 3,5 1E+30 0
Constraints
Shado Constrain Allowabl Allowabl
Final w t e e
Valu Decreas
Cell Name e Price R.H. Side Increase e
$E$1 X1
0 KENDALA 7000 0 400 6600 1E+30
$E$1 X2
1 KENDALA 70 0 50 20 1E+30
$E$1 X3
2 KENDALA 1400 0,1 1400 1E+30 400
Nilai akhir X1 = 35, X2 = 0 dan X3 = 0 sehingga tidak terdapat pengurangan biaya dengan
Z= 140
Payoff
Oil (30%) 33 jt
Sell 4 jt
B
EVPI = (33 jt) (30%) + (4 jt)(70%) – 7 jt = 5,7 jt
Tabel Seismik
Alternatif FSS USS
Oil 40% 60%
Dry 60% 10%
B G
D F
E
E
P (Oil FSS) = (40%)(40%) = 16%
P (Oil USS) = (40%)(60%) = 24%
P (Dry FSS) = (60%)(10%) = 6%
P (Dry USS) = (60%)(90%) = 54%
F
C
B G
D
E
E