Electricity and Optics - PHYS 241

Summer 2021

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Outline

32-1 Mirrors

32-2 Lenses
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Plane Mirrors

𝑆 Distance from object to mirror 𝑺 = −𝑺′ 𝒚 = 𝒚′

𝑆′ Distance from image to mirror
𝑦 height of the object 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑦′ height of the image
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Spherical Mirrors (Imaged formed by reflection)

𝑆 Distance from object to mirror

𝒓
𝑆′ Distance from image to mirror 𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒎𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓: 𝒇 =
𝟐
𝑦 height of the object
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑦′ height of the image 𝑴𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: + =
𝒔 𝒔′ 𝒇
𝑓 Distance from F (focal point) to mirror
𝑟 Radius of curvature of the mirror 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑺′ 𝒚′
𝒎=− =
𝒔 𝒚
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Concave Mirror: 𝒇 > 𝟎 Convex Mirror: 𝒇 < 𝟎

Meaning Associated with the Signs of Spherical Mirror Parameters

Quantity Sign
+ -
𝑺 Real Object Virtual Object
𝑺’ Real Image Virtual Image
𝒀 Erect Object Inverted Object
𝒀’ Erect Image Inverted Image
𝒎 Erect Image Inverted Image
𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓 Concave Mirror Convex Mirror
CHAPTER 32 Convex Mirror
CHAPTER 32 Concave Mirror
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Question 1
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Question 2
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Question 3
CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Question 4
A small frog is located on the central axis 35.0 cm in front of a
concave spherical mirror having a focal length of 20.0 cm. locate
the image and describe it completely. What is the transverse
magnification of the image?
 CHAPTER 32 32-1: Mirrors
Question 5
A 3-cm-tall candle-flame is 50 cm in front of a convex spherical mirror with a
radius of the curvature of 80 cm. Locate the image and describe it fully
(real/virtual, size, erect/inverted).
CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Lenses (Image formed by refraction)

𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒔:

𝑆 Distance from object to lens 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏 𝟏

=( − 𝟏)( − )
𝑆′ Distance from image to lens 𝒇 𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐
𝑦 height of the object
𝑦′ height of the image 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: + =
𝑓 Distance from F (focal point) to lens 𝒔 𝒔′ 𝒇
𝒓𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝟐 Radii of curvatures 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑛 Index of refraction of the lens 𝑺′ 𝒚′
𝒎=− =
𝒔 𝒚
CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Convex Lens: 𝒇 > 𝟎
CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Concave Lens: 𝒇 < 𝟎
CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Question 6

Find the focal length in air and water (𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1.33)

 CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Question 7
A contact lens, located in air, is made of plastic with an index of refraction of 1.50. The lens has
an outer radius of curvature of r1 = +2.0 cm and an inner radius of curvature of r2 = +2.5 cm.
What is the focal length of the lens?
 CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Question 8
A thin lens has a focal length of +25.0 cm. Locate and describe the image when the object is
placed (a) 26.0 cm and (b) 24.0 cm in front of the lens.
 CHAPTER 32 32-2: Lenses
Question 9
A diverging lens has a focal length of magnitude 20.0 cm.
(a) Locate the image for the object distances of (i) 40.0 cm, (ii) 20.0 cm, (iii) 10.0 cm. For each
case, state whether the image is
(b) real or virtual
(c) upright or inverted
(d) For each case, find the magnification.